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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2007. NASA's Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12006.
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Page 154
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2007. NASA's Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12006.
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Page 155
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2007. NASA's Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12006.
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Page 156
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2007. NASA's Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12006.
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Page 157

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G Acronyms AAAC Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee ACS attitude control system ACT Advanced Compton Telescope AD&C attitude determination and control ADEPT Advanced Dark Energy Physics Telescope ADR Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator AL arm locking ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter Array ASCA Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics ASIC application-specific integrated circuit ATT advanced technology testbed AU astronomical unit BAO baryon acoustic oscillation BAT Burst Alert Telescope BE Beyond Einstein BH black hole BHFP Black Hole Finder Probe BICEP Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization CASTER Coded Aperture Survey Telescope for Energetic Radiation CC continuous clocking CCD charge-coupled device CGRO Compton Gamma Ray Observatory CIP Cosmic Inflation Probe CL galaxy cluster CLIC column loading input chip CMB cosmic microwave background CMBPol Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimeter CMT Colloid Micronewton Thruster COBE Cosmic Background Explorer CoBRA complexity-based risk assessment Con-X Constellation-X 154

APPENDIX G 155 COSMOS Cosmological Evolution Survey Cs-FEEP Cesium Field Emission Electric Propulsion CsI cesium iode CTE coefficient of thermal expansion CZT cadmium-zinc-telluride DDT&E design, development, test, and evaluation DE dark energy delta-v incremental change in velocity DEP Dark Energy Probe DES Dark Energy Survey DESTINY Dark Energy Space Telescope DETF Dark Energy Task Force DOD Department of Defense DoD degree of difficulty DOE Department of Energy DRS disturbance-reduction system EELV evolved expendable launch vehicle ELV expendable launch vehicle EM engineering model EMRI extreme mass-ratio inspiral EOL end of life EPIC-F Experimental Probe of Inflationary Cosmology EPIC-I Einstein Polarization Interferometer for Cosmology eROSITA extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array ESA European Space Agency EXIST Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope FEEP Field Emission Electric Propulsion FGS fine guidance sensor FMA flight mirror assembly FOBAS Fast On-board Burst Alert System FOV field of view FPA focal plane array FPGA field programmable gate array GBT Green Bank Telescope GLAST Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope GPB Gravity Probe B GPS Global Positioning System GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment GRB gamma-ray burst GRO Gamma Ray Observatory GRS Gravitational Reference Sensor GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center HDF Hubble Deep Field HEFT High Energy Focusing Telescope HEI High Energy Imager HEPAP High Energy Physics Advisory Panel HERO High-Energy Replicated Optics HET High Energy Telescope HHT Heinrich Hertz Telescope HST Hubble Space Telescope

156 NASA’S BEYOND EINSTEIN PROGRAM HUDF Hubble Ultra-Deep Field HXT Hard X-ray Telescope IMBH intermediate-mass black hole IMU inertial measurement unit In-FEEP Indium Needle Field Emission Electric Propulsion InFOCUS International Focusing Optics Collaboration for micro-Crab Sensitivity IP Inflation Probe IR infrared IRAS Infrared Astronomical Satellite IS Image Slicer ISO Infrared Space Observatory ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations JDEM Joint Dark Energy Mission JFET junction gate field-effect transistor JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JWST James Webb Space Telescope L2 Lagrange Point 2 LaBr3 lanthanum bromide LAGEOS Laser Geodynamics Satellites LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LCC life-cycle cost LEI Low Energy Imager LEO low Earth orbit LET Low Energy Telescope LIGO Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory LISA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna LM Lockheed Martin LOFAR Low Frequency Array LP LISA Pathfinder LSS Large-Scale Structure LSST Large Synoptic Survey Telescope LST Large Survey Telescope LSU Louisiana State University LV launch vehicle MBI main beam interference MCT mercury cadmium telluride MEMS microelectromechanical system MESSENGER Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (mission) MIRI mid-infrared instrument MO&DA mission operations and data analysis MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center MWA Mileura Wide-Field Array NAFCOM NASA Air Force Cost Model NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NeXT New X-ray Telescope NFIRE Near Field Infrared Experiment NIR near-infrared NIRCAM Near-Infrared Camera NIRSpec Near-Infrared Spectrometer NRC National Research Council

APPENDIX G 157 NSF National Science Foundation NTD neutron transmutation doped OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy PDR preliminary design review PMS phase measurement system PMT photo-multiplier tube PS pre-stabilization QE quantum efficiency R&D research and development RFI request for information ROSAT Röntgensatellit ROSES Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences SAA South Atlantic Anomoly SAIC Science Applications International Corporation SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory SBIR Small Business Innovation Research SCUBA Sub-millimeter Common User Bolometer Array SDSS Sloan Digital Sky Survey SEUS Structure and Evolution of the Universe Subcommittee SKA Square Kilometer Array SMBH supermassive black hole SN supernova SNAP Supernova Acceleration Probe SQUID Superconducting Quantum Interference Device SSAC Space Science Advisory Committee SwRI Southwest Research Institute SXT Spectroscopic X-ray Telescope TDI time-delayed interferometry TE timed exposure TES transition edge sensor TMA three mirror astigmatic TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder TRDSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System TRL Technology Readiness Level ULE ultralow expansion ULX ultraluminous x-ray source VLT Very Large Telescope VPM variable-delay polarization modulator WFC wide-field camera WHIM Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium WISE Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WL weak lensing WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe XEUS X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy XGS X-ray Grating Spectrometer XMM-Newton X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission-Newton XMS X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer XQC X-ray Quantum Calorimeter XRS X-ray Spectrograph XSS-11 Experimental Satellite System-11

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NASA's Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation Get This Book
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"Beyond Einstein science" is a term that applies to a set of new scientific challenges at the intersection of physics and astrophysics. Observations of the cosmos now have the potential to extend our basic physical laws beyond where 20th-century research left them. Such observations can provide stringent new tests of Einstein's general theory of relativity, indicate how to extend the Standard Model of elementary-particle physics, and -- if direct measurements of gravitational waves were to be made -- give astrophysics an entirely new way of observing the universe.

In 2003, NASA, working with the astronomy and astrophysics communities, prepared a research roadmap entitled Beyond Einstein: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. This roadmap proposed that NASA undertake space missions in five areas in order to study dark energy, black holes, gravitational radiation, and the inflation of the early universe, to test Einstein's theory of gravitation. This study assesses the five proposed Beyond Einstein mission areas to determine potential scientific impact and technical readiness. Each mission is explored in great detail to aid decisions by NASA regarding both the ordering of the remaining missions and the investment strategy for future technology development within the Beyond Einstein Program.

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