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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices
IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH NEEDS RELATING TO POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL OR ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES
Committee on Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communications Devices
Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board
Division on Earth and Life Studies
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Award No. HHSF223200710005C between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-11294-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-11294-X
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Copyright 2008 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices
COMMITTEE ON IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH NEEDS RELATING TO POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL OR ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
FRANK S. BARNES (Chair),
University of Colorado, Boulder
OM P. GANDHI,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City
MAILA HIETANEN,
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
LEEKA KHEIFETS,
University of California, Los Angeles
RÜDIGER MATTHES,
Federal Office of Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
DAVID L. MCCORMICK,
IIT Research Institute, Chicago
BERNARD VEYRET,
University of Bordeaux, France
Nuclear And Radiation Studies Board Liaison
DANIEL KREWSKI,
University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Staff
RICK JOSTES, Study Director
NAOKO ISHIBE, Program Officer
TONI GREENLEAF, Financial and Administrative Associate
SHAUNTEÉ WHETSTONE, Program Assistant
JAMES YATES, JR., Office Assistant
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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices
NUCLEAR AND RADIATION STUDIES BOARD
RICHARD A. MESERVE (Chair),
Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C.
S. JAMES ADELSTEIN (Vice Chair),
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
JOEL S. BEDFORD,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins
SUE B. CLARK,
Washington State University, Pullman
ALLEN G. CROFF,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (retired), St. Augustine, Florida
DAVID E. DANIEL,
University of Texas at Dallas
SARAH C. DARBY,
Clinical Trial Service Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
JAY DAVIS,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (retired), Livermore, California
ROGER L. HAGENGRUBER,
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
DANIEL KREWSKI,
University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
KLAUS KÜHN,
Technische Universität Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
MILTON LEVENSON,
Bechtel International (retired), Menlo Park, California
C. CLIFTON LING,
Memorial Hospital, New York City, New York
PAUL A. LOCKE,
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
WARREN F. MILLER,
Texas A&M University, Albuquerque, New Mexico
BORIS F. MYASOEDOV,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
ANDREW M. SESSLER, E.O.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
JOHN C. VILLFORTH,
Food and Drug Law Institute (retired), Gaithersburg, Maryland
PAUL L. ZIEMER,
Purdue University (retired), West Lafayette, Indiana
Staff
KEVIN D. CROWLEY, Director
EVAN B. DOUPLE, Scholar
RICK JOSTES, Senior Program Officer
MICAH D. LOWENTHAL, Senior Program Officer
JOHN R. WILEY, Senior Program Officer
NAOKO ISHIBE, Program Officer
TONI GREENLEAF, Administrative and Financial Associate
LAURA D. LLANOS, Administrative and Financial Associate
COURTNEY GIBBS, Senior Program Assistant
MANDI M. BOYKIN, Senior Program Assistant
SHAUNTEÉ WHETSTONE, Senior Program Assistant
JAMES YATES, JR., Office Assistant
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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices
Acknowledgements
The report benefited from the contribution of the speakers and participants in the workshop. The agenda, speakers, and participants are included as appendices to the report. The committee would like to thank Rick Jostes, Shaunteé Whetstone, Toni Greenleaf, and Naoko Ishibe for helping to make the workshop a success. A special thanks to the sponsor, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well.
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Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purposes of this review are to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following for their participation in the review of this report:
Joel S. Bedford, Colorado State University
Maria Feychting, Karolinska Institutet
Lennart Hardell, University Hospital
Niels Kuster, Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS)
Harri Lindholm, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Gabor Mezei, Electric Power Research Institute
Frank S. Prato, University of Western Ontario
Jerome S. Puskin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
E. Van Rongen, Health Council of the Netherlands
Teri L. Vierima, Resource Strategies Inc.
Peter M. Wiedemann, Federal Research Center
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Identification of Research Needs Relating to Potential Biological or Adverse Health Effects of Wireless Communication Devices
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois and Daniel E. Wartenberg, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Research Council.
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Contents
Executive Summary
1
Summary
3
Introduction
10
Dosimetry and Exposure
13
Epidemiology
19
Human Laboratory Studies
27
Mechanisms
33
In Vivo and In Vitro Studies in Experimental Model Systems
37
References
45
Appendixes
A
Statement of Task
51
B
Committee Biographical Sketches
52
C
Workshop Agenda
57
D
Workshop Participants
64
E
List of Individuals Who Submitted Statements Identifying Needs and Gaps in Research Prior to Workshop
66
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