Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty

Appendix 3-3
Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of the Percentage of Applicants That Are Female^a^,^b^,^c

Effects	Mean (Lower, Upper 95% Confidence Limits)
Disciplines
Biology	0.24 (0.20, 0.28)
Chemistry	0.17 (0.14, 0.21)
Mathematics	0.20 (0.16, 0.24)
Electrical engineering	0.10 (0.07, 0.13)
Physics	0.10 (0.09, 0.12)
Civil engineering	0.13 (0.10, 0.17)
Type of position
Tenured	0.15 (0.12, 0.17)
Tenure track	0.15 (0.13, 0.17)
Tenured – tenure-track	1.00 (0.88, 1.12)
Type of institution
Private	0.15 (0.13, 0.17)
Public	0.15 (0.12, 0.17)
Private – public	1.03 (0.87, 1.19)
Prestige of institution
Top 10 institutions	0.16 (0.14, 0.18)
Next 10 institutions	0.14 (0 10, 0.19)
Remaining institutions	0.15 (0.13, 0.17)
Top 10 – second	10 1.12 (0.75, 1.48)
Top 10 – remaining	1.08 (0.94, 1.22)
Second 10 – remaining	0.97 (0.69, 1.25)
Gender of search committee chair
Female chair	0.16 (0.13, 0.19)
Male chair	0.14 (0.12, 0.16)
Female – male chair	1.17 (1.01, 1.32)

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R18

Summary 1-14

1 Introduction 15-30

2 Status of Women in Academic Science and Engineering in 2004 and 2005 31-38

3 Gender Differences in Academic Hiring 39-69

4 Professional Activities, Institutional Resources, Climate, and Outcomes 70-115

5 Gender Differences in Tenure and Promotion 116-152

6 Key Findings and Recommendations 153-168

Appendixes 169-170

Appendix 1-1: Biographical Information on Committee Members 171-177

Appendix 1-2: List of Research I Institutions 178-178

Appendix 1-3: Committee Meeting Agenda 179-180

Appendix 1-4: The Surveys 181-188

Appendix 1-5: Survey Instruments 189-215

Appendix 1-6: Departments in Survey 216-248

Appendix 2-1: Review of Literature and Relevant Research 249-266

Appendix 2-2: Previous Research on Factors Contributing to Gender Differences Among Faculty 267-274

Appendix 3-1: Review of Literature and Research on Factors Associated with a Higher Proportion of Female Applicants 275-283

Appendix 3-2: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences for the Probability That There Are No Female Applicants 284-284

Appendix 3-3: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of the Percentage of Applicants That Are Female 285-286

Appendix 3-4: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of at Least One Female Candidate Interviewed 287-288

Appendix 3-5: Doctoral Degrees Awarded by All Doctoral-Granting Institutions, by Field, Gender, and Year 289-289

Appendix 3-6: Doctoral Degrees Awarded by Discipline and Gender for Research I Institutions, 1999-2003 290-290

Appendix 3-7: Marginal Mean and Variance of Transformed Response Variables 291-294

Appendix 3-8: Main Considerations for Taking a Position by Number of Respondents Saying "Yes" 295-295

Appendix 4-1: Distribution of Undergraduate Course Load for Faculty by Gender and Discipline 296-297

Appendix 4-2: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Do No Graduate Teaching 298-298

Appendix 4-3: Percentage of Faculty Members Receiving a Reduced Teaching Load When Hired 299-299

Appendix 4-4: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on an Undergraduate Thesis or Honors Committee 300-300

Appendix 4-5: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on and Chaired an Undergraduate Thesis or Honors Committee 301-301

Appendix 4-6: Distribution of Number of Graduate Thesis or Honors Committees for Research I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty: Men/Women 302-302

Appendix 4-7: Percentage of Time Spent in Administration or Committee Work on Campus and Service to the Profession Outside the University for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions: Men/Women 303-303

Appendix 4-8: Distribution of Number of Service Committees for Research I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty: Men/Women 304-304

Appendix 4-9: Mean Salary by Gender and Professorial Rank for Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions 305-305

Appendix 4-10: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Summer Support 306-306

Appendix 4-11: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Travel Funds 307-307

Appendix 4-12: Median Square Footage of Lab Space of Faculty Who Report Doing Experimental Work 308-308

Appendix 4-13: Faculty Who Have Received More Lab Space Since Hire (Values Are Percentages) 309-309

Appendix 4-14: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Sufficient Equipment 310-310

Appendix 4-15: Number of Postdoctorate Students for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions (presented by Men and Women) 311-311

Appendix 4-16: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Sufficient Clerical Support 312-312

Appendix 4-17: Percentage of Faculty Members Stating That They Had a Mentor 313-313

Appendix 4-18: Distribution of the Number of Graduate Students for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions (presented by Men and Women) 314-314

Appendix 4-19: Mean Number of Articles Published in Refereed Journals (sole and co-authored) Over the Past 3 Years for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions 315-315

Appendix 4-20a: Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding by Discipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an Assigned Mentor - Assistant Professors Only 316-316

Appendix 4-20b: Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding by Discipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an Assigned Mentor - Associate Professors Only 317-317

Appendix 4-21: Percentage of Faculty Missing Salary Data by Gender and Discipline 318-318

Appendix 4-22: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions That Were Nominated for at Least One Award 319-319

Appendix 4-23: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Research I Faculty with Offers to Leave 320-320

Appendix 4-24: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions Planning to Leave or Retire 321-321

Appendix 5-1: Knowledge of Tenure Procedures by Gender, Rank, and Presence of a Mentor 322-323

Appendix 5-2: Detailed Tenure Information from Departmental Survey 324-324

Appendix 5-3: Time Spent in Both Assistant and Associate Professorships 325-325

Appendix 5-4: Years Between Starting Employment and Achieving Associate Professor Status, by Gender 326-326

Appendix 5-5: Years Between Starting Employment and Achieving Full Professor Status, by Gender 327-327

Appendix 5-6: Patterns of Nonresponse for Tenure Decisions 328-328

Appendix 5-7: Patterns of Nonresponse for Promotion Decisions 329-329

Bibliography 330-352

Index 353-366

Appendix 3-3 Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of the Percentage of Applicants That Are Femalea,b,c

Appendix 3-3
Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of the Percentage of Applicants That Are Female^a^,^b^,^c