Peter Preusch

National Institutes of Health

(Chapter 2)

• Address the underlying principles of how to control the metabolism of an organism.

• Analyze the complexity of biological systems.

• Understand and influence feedback loops.

• Understand logic circuits and how best to represent them.

Brent Erickson

Biotechnology Industry Organization

(Chapter 2)

• Develop technologies that go beyond a simple starch-to-ethanol platform.

• Deal with biomass waste using genetically modified organisms.

• Address issues regarding the biorefinery infrastructure.

Magdalena Ramirez

British Petroleum

(Chapter 2)

• Determine what to do with the waste from biorefining and how to innovatively process the final product.

Daniel Nocera

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

(Chapter 2)

• Solve the multibody problem, a fundamental physics theory for reaction chemistry.

• New discoveries in catalysis and new modes of reactivity.

• Find new ways to split water.

• Discover new fundamental molecular science.

• Discover new microbes or thermochemical catalysts for lignin and cellulose conversion

Michael Wasielewski

Northwestern University

(Chapter 3)

• Need instrumentation allowing mechanistic studies with high-time resolution.

• Need systems that provide dynamic detail and mechanistic studies.

• Identify more structural changes as a function of time.

Marcetta Darensbourg

Texas A&M University

(Chapter 3)

• More work on mutations.

Thomas Rauchfuss

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champagne

(Chapter 3)

• Need for research on bioinspired syngas-like chemistry

Thomas Moore

Arizona State University

(Chapter 4)

• Engineer a catalyst to break carbon-carbon bonds so that a direct ethanol fuel cell can be developed.

• Research focused on fuels by photosynthesis created by cyanobacteria grown on nonarable land and photovoltaics for electricity.

• Reengineer photosynthesis to double or triple its power of conversion efficiency.

G. Tayhas Palmore

Brown University

(Chapter 4)

• Facile expression of enzymes using heterologous hosts.

• Truncated enzymes.

• Acidophilic and thermophilic organisms and their enzymes in the stabilization of chemistry.

• Stabilization of enzymes.

• Electroactive nanocomposites.

• New redox-active compounds.

• Turnover numbers vs. measured current.

• Engineered microorganisms.