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OCR for page 279
Desalination: A National Perspective Appendix C Desalination Economics Summary Data

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Desalination: A National Perspective CapEx Scale Sensitivity & OpEx Scale and Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis CAPEX ($/m3) 38 km3/day 189 km3/day 380 km3/day Process Unit Operation Costs Conventional pretreatment $133 $115 $106 UF/MF pretreatment $150 $130 $120 First-pass SW RO $1,239 $1,069 $989 Second-pass SW RO (optional) $140 $122 $113 Total Process Costs Conventional Pretreatment & 2-Stage RO Process ($/m3) $1,512 $1,306 $1,208 OpEx on capital 25-yr depreciation; 3% cost of capital $0.24 $0.20 $0.19 25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.29 $0.25 $0.23 25-yr depreciation; 7% cost of capital $0.35 $0.30 $0.28 Conventional Pretreatment & 2-Stage BW RO Process ($/m3) $413 $359 $332 OpEx on capital 25-yr depreciation; 3% cost of capital $0.06 $0.06 $0.05 25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.08 $0.07 $0.06 25-yr depreciation; 7% cost of capital $0.10 $0.08 $0.08 UF/MF Pretreatment & 2-Stage RO Process ($/m3) $1,529 $1,321 $1,222 OpEx on capital 25-yr depreciation; 3% cost of capital $0.24 $0.21 $0.19 25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.29 $0.25 $0.24 25-yr depreciation; 7% cost of capital $0.36 $0.31 $0.28

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Desalination: A National Perspective OpEx - Scale Sensitivity Analysis Membrane Life 5 yrs; Baseline Operating Pressure; $0.07/kWh; 5%Cost of $$$   Scale: 38 km3/d 189 km3/d 380 km3/d 2 Stage SW RO OpEx on Capital - Conventional Pretreatment       25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.29 $0.25 $0.23 2 Stage SW RO OpEx on Capital - UF/MF Pretreatment       25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.29 $0.25 $0.24 2 Stage BW RO OpEx on Capital - Conventional Pretreatment       25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.08 $0.07 $0.06 Conventional Pretreatment $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Filters ($/m3) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Energy ($/m3) $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 UF/MF Pretreatment $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 First Pass SW RO $0.23 $0.23 $0.23 Chemicals (antiscalant mostly, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.19 $0.19 $0.19 Second Pass SW RO (optional) $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 Chemicals (NaOH mostly, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Permeate Conditioning $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Total Labor $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Total Maintenance $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Total OpEx Costs - 2-Stage SW RO Conventional PreTreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.74 $0.70 $0.68 Total OpEx Costs - 2-Stage SW RO UF/MF PreTreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.70 $0.66 $0.65 Total OpEx Costs - 2-Stage BW RO Conventional PreTreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.30 $0.29 $0.28

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Desalination: A National Perspective OpEx - Membrane Life Cost Sensitivity Analysis Baseline Operating Pressure; $0.07/kWh; 189 km3/d; 5% Cost of Capital   Membrane Life: 0.5 yr 1 yr 2 yr 3 yr 5 yr 10 yr OpEx on Capital - Conventional Pretreatment             25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 OpEx on Capital - UF/MF Pretreatment             25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 Conventional Pretreatment $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 Chemicals ($/m3) 0.04 0.04 0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Filters ($/m3) 0.00 0.00 0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Energy ($/m3) 0.03 0.03 0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 UF/MF Pretreatment $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.04 $0.03 $0.03 Chemicals ($/m3)       $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes ($/m3)       $0.02 $0.01 $0.00 Energy ($/m3)       $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 First-Pass SW RO $0.39 $0.30 $0.25 $0.24 $0.22 $0.22 Chemicals (antiscalant mostly, $/m3) 0.02 0.02 0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Membranes ($/m3) $0.18 $0.09 $0.04 $0.03 $0.02 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) 0.19 0.19 0.19 $0.19 $0.19 $0.19 Second-Pass SW RO (optional) $0.14 $0.09 $0.06 $0.05 $0.05 $0.04 Chemicals (NaOH mostly, $/m3) 0.01 0.01 0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes ($/m3) $0.10 $0.05 $0.02 $0.02 $0.01 $0.00 Energy ($/m3) 0.03 0.03 0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Permeate Conditioning $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Chemicals ($/m3) 0.02 0.02 0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) 0.01 0.01 0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Total Labor 0.03 0.03 0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Total Maintenance 0.04 0.04 0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Total OpEx Costs - Conventional Pretreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.95 $0.81 $0.74 $0.70 $0.69 $0.68

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Desalination: A National Perspective OpEx - Applied Pressure Cost Sensitivity Analysis Membrane Life 5 yrs; $0.07/kWh; 189 km3/d; 5% Cost of Capital   Applied Pressure Sensitivity: 25% reduction 10% reduction Base Case 25% Increase 50% Increase OpEx on Capital - Conventional Pretreatment           25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 OpEx on Capital - UF/MF Pretreatment           25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 Conventional Pretreatment $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Filters ($/m3) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Energy ($/m3) $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 UF/MF Pretreatment $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02 First-Pass SW RO $0.20 $0.21 $0.22 $0.27 $0.32 Chemicals (antiscalant mostly, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.17 $0.17 $0.19 $0.24 $0.28 Second-Pass SW RO (optional) $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 Chemicals (NaOH mostly, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Permeate Conditioning $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Total Labor $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Total Maintenance $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Total OpEx Costs - Conventional Pretreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.66 $0.67 $0.69 $0.74 $0.79 Total OpEx Costs - UF/MF Pretreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.63 $0.63 $0.65 $0.71 $0.76

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Desalination: A National Perspective OpEx - Energy Cost Sensitivity Analysis Membrane Life 5 yrs; Baseline Operating Pressure; $0.07/kWh; 189 km3/d; 5% Cost of Capital   Energy Cost: $ 0.04/kWh $ 0.07/kWh $ 0.10/kWh $ 0.20/kWh OpEx on Capital- Conventional Pretreatment         25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 OpEx on Capital - UF/MF Pretreatment         25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 Conventional Pretreatment $0.06 $0.07 $0.08 $0.12 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Filters ($/m3) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Energy ($/m3) $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 $0.08 UF/MF Pretreatment $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.06 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.02 $0.04 First-Pass SW RO $0.14 $0.22 $0.31 $0.58 Chemicals (antiscalant mostly, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.11 $0.19 $0.27 $0.54 Second-Pass SW RO (optional) $0.04 $0.05 $0.06 $0.10 Chemicals (NaOH mostly, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 $0.08 Permeate Conditioning $0.02 $0.02 $0.03 $0.04 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.00 $0.01 $0.01 $0.02 Total Labor $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Total Maintenance $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Total OpEx Costs - Conventional Pretreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.58 $0.69 $0.80 $1.16 Total OpEx Costs - UF/MF Pretreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.55 $0.65 $0.76 $1.10

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Desalination: A National Perspective OpEx - Cost of Money Sensitivity Analysis Membrane Life 5 yrs; Baseline Operating Pressure; $0.07/kWh; 189km3/d   Interest Rate: 3% 5% 7% OpEx on Capital - Conventional Pretreatment       25-yr depreciation; $0.20 $0.25 $0.30 OpEx on Capital - UF/MF Pretreatment       25-yr depreciation; 5% cost of capital $0.21 $0.25 $0.31 Conventional Pretreatment $0.07 $0.07 $0.07 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Filters ($/m3) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Energy ($/m3) $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 UF/MF Pretreatment $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 First Pass SW RO $0.22 $0.22 $0.22 Chemicals (antiscalant mostly, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.19 $0.19 $0.19 Second Pass SW RO (optional) $0.05 $0.05 $0.05 Chemicals (NaOH mostly, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Membranes (5-yr life, $/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Energy ($/m3) $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Permeate Conditioning $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Chemicals ($/m3) $0.02 $0.02 $0.02 Energy ($/m3) $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 Total Labor $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 Total Maintenance $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 Total OpEx Costs - Conventional Pretreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.64 $0.69 $0.74 Total OpEx Costs - UF/MF Pretreatment ($/1000 gallons) = $0.61 $0.65 $0.71