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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2008. Review of Secondary Waste Disposal Planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12210.
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Page 53
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2008. Review of Secondary Waste Disposal Planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12210.
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Page 54

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

References BPBGT (Bechtel Parsons Blue Grass Team). 2004. Blue Grass Chemical CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2006. Review of the Re- Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (BGCAPP) Initial Design, Rev. 0, July. vised Plan for Off-site Treatment of Newport Chemical Agent Disposal Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.: Program Manager for Assembled Facility’s Caustic VX Hydrolysate at DuPont Secure Environmental Chemical Weapons Alternatives. Treatment Facility in Deepwater, New Jersey—Corrected Version, July. BPBGT. 2006a. Operations and Closure Agent-Contaminated Waste Atlanta, Ga.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Disposal Estimate Summary Report, BGCAPP WP-045, Revision 0, CDCAB (Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board). Undated. December 28. Richmond, Ky.: Bechtel Parsons Blue Grass Team. Recommendations of the KY CDCAB to ACWA on Design Con- BPBGT. 2006b. Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant Re- sideration # 34: Off-site Shipment of Agent and Energetic Hydroly- source Conservation and Recovery Act Research, Development and sate. Richmond, Ky.: Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Demonstration Permit Application, Volume II, Revision 3, September. Board. Available online at http://www.pmacwa.army.mil/ky/activities.htm. Last CDCAB. 2007. Recommendations for Treatment of Non-Contaminated accessed January 30, 2008. Rocket Motors, October 8. Richmond, Ky.: Chemical Destruction Com- BPBGT. 2007. Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant Re- munity Advisory Board. source Conservation and Recovery Act Research, Development and CDCAB. 2008. Kentucky Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Demonstration Permit Application, Volume I, Revision 4, June. Avail- Board Recommendation on Operation Swift Solution, January 15. Rich- able online at http://www.pmacwa.army.mil/ky/activities.htm. Last mond, Ky.: Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board. accessed January 30, 2008. Chieftain (Pueblo Chieftain). 2008. Let’s Roll—Editorial, February 9. Avail- BPT (Bechtel Pueblo Team). 2004. Initial Design for the Pueblo Chemical able online at http://www.chieftain.com/shared-content/search/index. Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP) Project, Rev. A—redacted for php?search=go&d1=01-01-2008&d2=05-18-2008&q=editorials&o= release to NRC, January 16. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.: Program 100. Last accessed May 27, 2008. Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives. Creasy, W.R., M.D. Brickhouse, K.M. Morrissey, J.R. Stuff, R.L. Chei- BPT. 2007. Final Report of Integrated Product Team (IPT) #10 on Secondary cante, J. Ruth, J. Mays, B.R. Williams, R. O’Connor, and H.D. Durst. and Closure Waste Treatment, Including Supplemental Decontamination 1999. Analysis of chemical weapons decontamination waste from old Units (SDUs) and Autoclaves, Rev. B, February 22. Aberdeen Proving ton containers from Johnston Atoll using multiple analytical methods. Ground, Md.: Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Environmental Science & Technology 33(13): 2157-2162. Alternatives. Crow, J., A. Dooley, R. Vincent, M. Joyner, R. Zangerl, K. Flood, C. Wil- Bizzigotti, G.O., M.A. Berger, T.C. Cain, D.J. Cleaves, C. Gomolka, E.W. liams, T. Lampkin, C. King, S. Brown, P. Conroy, G. Liptak, H. Burgess, Hughitt, D.M. Ligon, P.K. McDonald, R.P. Rhoads, and A.R. Wuster- M. Hudson, J. Capillo, E. Weyhrauch, L. Koplovitz, S. Fomichov, S. barth. 2006. Analysis of Off-Site Treatment of Hydrolysates from Hawkins, and C. Hinds. 1992. The International Citizens’ Accord on Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Mitretek Report MTR 2006- Chemical Weapons Disposal, November. Berea, Ky.: Chemical Weapons 22, October. Falls Church, Va.: Mitretek Systems. Working Group. Brickhouse, M.D., B. Williams, D. McGarvey, H.D. Durst, and R.J. Dejarme, L., and G.D. Lecakes. 2008. Bench-Scale Evaluation of VX O’Connor. 1998. Coupling reactions between dialkylcarbodiimides, H ­ ydrolysis, TRRP #11, Test Report, Rev. 0. Aberdeen Proving phosphonates, and thiols. Pp. 617-623 in Proceedings of the ERDEC Ground, Md.: Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Scientific Conference on Chemical and Biological Defense Research. Alternatives. Report number ECBC-SP-004. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., Edge- DuPont (E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company). 2004. DuPont Techni- wood Chemical and Biological Center, U.S. Army Soldier and Biologi- cal Assessment on U.S. Army Newport (Indiana) Project: Executive cal Chemical Command. Summary, March 3. Wilmington, Del.: E.I. duPont de Nemours and CAC (Colorado Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commis- Company. sion). Undated. Recommendations from the Colorado Chemical De- EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. RCRA Hazardous militarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission to PMACWA Concerning Waste Identification Training Module, 40 CFR 261, September. Wash- Acceleration Options for the Destruction of Chemical Weapons Stored ington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency. at the Pueblo Chemical Depot. Available online at http://www.cdphe. EPA. 2007. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical state.co.us/hm/pcd/cac/aowg/accelerationoptions.pdf. Last accessed Methods, Revision 6, February 2007. Washington, D.C.: Environmental March 13, 2008. Protection Agency. 53

54 Review of secondary waste disposal Planning FOCIS (FOCIS Associates, Inc.). 2003. Analysis of Impacts of Off-Site PMACWA. 2007b. Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Disposal Options for the Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant Commission Members 2007. Available online at http://www.pmacwa. (PCAPP), July 25. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.: Program Manager army.mil/ky/ip/dl/acwa_cac_roster.pdf. Last accessed June 3, 2008. for Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives. PMACWA. 2008a. Fact Sheet: Planning for Treatment or Disposal of Sec- Malloy IV, T.A., L. Dejarme, C. Fricker, J. Guinan, G.D. Lecakes, and A. ondary Wastes (Blue Grass), January 22. Richmond, Ky.: Blue Grass Shaffer. 2007. Bench-Scale Evaluation of GB Hydrolysis, TRRP #02a Chemical Stockpile Outreach Office. Phase II, Test Report, Rev 0. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.: Program PMACWA. 2008b. Fact Sheet: Planning for Treatment or Disposal of Sec- Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives. ondary Wastes (Pueblo), January 22. Pueblo, Colo.: Pueblo Chemical NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Analysis of Engineering Design Depot Outreach Office. Studies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Pueblo PMACWA. 2008c. Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant Public Chemical Depot. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Outreach and Involvement Strategy, 2008, Draft. Pueblo, Colo.: Pueblo NRC. 2002a. Analysis of Engineering Design Studies for Demilitarization Chemical Depot Outreach Office. of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Blue Grass Army Depot. Washing- Shannon, R. 2008. Seeking a swift solution: Nerve agent leak topic of com- ton, D.C.: The National Academies Press. munity discussion. Available online at http://www.richmondregister. NRC. 2002b. Closure and Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System. com/archivesearch/local_story_016080716.html. Last accessed May Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 16, 2008. NRC. 2005a. Interim Design Assessment for the Pueblo Chemical Agent U.S. Army. 2002. Record of Decision, Chemical Stockpile Disposal Project, Destruction Pilot Plant. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Destruction of the Chemical Agents and Munitions Stored at Pueblo Press. Chemical Depot, Colorado, July 18. Available online at http://www. NRC. 2005b. Interim Design Assessment for the Blue Grass Chemical pmacwa.army.mil/co/ip/dl/acwa_pueblo_rod.pdf. Last accessed May Agent Destruction Pilot Plant. Washington, D.C.: The National Acad- 8, 2008. emies Press. U.S. Army. 2004. Implementation Guidance Policy for Revised Airborne NRC. 2007. Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Exposure Limits for GB, GA, GD, GF, VX, H, HD, and HT, June 18. Regulatory Requirements. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Washington, D.C: Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Press. Installations and Environment. NRC. 2008. Review and Assessment of Developmental Issues Concerning Usinowicz, P.J., E.C. Burckle, B.K. Fahey, J.A. Ford, G.D. Lecakes, and Metal Parts Treater Design for the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruc- R.K. Smith. 2005. Bench-Scale Evaluation of H and HD Hydrolysis Rev. tion Pilot Plant. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. 0, Final Report. BGCAPP TRRP #02b. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.: PMACWA (Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Alterna- U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency. tives). 2003. Transportation Risk Assessment: Options for the Offsite Vincent, R. 2005. Design Options Working Group Report to the Colorado Shipment and Disposal of Residual Wastes from the Destruction of Citizens’ Advisory Commission, June 29. Available online at http:// Chemical Weapons at the Pueblo Chemical Depot, April. www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/pcd/cac/pcdcacrecstodod.pdf. Last accessed PMACWA. 2006. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Research, May 27, 2008. Development, and Demonstration Stage III, Class 3 Permit Modifica- Yang, Y.-C., L.L. Szafraniec, W.T. Beaudry, and D.K. Rohrbaugh. 1997. tion Request for: The Department of the Army Assembled Chemical Characterization of HD heels and the degradation of HD in ton contain- Weapons Alternatives Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant, ers. Pp. 353-360 in Proceedings of the 1996 Scientific Conference on Revision 0. Available online at http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/pcd/ Chemical and Biological Defense Research. Aberdeen Proving Ground, rdd/phase3mod/061130sec1.pdf. Last accessed May 8, 2008. Aberdeen Md.: Edgewood Research and Development Engineering Center. Proving Ground, Md.: Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Yang, Y.-C., L.L. Szafraniec, W.T. Beaudry, and J.R. Ward. 1988. Kinetics Weapons Alternatives. and mechanism of the hydrolysis of 2-chloroethyl sulfides. Journal of PMACWA. 2007a. Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board Organic Chemistry 53(14): 3293-3297. – December 2007. Available online at http://www.pmacwa.army.mil/ky/ Yang, Y.-C. 1999. Chemical detoxification of nerve agent VX. Accounts of ip/dl/acwa_cdcab_mailing_roster.pdf. Last accessed June 3, 2008. Chemical Research 32(2): 109-115.

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The U.S. Army Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives (PMACWA) is charged with disposing of chemical weapons as stored at two sites: Pueblo, Colorado, and Blue Grass, Kentucky. In accordance with congressional mandates, technologies other than incineration are to be used if they are as safe and as cost effective. The weapons are to be disposed of in compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention. Although an element of the U.S. Army, the PMACWA is responsible to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisitions, Technology, and Logistics for completing this mission.

This book deals with the expected significant quantities of secondary wastes that will be generated during operations of the facilities and their closure. While there are only estimates for the waste quantities that will be generated, they provide a good basis for planning and developing alternatives for waste disposal while the plants are still in the design phase. Establishing efficient disposal options for the secondary wastes can enable more timely and cost-effective operation and closure of the facilities.

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