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OCR for page 125
Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies — A Focus on Hydrogen
Appendix D
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ABE acetone-butanol-ethanol
AEO Annual Energy Outlook
AER all-electric range
Cd coefficient of drag
CAFE corporate average fuel economy
CCS carbon capture and sequestration
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
CRP Conservation Reserve Program
CVA camless valve actuation
CVT continuously variable transmission
DME dimethyl ether
DNGR distributed natural gas reforming
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DSMR distributed steam methane reforming
DWE distributed water electrolysis
EEG Renewable Energy Resources Act (Germany)
EIA Energy Information Administration
EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPACT Energy Policy Act of 2005
EV electric vehicle
FC fuel cell
FCFP FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership
FCV fuel cell vehicle
GDI gasoline direct injection
GHG greenhouse gas
GIS geographic information system
GW gigawatt
HCCI homogeneous-charge compression ignition
HEV hybrid electric vehicle
HFC hydrofluorocarbon
HFCV hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
HICEV hydrogen-powered ICEV
ICE internal combustion engine
ICEV internal combustion engine vehicle
IEA International Energy Agency
IGCC integrated gasification-combined cycle
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISO International Organization for Standardization
kWh kilowatt-hour
LCC life-cycle cost
LDV light-duty vehicle
LNG liquefied natural gas
MCFC molten carbonate fuel cell
MEA membrane electrode assembly
mpg miles per gallon
mpgge miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent
MPR maximum practicable rate of penetration
MTG methanol to gasoline
NEMS National Energy Modeling System
NOx nitrogen oxides
NRC National Research Council
OEM original equipment manufacturer
PEM proton exchange membrane
PFC perfluorocarbon
PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
ppm parts per million
PTC production tax credit
PUC public utility commission
PV photovoltaic
OCR for page 126
Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies — A Focus on Hydrogen
R&D research and development
RD&D research, development, and demonstration
RPS renewable portfolio standard
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers (now SAE International)
SMR steam methane reformer
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
SUV sport utility vehicle
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
VEETC Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit
VMT vehicle-miles traveled
VVT variable valve timing
WTW well to wheel
ZEV zero emissions vehicle