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Appendix C Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics of the Statistical Commission of the United Nations [The text below is excerpted from the report of the Statistical Commission on its Special Session, held in New York City, April 11-15, 1994. Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1994, Supplement No. 9.] Action taken by the Commission 59. The Commission adopted the fundamental principles of official statis- tics as set out in ECE decision C (47), but incorporating a revised preamble. The preamble and principles, as adopted, are set out below: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF OFFICIAL STATISTICS The Statistical Commission, Bearing in mind that official statistical information is an essential basis for development in the economic, demographic, social and environmental fields and for mutual knowledge and trade among the States and peoples of the world, Bearing in mind that the essential trust of the public in official statistical information depends to a large extent on respect for the fundamental values and principles which are the basis of any society which seeks to understand itself and to respect the rights of its members, 0

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0 PRiNCiPLES AND PRACTiCES FOR A FEDERAL STATiSTiCAL AGENCy Bearing in mind that the quality of official statistics, and thus the quality of the information available to the Government, the economy and the public depends largely on the cooperation of citizens, enterprises, and other respondents in providing appropriate and reliable data needed for necessary statistical compilations and on the cooperation between users and producers of statistics in order to meet users’ needs, Recalling the efforts of governmental and non-governmental organizations active in statistics to establish standards and concepts to allow comparisons among countries, Recalling also the International Statistical Institute Declaration of Profes- sional Ethics, Having expressed the opinion that resolution C (47), adopted by the Economic Commission for Europe on 15 April 1992, is of universal significance, Noting that, at its eighth session, held at Bangkok in November 1993, the Working Group of Statistical Experts, assigned by the Committee on Statistics of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific to examine the Fundamental Principles, had agreed in principle to the ECE version and had emphasized that those principles were applicable to all nations, Noting also that, at its eighth session, held at Addis Ababa in March 1994, the Joint Conference of African Planners, Statisticians and Demographers, considered that the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics are of universal significance, Adopts the present principles of official statistics: 1. Official statistics provide an indispensable element in the information system of a democratic society, serving the Government, the economy and the public with data about the economic, demographic, social and environmental situation. To this end, official statistics that meet the test of practical utility are to be compiled and made available on an impartial basis by official statistical agencies to honour citizens’ entitlement to public information.

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0 APPENDiX C 2. To retain trust in official statistics, the statistical agencies need to de- cide according to strictly professional considerations, including scientific principles and professional ethics, on the methods and procedures for the collection, processing, storage and presentation of statistical data. 3. To facilitate a correct interpretation of the data, the statistical agencies are to present information according to scientific standards on the sources, methods and procedures of the statistics. 4. The statistical agencies are entitled to comment on erroneous interpreta- tion and misuse of statistics. 5. Data for statistical purposes may be drawn from all types of sources, be they statistical surveys or administrative records. Statistical agencies are to choose the source with regard to quality, timeliness, costs and the burden on respondents. 6. Individual data collected by statistical agencies for statistical compilation, whether they refer to natural or legal persons, are to be strictly confidential and used exclusively for statistical purposes. 7. The laws, regulations and measures under which the statistical systems operate are to be made public. 8. Coordination among statistical agencies within countries is essential to achieve consistency and efficiency in the statistical system. 9. The use by statistical agencies in each country of international concepts, classifications and methods promotes the consistency and efficiency of sta- tistical systems at all official levels. 10. Bilateral and multilateral cooperation in statistics contributes to the improvement of systems of official statistics in all countries.