Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

1.1 million US troops have served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 806,964 Army personnel (including 146,655 in the Army National Guard and 74,461 in the Army Reserve), 194,401 Marine Corps personnel, 30,868 Navy personnel (including 7,028 reservists), and 70,136 Air Force personnel (Stars and Stripes, 2008). Tables 2-1 and 2-2 summarize the demographics of the US military population, including reservists¹ and family members.

TABLE 2-1 Demographic Profile of the Military Population

	Army	Navy	Marine Corps	Air Force
Active duty	502,790	345,098	180,252	344,529
Reserve^a	189,975	70,500	39,489	74,075
Guard^a	346,288	—	—	105,658
Total	1,039,053	415,598	219,741	524,262
Dependents	About 1,400,000	About 580,000	About 200,000	About 760,000
Female Personnel (% of total service)
Active duty	14.0	14.5	6.2	19.7
Reserve^a	23.3	20.3	4.7	23.9
Guard^a	13.5	—	—	18.0
Total	15.5	15.5	5.9	19.9
Minority-Group Personnel (% of total service)
Black	18.6	17.3	9.9	13.4
Hispanic	9.8	12.4	13.0	5.7
Asian	3.2	6.4	3.2	3.6
American Indian	0.9	3.7	1.8	0.8
White	67.4	60.1	72.1	76.4

Ready reserve only; for the purposes of this report, the standby and retired reserve components of all military branches have been excluded. All demographics for reserve and National Guard members are reported only for the selected reserve, that is, those members of the ready reserve who train throughout the year and participate in annual active-duty training exercises. Demographic profiles of the individual ready reserve and the inactive National Guard—the other two components of the ready reserve—were not available.

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R12

SUMMARY 1-18

1 INTRODUCTION 19-30

2 SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM 31-78

3 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TOBACCO USE 79-114

4 TOBACCO-CONTROL PROGRAMS:EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES 115-196

5 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TOBACCO-CONTROL ACTIVITIES 197-262

6 DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS TOBACCO CONTROL ACTIVITIES 263-306

7 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 307-326

APPENDIX A: EFFECTIVE TOBACCO-CONTROL PROGRAMS 327-338

APPENDIX B: DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TOBACCO USE PREVENTION STRATEGIC PLAN, 1999 339-346

INDEX 347-368