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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12658.
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Page 281
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12658.
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Page 282

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Appendix B Acronyms AGI acute gastrointestinal illness AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome BOD biochemical oxygen demand CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CSTE Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists CWS community water systems DALY disability-adjusted life year DFBMD Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases DOC dissolved organic carbon DPD diethyl-p-phenylenediamine DPH Wisconsin Division of Public Health ENSO El Niño–Southern Oscillation EPA Environmental Protection Agency FDA Food and Drug Administration GIS geographic information sciences GPM gallons per minute HIV human immunodeficiency virus HPC heterotrophic plate count 281

282 GLOBAL ISSUES IN WATER, SANITATION, AND HEALTH HUS hemolytic uremic syndrome ICC integrated cell culture IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JMP Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation MDG Millennium Development Goal MFC microbial fuel cell MHD Milwaukee Health Department MOE Ministry of Environment (Canada) MOH Medical Officer of Health (Canada) MWW Milwaukee Water Works NCZVED National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne and Enteric Diseases NGO nongovernmental organization NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH National Institutes of Health NRC National Research Council NTU nephelometric turbidity unit OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PAHO Pan American Health Organization PCR polymerase chain reaction PET polyethylene terephthalate PUC Walkerton Public Utilities Commission SAC Spills Action Centre (Canada) SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition system SCID severe combined immunodeficient TCR Total Coliform Rule TCRDSAC Total Coliform Rule/Distribution System Advisory Committee UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UV ultraviolet WBDOSS Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System WHO World Health Organization

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Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health: Workshop Summary Get This Book
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As the human population grows--tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water--Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet.

Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.

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