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Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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Page 145
Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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Page 146
Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
×
Page 147
Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
×
Page 148
Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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Page 149
Suggested Citation:"E Committee Biographical Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12749.
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E Committee Biographical Information Lawrence O. Gostin, J.D., LL.D. (Hon.) (Chair), is an internationally acclaimed scholar in law and public health. He is associate dean (Research and Academic Programs) and the Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, where he directs the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. Dean Gostin is also professor of public health at the Johns Hopkins University and director of the Center for Law & the Public’s Health at Johns Hopkins and Georgetown Universities—a Collaborating Center of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). He is the health law and ethics editor, contributing writer, and columnist for the Journal of the American Medical Association. In 2007, the Director General of the World Health Organization appointed Dean Gostin to the International Health Regulations Roster of Experts and the Expert Advisory Panel on Mental Health. Dean Gostin is a member of the Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Sciences, and serves on the Board on Health Sciences Policy and the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law. He has previously chaired committees on health information privacy, genomics, and prisoner research. In the United Kingdom, he was the legal director of the National Association for Mental Health, director of the National Council of Civil Liberties (the U.K. equivalent of the ACLU), and a Fellow at Oxford University. He helped draft the current Mental Health Act (England and Wales) and brought several landmark cases before the European Commission and Court of Human Rights. Dean Gostin has led major U.S. law reform initiatives, including the drafting of the Model Emergency Health Powers Act to combat bioterrorism and the “Turning Point” Model State Public Health Act. He 141

142 CRISIS STANDARDS OF CARE GUIDANCE is also leading a drafting team on developing a Model Public Health Law for the World Health Organization. Dan Hanfling, M.D. (Vice Chair), is special advisor to the Inova Health System in Falls Church, VA, on matters related to emergency preparedness and disaster response. He is a board-certified emergency physician practicing at Inova Fairfax Hospital, Northern Virginia’s Level 1 trauma center. He serves as an operational medical director for PHI Air Medical Group—Virginia, the largest private rotor-wing air medevac service in Virginia, and has responsibilities as a medical team manager for Virginia Task Force One, an international urban search and rescue team sanctioned by FEMA and USAID. He has been involved in the response to international and domestic disasters, including the Izmit, Turkey, earthquake in 1999; the Pentagon terrorism incident on September 11, 2001; Hurricanes Rita and Katrina in 2005; and Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008. Dr. Hanfling was intricately involved in the management of the response to the anthrax bioterrorism mailings in the fall of 2001, when two cases of inhalational anthrax were successfully diagnosed at Inova Fairfax Hospital. Dr. Hanfling received an A.B. in Political Science from Duke University and was awarded his M.D. from Brown University. He completed an internship in Internal Medicine at the Miriam Hospital in Providence, RI, and an Emergency Medicine Residency at George Washington and Georgetown University Hospitals. He is a clinical professor of Emergency Medicine at George Washington University and an invited member of the George Mason University School of Public Policy Advisory Board. Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H., was named the 16th director of the Illinois Department of Public Health on October 1, 2007. Prior to his current position, Dr. Arnold was the medical director for bioterrorism and preparedness for the Chicago Department of Public Health. During his professional career, he was also medical director for St. Francis Hospital, Blue Island, IL; LTV Steel Company in Indiana; and Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago. He has served in the Army National Guard for 25 years, holds the rank of Colonel and currently is the Guard’s commander of the Joint Task Force Medical Command in Springfield and the Illinois State Surgeon. Over the years, he has had a distinguished military career and received many military awards, including Army Commendation, National Defense Service and Humanitarian Service medals. He has served missions to Iraq, Kuwait,

APPENDIX E 143 Central America, South America, Africa, and Europe, as well as participated in relief efforts for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. He was the American Red Cross Military Hero of the Year for 2007. Dr. Arnold received his M.D. and M.P.H. degrees from the University of Illinois, and has completed several law courses at DePaul University College of Law. Dr. Arnold chairs the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) Preparedness Policy Committee, sits on the Board of Directors for the American Red Cross of Greater Chicago, and serves as ASTHO Liaison Representative for the Board of Scientific Counselors, Coordinating Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response. Dr. Arnold also holds associate professorships at the University of Illinois School of Public Health, the University of Illinois Medical School, and the Southern Illinois Medical School. Stephen V. Cantrill, M.D., FACEP, is an emergency physician from Denver, CO, who recently retired from serving as the associate director of Emergency Medicine at Denver Health Medical Center for 18 years. He was also the director of the Colorado BNICE WMD Training Program at Denver Health for more than 5 years. Dr. Cantrill has lectured nationally and internationally on many topics, including weapons of mass destruction, disasters, and disaster management, and has been involved in disaster management education for more than two decades. He served as the regional medical coordinator for Denver’s participation in Operation TopOff 2000. He has also been involved in weapons of mass destruction training for Colorado and has participated in the planning for multiple mass-gathering events, including the Denver visit by the Pope and the Denver Summit of Eight world economic conference. He has testified at U.S. Senate Committee hearings on bioterrorism preparedness. He recently served as the principal investigator on an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) regional surge capacity grant and the AHRQ HAvBED national bed availability project. He also served as principal investigator on the AHRQ disaster alternate care facility task order. Dr. Cantrill has more than 90 publications to his credit and has been the recipient of multiple teaching and clinical excellence awards. Brooke Courtney, J.D., M.P.H., is an associate at the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC. Ms. Courtney’s research focuses on public health and hospital preparedness, legal preparedness, and mass dispensing of medical countermeasures. She is an associate editor of the peer-reviewed

144 CRISIS STANDARDS OF CARE GUIDANCE journal, Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, and editor of the journal’s Legal Perspectives column. Prior to joining the Center, Ms. Courtney served as director of the Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response for the Baltimore City Health Department, where she provided oversight of the city’s responses to public health emergencies. Previously, she worked on surge capacity and pandemic influenza planning with the University of Maryland Center for Health and Homeland Security. She has also worked as a Law Fellow for the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and for the Public Health Division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the General Counsel, as well as a Law Clerk in the Health Fraud Division of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Maryland. In addition, Ms. Courtney has worked on international relations and disaster response at the American Red Cross national headquarters; on outcomes research at Pfizer Inc.; on issues related to healthcare coverage at the Maryland Health Care Commission; and on tobacco control, obesity, and health disparities issues. Ms. Courtney received her J.D. and certificate in health law from the University of Maryland School of Law and is admitted to practice in Maryland. She received her M.P.H. from Yale University, and is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Colorado at Boulder. Asha Devereaux, M.D., M.P.H., is a pulmonary/critical care physician in private practice in Coronado, CA. Dr. Devereaux has 11 years of training and service with the U.S. Navy and formerly served as the intensive care unit director on the isolation unit of the USNS Mercy Hospital ship. She currently serves as a Steering Committee Member for the American College of Chest Physicians Disaster Response Network. Dr. Devereaux has spearheaded a national conference on disaster preparedness, has published on the topic, and presently serves on the California State Board of the American Lung Association. Dr. Devereaux is also president of the California Thoracic Society and the lead physician advisor of the San Diego Medical Reserve Corps. Dr. Devereaux received her undergraduate education at the University of California–San Diego, followed by her M.D./M.P.H. from Tulane University. Edward J. Gabriel, M.P.A., AEMT-P, is director, Global Crisis Management, for The Walt Disney Company, and is responsible for the development and implementation of global policy, planning, training,

APPENDIX E 145 and exercises to manage crises for The Walt Disney Company. He is also responsible for East and West Coast Medical and Emergency Medical Operations and the Walt Disney Studio’s Fire Department. He supports and collaborates with global business units in development and testing of resumption planning, and develops policies and strategies to manage crises. Mr. Gabriel has been an emergency medical technician (EMT) since 1973 and was a 27-year paramedic veteran of the New York City Fire Department’s Emergency Medical Service. He rose through the ranks from EMT to paramedic through lieutenant and retired at the level of assistant chief/division commander. As deputy commissioner for planning and preparedness at the New York City Office of Emergency Management, he served as commissioner for all preparedness and planning-related projects and initiatives. During his role with New York City, he was a member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation/New York City Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF), and still sits on the International Advisory Board of the Journal of Emergency Care, Rescue and Transportation. He has worked with The Joint Commission, sitting on the Emergency Preparedness Roundtable as well as the Community Linkages in Bioterrorism Preparedness Expert Panel. He served as a member of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Federal Contingency Medical Facility Working Group and the AHRQ Expert Panel on Mass Casualty Medical Care. Most recently he has worked with the AHRQ expert panel as principal author of the prehospital chapter of the Providing Mass Medical Care with Scarce Resources: Community Planning Guide and with the U.S. Department of Defense, General George C. Marshall School of International Studies Program on Terrorism and Security Studies, located in Garmisch- Partenkirchen, Germany, presenting on methodologies for planning and preparedness for international leaders. He is credentialed through the International Association of Emergency Managers as a Certified Emergency Manager and the Disaster Recovery Institute International as a Certified Business Continuity Professional. Mr. Gabriel holds a B.A. from the College of New Rochelle and an M.P.A. from Rutgers University. Mr. Gabriel continues to lecture nationally and internationally on crisis management, business continuity, emergency management, planning and preparedness, WMD, terrorism, and emergency medical topics. John L. Hick, M.D., is a faculty emergency physician at Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) and an associate professor of

146 CRISIS STANDARDS OF CARE GUIDANCE Emergency Medicine at the University of Minnesota. He serves as the associate medical director for Hennepin County Emergency Medical Services and Medical Director for Emergency Preparedness at HCMC. He is medical advisor to the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Medical Response System. He also serves the Minnesota Department of Health as the medical director for both the Office of Emergency Preparedness and Hospital Bioterrorism Preparedness. He is the founder and past chair of the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Hospital Compact, a 29-hospital mutual aid and planning group active since 2002. He is involved at many levels of planning for surge capacity and adjusted standards of care and traveled to Greece to assist in healthcare system preparations for the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of a 15-member CDC/HHS team. He is a national speaker on hospital preparedness issues and has published numerous papers dealing with hospital preparedness for contaminated casualties, personal protective equipment, and surge capacity. James G. Hodge, Jr., J.D., LL.M., is the Lincoln Professor of Health Law and Ethics at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law and Fellow, Center for the Study of Law, Science, and Technology, at Arizona State University (ASU). He is also a senior scholar at the Centers for Law and the Public’s Health: A Collaborative at Johns Hopkins and Georgetown Universities and current president of the Public Health Law Association. Prior to joining ASU in August 2009, he was a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; adjunct professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center; executive director of the Centers for Law and the Public’s Health; and a core faculty member of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics. Through his scholarly and applied work, Professor Hodge delves into multiple areas of public health law, global health law, ethics, and human rights. The recipient of the 2006 Henrik L. Blum Award for Excellence in Health Policy from the American Public Health Association, he has drafted (with others) several public health law reform initiatives, including the Model State Public Health Information Privacy Act, the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, the Turning Point Model State Public Health Act, and the Uniform Emergency Volunteer Health Practitioners Act. His diverse, funded projects include work on (1) the legal framework underlying the use of volunteer health professionals during emergencies; (2) the compilation, study, and analysis of state genetics laws and policies as part of a multiyear National Institutes of Health-funded project; (3) historical and legal bases underlying school vaccination

APPENDIX E 147 programs; (4) international tobacco policy for the World Health Organization’s Tobacco Free Initiative; (5) legal and ethical distinctions between public health practice and research; (6) legal underpinnings of partner notification and expedited partner therapies; and (7) public health law case studies in multiple states. He is a national expert on public health information privacy law and ethics, having consulted with HHS, CDC, FDA, CMS, OHRP, APHA, CSTE, APHL, and others on privacy issues. Donna E. Levin, J.D., is the general counsel for the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Prior to her appointment in 1988, Ms. Levin served as a deputy general counsel and concentrated in several different areas of health law, including determination of need, long-term care and hospital regulation, and environmental health. In her current role, she manages the Office of General Counsel and advises the Commissioner of Public Health and senior staff on all legal aspects concerning the implementation of Department responsibilities pursuant to statutory and regulatory authority; major policy initiatives of the Department; and legislation affecting the Department’s interests. Most recently, Ms. Levin has focused on the expansion of newborn screening services in Massachusetts; the review and analysis of the Massachusetts Law on Genetics and Privacy; implementation of the Health Insurance Consumer Protections Law; issues of public health authority and emergency response; and legal oversight of eight professional health boards. Ms. Levin is a member of the Health Law Section Steering Committee of the Boston Bar Association. She holds a B.A. from the State University of New York at Stony Brook and a J.D. from Northeastern University School of Law. Marianne Matzo, Ph.D., GNP-BC, FPCN, FAAN, is professor and Endowed Ziegler Chair in Palliative Care Nursing in the College of Nursing and adjunct professor, Department of Geriatric Medicine, at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Dr. Matzo is director of the Sooner Palliative Care Institute, through which research is conducted to ensure the delivery of high-quality care and to educate health professionals. She has received research funding from the American Cancer Society and the Oncology Nursing Society to conduct research related to sexual health issues in the palliative care population. She was a 2008 Recipient of the Project on Death in America Nursing Leadership Award in Palliative Care sponsored by the Hospice and Palliative Nurses

148 CRISIS STANDARDS OF CARE GUIDANCE Foundation. Dr. Matzo is a nationally and internationally recognized palliative care educator who has developed and taught educational programs in Japan, Russia, and Serbia. In addition, Dr. Matzo is a three- time winner of the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year award. Dr. Matzo has published in numerous peer-reviewed publications and is involved in ongoing work in disaster planning for situations in which there are scarce resources. Cheryl A. Peterson, M.S.N., R.N., is the director of Nursing Practice and Policy at the American Nurses Association (ANA). Prior to that, she was a senior policy fellow for the ANA, responsible for researching and developing association policy related to preparing for and responding to a disaster, whether manmade or natural. Since 1998, Ms. Peterson has been actively involved in disaster planning at the federal level. In addition, she coordinated the ANA’s response to the tsunami in Southeast Asia and to hurricanes during the 2005 U.S. hurricane season. Ms. Peterson spent 13 years in the Reserve Army Nurse Corps and in 1990 was deployed during Desert Storm. She also spent 7 years as an active volunteer in the Kensington, MD, Volunteer Fire Department. Ms. Peterson received her B.S.N. from the University of Cincinnati and her M.S.N. from Georgetown University. Tia Powell, M.D., is director of the Montefiore-Einstein Center for Bioethics and a faculty member at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Montefiore Medical Center in New York. She served from 2004 to 2008 as executive director of the New York State Task Force on Life and the Law and from 1992 to 1998 as director of Clinical Ethics at Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital in New York City. She is a graduate of Harvard-Radcliffe College and Yale Medical School. She did her psychiatric internship, residency, and a fellowship in Consultation- Liaison Psychiatry all at Columbia University, College of P&S, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. She is a Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and of the New York Academy of Medicine and a member of the American Society of Bioethics and Humanities. In 2007, she co-chaired the New York State Department of Health’s workgroup to develop guidelines for allocating ventilators during a flu pandemic. Merritt Schreiber, Ph.D., is senior manager for Psychological Programs and associate research psychologist in the Center for Public Health and

APPENDIX E 149 Disasters, School of Public Health at the University of California–Los Angeles Center for the Health Sciences. Dr. Schreiber’s current academic work is focused on the development of public health approaches to the mental health consequences of catastrophic events. He has developed the first known disaster mental-health rapid-triage system, “PsySTART,” for the American Red Cross and Los Angeles County Level 1 trauma centers. Dr. Schreiber has also developed disaster mental health core competencies for the state of California, a model state plan for mental health response to pandemic influenza, and is currently working on a catastrophic event mental health concept of operations for Los Angeles County. Dr. Schreiber was appointed to the Secretary’s Emergency Public Information and Communications Advisory Board, where he worked on policy recommendations on the risk communications for our nation, and particularly the needs of children and families, for the Secretary of HHS. Dr. Schreiber is also the University of California Office of the President representative to the State of California Department of Public Health Emergency Preparedness Office Joint Advisory Committee, and was a member of the California public health emergency preparedness planning project in this role. Dr. Schreiber was a first responder to Hurricane Katrina during two tours as a reserved commissioned officer with the U.S. Public Health Service and as mental health team lead with California Disaster Medical Assistance Team CA-1, National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), where he was also a member of the NDMS Senior Medical Working Group. He received a presidential citation from the American Psychological Association for his work with victims’ families after 9/11 and received the Outstanding Humanitarian Contribution Award from the California Psychological Association in 2004. Umair A. Shah, M.D., M.P.H., has served as deputy director of Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services (HCPHES) and director of the HCPHES Disease Control & Clinical Prevention Division since 2004. HCPHES is the county health department for the Houston area, offering an array of population-based public health services. Harris County is the third most populous county in the United States (3.98 million), spanning more than 1,700 square miles and encompassing a vastly diverse community. Originally from Cincinnati, OH, Dr. Shah received his undergraduate philosophy degree with an interest in medical ethics from Vanderbilt University. He then went on to obtain his MD from The University of Toledo Health Science Center, where he was also

150 CRISIS STANDARDS OF CARE GUIDANCE selected for an International Health & Public Policy Internship at the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. Shah then completed his residency in Internal Medicine, fellowship in Primary Care/General Medicine, and his M.P.H., all at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Upon completion of training, he served several years as an emergency department attending physician at Houston’s Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center before becoming the chief medical officer at the Galveston County Health District. Dr. Shah’s interests include international and refugee health, emergency/disaster response, and health equity-related work. His large- scale disaster experiences include responses related to Tropical Storm Allison; Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Ike; and the Kashmir earthquake. He currently serves on the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) Health Equity and Social Justice Team, the NACCHO International Public Health Workgroup, and the Board of Directors for the South Asian Public Health Association. He was recently selected to serve on the Second National Consensus Panel on Emergency Preparedness and Cultural Diversity sponsored by the HHS Office of Minority Health. Dr. Shah is a writer who has co-authored many peer- reviewed journal articles in public health and remains engaged in teaching as an adjunct faculty member of the University of Texas School of Public Health. He is board certified in internal medicine, remains active in clinical patient care, and serves as one of the local health authorities for Harris County.

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The influenza pandemic caused by the 2009 H1N1 virus underscores the immediate and critical need to prepare for a public health emergency in which thousands, tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of people suddenly seek and require medical care in communities across the United States.

Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations draws from a broad spectrum of expertise—including state and local public health, emergency medicine and response, primary care, nursing, palliative care, ethics, the law, behavioral health, and risk communication—to offer guidance toward establishing standards of care that should apply to disaster situations, both naturally occurring and man-made, under conditions in which resources are scarce.

This book explores two case studies that illustrate the application of the guidance and principles laid out in the report. One scenario focuses on a gradual-onset pandemic flu. The other scenario focuses on an earthquake and the particular issues that would arise during a no-notice event.

Outlining current concepts and offering guidance, this book will prove an asset to state and local public health officials, health care facilities, and professionals in the development of systematic and comprehensive policies and protocols for standards of care in disasters when resources are scarce. In addition, the extensive operations section of the book provides guidance to clinicians, health care institutions, and state and local public health officials for how crisis standards of care should be implemented in a disaster situation.

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