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School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children (2010)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

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. "7 Recommendations for Nutrient Targets and Meal Requirements for School Meals." School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010.

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School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children

TABLE 7-2 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intake, High School (Ages 14 Through 18 Years)

Nutrient

SM-TMI

Current RDA/AI

Breakfast Targetsa

Lunch Targetsb

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Protein (g)

101.6

49

21.8

12.3

32.5

16.3

Vitamin A (μg RAE)c

867

800

186

200

277

266

Vitamin C (mg)c

121

70

26

18

39

23

Vitamin E (mg αT)

17

15

3.7

3.8

5.4

5.0

Thiamin (mg)c

1.74

1.1

0.37

0.28

0.56

0.37

Riboflavin (mg)c

2.08

1.2

0.45

0.29

0.67

0.38

Niacin (mg)c

22.7

15

4.9

3.8

7.3

5.0

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.97

1.3

0.42

0.33

0.63

0.43

Folate (μg DFE)

640

400

138

100

205

133

Vitamin B12 (μg)

5.1

2.4

1.1

0.6

1.6

0.8

Iron (mg)c

18.4

13.0

4.0

3.3

5.9

4.3

Magnesium (mg)c

459

385

99

96

147

128

Zinc (mg)c

13.5

10.0

2.9

2.5

4.3

3.2

Calcium (mg)

1,504

1,300

323

325

481

416

Phosphorus (mg)

1,787

1,250

384

313

572

400

Potassium (mg)

5,438

4,700

1,169

1,175

1,740

1,504

Sodium (mg)

2,300d

1,500

≤ 495d

375e

≤ 736d

480e

Linoleic Acid (g)

14.1

13.5

3.0

3.4

4.5

4.3

α-Linolenic Acid (g)

1.41

1.4

0.30

0.34

0.45

0.43

Fiber (g)c

33.5

32.0

7.2

8.0

10.7

10.7

NOTES: AIs are presented in italics. AI = Adequate Intake; αT = α-tocopherol; d = day; DFE = dietary folate equivalent; g = gram; kg = kilogram; mg = milligram; RAE = retinol activity equivalents; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance; SM-TMI = School Meal-Target Median Intake; μg = microgram; y = years.

aNutrient Targets based on 21.5 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 25 percent of the RDA or AI.

bNutrient Targets based on 32 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 33.3 percent of the RDA or AI.

cRDA/AI expressed as mean for males and females.

dTargets for sodium, which are based on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level, are for the year 2020.

eValues for sodium are based on the AI for sodium

SOURCE:

*IOM, 2006.

intent to reduce the prevalence of inadequate intakes of nutrients2 among schoolchildren (Criterion 1 in Box 2-2) rather than simply ensure that the mean intake equals the RDA.3 In choosing Nutrient Targets that are high

2

That is, a low prevalence of intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement.

3

Although intake at the RDA should result in a low probability of inadequacy for a given individual, mean intake at the RDA for a group of people does not usually result in a low

Page
119
Front Matter (R1-R14)
Summary (1-18)
1 Introduction and Background (19-32)
2 Foundation for Revising Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements (33-46)
3 Schoolchildren's Food and Nutrient Intakes and Related Health Concerns (47-68)
4 Process for Developing the Nutrient Targets (69-90)
5 Process for Developing the Meal Requirements (91-106)
6 Iterations - Achieving the Best Balance of Nutrition, Student Acceptance, Practicality, and Cost (107-114)
7 Recommendations for Nutrient Targets and Meal Requirements for School Meals (115-130)
8 Food Cost Implications and Market Effects (131-154)
9 Projected Impact of the Recommended Nutrient Targets and Meal Requirements (155-178)
10 Implementation, Evaluation, and Research (179-208)
11 References (209-220)
Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary (221-228)
Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members (229-236)
Appendix C: Critical Issues for Consideration by the Committee on Nutrition Standards for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs, as Submitted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (237-244)
Appendix D: January 2009 Workshop Agenda and Summary of Public Comments (245-254)
Appendix E: Standards for the Current Food- and Nutrient-Based Menu Planning Approaches (255-258)
Appendix F: Data Used to Calculate Estimated Energy Requirements (259-262)
Appendix G: Data Tables Containing Examples of New SNDA-III Analyses (263-268)
Appendix H: Uses of MyPyramid Food Groups and the MyPyramid Spreadsheet (269-284)
Appendix I: Dietary Intake Data and Calculation of the Target Median Intake for Iron (285-292)
Appendix J: Target Median Intake (TMI) Tables (293-296)
Appendix K: Use of the School Meals Menu Analysis Program (297-304)
Appendix L: Baseline Menus (305-330)
Appendix M: Sample Menus (331-362)
Appendix N: Evidence Considered Related to the Definition for Whole Grain-Rich Foods (363-366)
Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children (367-372)
Appendix P: Comparison of *Dietary Guidelines for Americans* with Recommended Meal Requirements (373-378)
Appendix Q: Regulations Related to the Sodium Content of Foods Labeled "Healthy" (379-380)