School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children

TABLE F-3 Physical Activity Coefficients Corresponding to Physical Activity Levels Used in Calculating the Estimated Energy Intakes of Children Ages 5–18 Years, by Gender

Physical Activity Level	Physical Activity Coefficient
Physical Activity Level	Males	Females
Low active	1.13	1.16
Active	1.26	1.31
SOURCE: IOM, 2006.

TABLE F-4 Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs) for Children Ages 5–18 Years, by Gender

Age	EER (calories)
Age	Male	Female
5	1,658	1,557
6	1,742	1,642
7	1,840	1,719
8	1,931	1,810
9	2,043	1,890
10	2,149	1,972
11	1,985	1,813
12	2,113	1,909
13	2,276	1,992
14	2,459	2,036
15	2,618	2,057
16	2,736	2,059
17	2,796	2,042
18	2,823	2,024
SOURCES: Calculated using EER equations from Appendix Table I-8 of IOM, 2002/2005; median height and weight for age and gender from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts (Kuczmarski et al., 2000); and the physical activity coefficient corresponding to the physical activity level for the age group shown in Table F-3 of this appendix.

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R14

Summary 1-18

1 Introduction and Background 19-32

2 Foundation for Revising Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements 33-46

3 Schoolchildren's Food and Nutrient Intakes and Related Health Concerns 47-68

4 Process for Developing the Nutrient Targets 69-90

5 Process for Developing the Meal Requirements 91-106

6 Iterations - Achieving the Best Balance of Nutrition, Student Acceptance, Practicality, and Cost 107-114

7 Recommendations for Nutrient Targets and Meal Requirements for School Meals 115-130

8 Food Cost Implications and Market Effects 131-154

9 Projected Impact of the Recommended Nutrient Targets and Meal Requirements 155-178

10 Implementation, Evaluation, and Research 179-208

11 References 209-220

Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary 221-228

Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 229-236

Appendix C: Critical Issues for Consideration by the Committee on Nutrition Standards for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs, as Submitted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture 237-244

Appendix D: January 2009 Workshop Agenda and Summary of Public Comments 245-254

Appendix E: Standards for the Current Food- and Nutrient-Based Menu Planning Approaches 255-258

Appendix F: Data Used to Calculate Estimated Energy Requirements 259-262

Appendix G: Data Tables Containing Examples of New SNDA-III Analyses 263-268

Appendix H: Uses of MyPyramid Food Groups and the MyPyramid Spreadsheet 269-284

Appendix I: Dietary Intake Data and Calculation of the Target Median Intake for Iron 285-292

Appendix J: Target Median Intake (TMI) Tables 293-296

Appendix K: Use of the School Meals Menu Analysis Program 297-304

Appendix L: Baseline Menus 305-330

Appendix M: Sample Menus 331-362

Appendix N: Evidence Considered Related to the Definition for Whole Grain-Rich Foods 363-366

Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children 367-372

Appendix P: Comparison of Dietary Guidelines for Americans with Recommended Meal Requirements 373-378

Appendix Q: Regulations Related to the Sodium Content of Foods Labeled "Healthy" 379-380