Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
PRIORITIES FOR THE NATIONAL VACCINE PLAN
Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
OCR for page R2
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract HHSP23320042509XI, Task Order HHSP23320070005T, between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Priorities for the national vaccine plan / Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-309-14653-1 (pbk.)
1. National Vaccine Plan (U.S.) 2. Vaccination—Government policy—United States. I. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan. II. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice.
[DNLM: 1. National Vaccine Plan (U.S.) 2. Vaccines—United States—Guideline. 3. Drug Discovery—United States—Guideline. 4. Immunization Programs—United States—Guideline. QW 805 P958 2010]
RA638.P75 2010
614.4’7—dc22
2010009225
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.
For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu.
Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.
Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2010. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
OCR for page R3
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advising the Nation. Improving Health.
OCR for page R4
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
OCR for page R5
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
COMMITTEE ON REVIEW OF PRIORITIES IN THE NATIONAL VACCINE PLAN
CLAIRE V. BROOME (Chair), Adjunct Professor,
Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
ÉLAINE CHATIGNY, Director General of Communications,
Public Health Agency of Canada, Communications Directorate
JOCELYN GUYER, Co-Executive Director,
Center for Children and Families, Health Policy Institute, Georgetown University
TIMOTHY J. HOFF, Associate Professor of Health Policy and Management,
Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, State University of New York at Albany
GRACE M. LEE, Assistant Professor of Population Medicine and Pediatrics,
Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, and Children’s Hospital Boston
RICHARD MANDSAGER, Chief Executive,
Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage
EDGAR K. MARCUSE, Professor of Pediatrics, Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology,
University of Washington, Schools of Medicine and Public Health;
Associate Medical Director (QI),
Seattle Children’s
A. DAVID PALTIEL, Professor,
Schools of Medicine and Management, Yale University
ARTHUR L. REINGOLD, Edward Penhoet Distinguished Professor of Global Health and Infectious Disease, Associate Dean for Research,
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
DAVID B. REUBEN, Archstone Professor of Medicine, Director,
Multicampus Program in Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
SARA ROSENBAUM, Harold and Jane Hirsh Professor of Health Law and Policy, Chair,
Department of Health Policy, The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services
MILAGRITOS D. TAPIA, Assistant Professor,
Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland
Study Staff
ALINA BACIU, Study Director
AMY GELLER, Program Officer
RAINA SHARMA, Senior Program Assistant
LOUISE JORDAN, Senior Program Assistant (through February 2009)
SANDHYA POLU, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Fellow
ROSE MARIE MARTINEZ, Director,
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
OCR for page R6
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
This page intentionally left blank.
OCR for page R7
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Constance A. Benson, Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego
Glenna Crooks, Strategic Health Policy International, Inc.
Robert Davis, Center for Health Research, Southeast, Kaiser Permanente
R. Gordon Douglas, Jr., Cornell University Medical College
Walter R. Dowdle, Task Force for Global Health
Sean Hennessy, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Lisa Jackson, Group Health Center for Health Studies
Arthur Levin, Center for Medical Consumers
Orin S. Levine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Tracy Lieu, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Medical School
Adel Mahmoud, Princeton University
Poki Namkung, County of Santa Cruz Health Services Agency
OCR for page R8
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
Georges Peter, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
John Robbins, National Institutes of Health
Patricia Stinchfield, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota
David Sundwall, Utah Department of Health
Roy Widdus, Global Health Futures
Peg Willingham, AERAS Global TB Vaccine Foundation
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Linda Rosenstock, Dean, UCLA School of Public Health. Appointed by the National Research Council she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
OCR for page R9
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
Contents
Summary
1
Introduction
17
Charge to the Committee,
17
Methods,
20
General Comments About the 2008 Draft Plan,
21
The Purpose of Immunization,
22
References,
29
1
Development of New and Improved Vaccines
31
Context: The Current State of Vaccine Research and Development,
32
Themes from Information Gathering,
34
Regulatory Enhancements to Support Innovation While Protecting Health,
34
Priority Setting in Vaccine Research and Development,
39
Coordination and Oversight of Vaccine Development,
43
The Meaning of “Vaccine” in the 21st Century,
45
Global Vaccines,
47
References,
48
2
The Safety of Vaccines and Vaccination Practices
51
A Case Study of Vaccine Safety System Functioning,
54
Part I: Components of the 1986 Legislation,
57
Part II: Recommendations About Priority Actions in the Plan,
64
OCR for page R10
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
Concluding Observations,
75
References,
75
3
Informed Vaccine Decision Making
79
The Changing Social Context of Vaccine Communication,
81
A National Vaccine Communication Strategy,
87
References,
93
4
Vaccine Supply and Use
97
Overview of the Nation’s Immunization Services,
98
Framing of Goal 4,
99
Sub-goal 1: Supply,
103
Sub-goal 2: Financing Barriers in the United States,
104
Sub-goal 3: Access and Practice,
108
Sub-goal 4: Information Systems,
110
Sub-goal 5: Public Health Infrastructure,
115
References,
117
5
Vaccines and Global Health
121
Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Landscape,
123
Developing Novel Vaccines,
126
Infrastructure and Capacity to Provide Immunization,
127
Financing Vaccine Development and Purchase,
128
Surveillance,
132
References,
135
6
Coordination
139
Coordination: Essential to Plan Success,
140
Factors Contributing to the Problem,
146
Fixing the Coordination Gap,
149
Concluding Observations,
151
References,
151
OCR for page R11
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
APPENDIXES*
A
Draft Strategic National Vaccine Plan
153
B
Letter to the Committee from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee
239
C
1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (Public Law 99-660)
243
D
Initial Guidance for an Update of the National Vaccine Plan: A Letter Report to the National Vaccine Program Office
273
E
History of Public Engagement at the National Vaccine Program Office
313
F
Agendas of Stakeholder Meetings Held by the Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan (July 2008-June 2009)
317
G
Acronyms
345
H
Committee Biographies
349
*
Appendixes A-F are available on the CD in the back of the book and at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12796. Appendixes G and H are printed in the book and are also available online at the URL provided.
OCR for page R12
Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan
This page intentionally left blank.
