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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan

Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families

Committee on the Initial Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Military Personnel, Veterans, and Their Families

Board on the Health of Select Populations

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. HHSP23320042509XI between the National Academy of Sciences and Department of Defense. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

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IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.

Willing is not enough; we must do.”

—Goethe.

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES


Advising the Nation. Improving Health.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine


The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.


The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.


The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.


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www.national-academies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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COMMITTEE ON THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF READJUSTMENT NEEDS OF MILITARY PERSONNEL, VETERANS, AND THEIR FAMILIES

GEORGE W. RUTHERFORD, MD, (chair) Salvatore Pablo Lucia Professor and Vice Chair,

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics;

Director,

Prevention and Public Health Group, Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco

MARGARITA ALEGRÍA, PhD, Professor,

Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School;

Director,

Center for Multicultural Mental Health Research, Cambridge Health Alliance

DAN G. BLAZER, MD, PhD, J.P. Gibbons Professor of Psychiatry,

Duke University Medical Center

IBOLJA CERNAK, MD, ME, PhD, Medical Director,

Biomedicine Business Area, National Security Technology Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

JOHN D. CORRIGAN, PhD, Professor and Director,

Division of Rehabilitation Psychology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University

RYAN D. EDWARDS, PhD, Assistant Professor of Economics,

Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York;

Faculty Research Fellow,

National Bureau of Economic Research

SANDRO GALEA, MD, DrPH, Gelman Professor and Chair,

Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health

JANICE L. KRUPNICK, PhD, Professor and Director,

Trauma and Loss Program, Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University

RICHARD A. KULKA, PhD, Group Vice President,

Survey Research, Abt Associates Inc.

BENNETT L. LEVENTHAL, MD,

Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, and New York University Child Study Center

SHELLEY MACDERMID WADSWORTH, PhD, Professor of Family Studies; Director,

Center for Families;

Director,

Military Family Research Institute; Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Purdue University

ALAIR MACLEAN, PhD, Assistant Professor,

Department of Sociology, Washington State University

SAMUEL J. POTOLICCHIO, MD, Professor of Neurology,

Department of Neurology, George Washington University Medical Center

SCOTT L. RAUCH, MD, Chair,

Partners Psychiatry and Mental Health;

President and Psychiatrist in Chief,

McLean Hospital;

Professor of Psychiatry,

Harvard Medical School

WILLIAM E. SCHLENGER, PhD, Principal Scientist,

Abt Associates Inc.

ALBERT W. WU, MD, MPH, Professor,

Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health;

Professor of Medicine,

School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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STUDY STAFF

CAROLYN FULCO, Scholar

NAOKO ISHIBE, Senior Program Officer

ROBERTA WEDGE, Senior Program Officer

RENEE WLODARCZYK, Senior Program Associate

PATRICK BAUR, Research Associate

JOE GOODMAN, Senior Program Assistant

NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor

CHRISTIE BELL, Financial Officer

FREDRICK ERDTMANN, Director,

Board on the Health of Select Populations

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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REVIEWERS

This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

William R. Beardslee, Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Boston

Linda Bilmes, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University

John Cawley, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University

Archie R. Clemins, Caribou Technologies, Inc.

Colleen Conway-Welch, School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University

Meredith Kleykamp, Department of Sociology, University of Kansas

Kathryn Kotrla, Texas A&M Health Science Center in Round Rock

John A. Parrish, Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Boston

Penny F. Pierce, University of Michigan School of Nursing

Peter Rosen, University of Arizona Tucson School of Medicine

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of the report was overseen by James S. House, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Appointed by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of the report rests entirely with the author committee and the institution.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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CONTENTS

 

 

PREFACE

 

xiii

 

 

ACRONYMS

 

xv

 

 

SUMMARY

 

1

   

 Background

 

1

   

 Statement of Task

 

2

   

 Committee’s Approach to its Charge

 

2

   

 Findings and Recommendations

 

3

   

 Phase 2

 

8

1

 

INTRODUCTION

 

13

   

 Background

 

14

   

 Statement of Task

 

14

   

 Committee’s Approach to Its Charge

 

14

   

 Organization of the Report

 

16

   

 References

 

16

2

 

OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM AND OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM: DEMOGRAPHICS AND IMPACT

 

17

   

 Demographics of the All-Volunteer Military

 

18

   

 Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom: Unique Characteristics

 

25

   

 Current Impact on Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Service Members

 

29

   

 Overview of Health Outcomes

 

29

   

 Overview of Social Outcomes

 

30

   

 Overview of Federal Readjustment Resources

 

33

   

 Conclusion

 

34

   

 References

 

34

3

 

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FROM PREVIOUS CONFLICTS

 

39

   

 From Ancient Greece and Rome to the Russo-Japanese War

 

40

   

 World War I, World War II, and the Korean Conflict

 

41

   

 The Vietnam War

 

42

   

 Assessment of Exposure to Combat and Other War-Zone Stressors

 

43

   

 Outcomes (Readjustment Problems)

 

44

   

 Risk Factors for Readjustment Problems

 

48

   

 The Persian Gulf War

 

49

   

 Summary

 

50

   

 References

 

54

4

 

PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

 

61

   

 Consequences of Service in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom for Military Personnel and Their Families and Effects on Readjustment

 

61

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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 Traumatic Brain Injury and Related Blast Injuries

 

62

   

 Polytrauma

 

65

   

 Mental Health Disorders

 

66

   

 Deployment

 

73

   

 Deployment and Military Families

 

74

   

 Deployment and Military Spouses

 

76

   

 Deployment and Children

 

78

   

 Deployment and Social Outcomes

 

80

   

 Women and Minorities

 

86

   

 Women

 

86

   

 Ethnicity, Race, and Culture

 

90

   

 Projecting the Lifelong Burden of War

 

93

   

 References

 

98

5

 

THE CURRENT RESPONSE

 

117

   

 Overview of Federal Benefits Available to Service Members, Veterans, and Their Families

 

117

   

 The Department of Defense

 

117

   

 The Department of Veterans Affairs

 

122

   

 Overview of Programs and Services for Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Active-Duty Service Members, Veterans, and Their Families

 

128

   

 Programs for Physical Needs

 

128

   

 Programs for Mental Health Needs

 

132

   

 Programs to Meet the Social Needs of Service Members, Veterans, and Their Families

 

138

   

 Programs for National Guard and Reserve Members, Women, Minority-Group Members, and the Homeless

 

146

   

 Summary

 

149

   

 References

 

149

6

 

FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND PHASE 2

 

155

   

 Findings and Recommendations

 

155

   

 Phase 2

 

160

APPENDIX A

 

LEGISLATION

 

165

   

 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Public Law 110-181 110th Congress (2nd Session)

 

165

APPENDIX B

 

TOWN HALL MEETINGS

 

169

   

 Killeen, Texas (Fort Hood): Army

 

169

   

 Austin, Texas (Camp Mabry): Texas National Guard

 

170

   

 Toledo, Ohio: Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio National Guard

 

171

   

 Fayetteville, North Carolina (Fort Bragg): Army

 

171

   

 Jacksonville, North Carolina (Camp Lejeune): Marine Corps

 

172

   

 San Diego, California (Camp Pendleton): Marine Corps

 

172

   

 Watertown, New York (Fort Drum): Army

 

173

Tables, Figures, and Boxes

TABLE 2.1

 

Service Members Deployed by Component as of April 30, 2009

 

17

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
×

TABLE 2.2

 

Percentage of Active-Component Members by Age and Service Branch in 2009

 

19

TABLE 2.3

 

Percentage of Active-Component Members by Age and Service Branch in 2009

 

20

TABLE 2.4

 

Active-Component Members with Children by Service Branch in 2007

 

21

TABLE 2.5

 

Health-Care Priority Groups

 

33

TABLE 4.1

 

Racial and Ethnic Characteristics of Deployed Personnel to OEF and OIF from September 11, 2001, to the Present, First Deployment Only

 

91

TABLE 5.1

 

Veterans Integrated Service Networks and Numbers of Facilities

 

125

TABLE 5.2

 

Polytrauma System of Care

 

131

FIGURE 2.1a

 

Age of children (active component); FIGURE 2.1b Age of children (reserve component)

 

22

FIGURE 2.2

 

Counties of residence of deployed OEF and OIF Army (active-component) military personnel

 

23

FIGURE 2.3

 

Counties of residence of deployed OEF and OIF Army National Guard military personnel

 

24

FIGURE 2.4

 

Counties of residence of deployed OEF and OIF Army reserve military personnel

 

25

FIGURE 2.5

 

a Number of times deployed to OEF or OIF by branch of military service (active component)

 

27

FIGURE 2.6

 

Number of times deployed to OEF or OIF by branch of military service reserves)

 

27

FIGURE 2.7

 

Average time deployed in days by branch of military subdivided by active component and reserve component

 

28

FIGURE 2.8

 

Average dwell time in days by branch of military subdivided by active component and reserve component

 

28

FIGURE 4.1

 

Number of veterans on disability and pension payrolls by period of service

 

95

FIGURE 4.2

 

Total real spending on disability compensation and pensions for veterans by period of service

 

96

FIGURE 5.1

 

Physical Evaluation Board process

 

121

FIGURE 5.2

 

VA health-care enrollment process

 

124

FIGURE 5.3

 

Polytrauma facility locations (levels 1 and 2)

 

132

BOX 5.1

 

Family in the Military Context

 

119

BOX 5.2

 

VA PTSD Programs

 

138

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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PREFACE

The committee has been asked to determine the physical and mental health and other readjustment needs of members and former members of the Armed Forces who were deployed in Afghanistan in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) or in Iraq in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and of their families and communities. The project is a two-part study. In this first phase, the committee has focused on the readjustment issues that have been commonly reported during the last several years in the scientific literature, in government and non-governmental reports, and in the popular press to gain a broad understanding of those issues. As part of its preliminary assessment, the committee has heard from active duty service members, veterans, and family members as it made several visits around the country.


The work has been humbling and eye opening. It has been gratifying to learn first-hand of the fortitude, resourcefulness, and bravery of active duty military personnel, Reserve and National Guard members, and their families. They have been proud to serve their country and if they have been wounded, physically or mentally, they expect their government to return the favor. In most cases, the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have responded to their needs admirably, but serious work remains.


Because the United States is still engaged in war in Afghanistan and Iraq, the situation regarding readjustment needs is an dynamic one. The committee applauds the efforts of the DOD and the VA in trying to respond to the situation, but in some instances the response has fallen short. In going around the country, the committee gathered qualitative data. It heard the same problems repeated on the West Coast and the East Coast, in the North and South, by health care providers, by active duty service men and women, and by veterans: there are not enough mental health providers to meet the demand, case managers and providers are overwhelmed, wait times are too long for appointments and between appointments for those in need of mental health and other services, confidentiality and stigma associated with seeking care for mental illness is a significant concern of active duty service members, job training and loss of jobs due to multiple deployments are issues, the ability to diagnose and treat traumatic brain injuries is a problem, and medical care for National Guard and reserve forces is an issue as they transition between active duty and civilian life.


In this preliminary report, the committee has looked broadly at the types of needs identified, including education, rehabilitation, employment training, mental health services, and other physical health services. In its second report, the committee will provide, in more detail, the extent of the services needed and will estimate costs on the basis of the services and the demographic data that it has received from the DOD and the VA.


The committee could not have completed its report without the help of the many people who provided data: those in the VA and the DOD, those in the veteran service organizations, researchers, and others working in the field. In addition, the people who helped us with our town hall and other meetings—on and off base—and all those who attended those meetings provided us with an understanding of the many complex issues.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
×

I am deeply appreciative of the expert work of our committee members and their extraordinary commitment to the task. The committee extends its appreciation to the Institute of Medicine staff. In particular we would like to thank Naoko Ishibe, Renee Wlodarczyk, and Patrick Baur, who helped with myriad tasks, including literature searches, retrieving articles, providing information for background chapters, and contributing to the development of several chapters of the report. We appreciate Joe Goodman’s attention to our meeting and travel needs and Carolyn Fulco for her guidance and oversight.


George W. Rutherford, MD, AM

Chair, Committee on the Initial Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Military Personnel, Veterans, and their Families

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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ACRONYMS

3CM Three Component Model of Care

ACAP Army Career and Alumni Program

ACWV Advisory Committee on Women Veterans

AFHSC Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center

AFSPP Air Force Suicide Prevention Program

APA American Psychological Association

APFT Army Physical Fitness Test

ASDHA Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs

AVF All-Volunteer Force

BHIE Bi-directional Health Information Exchange

BHOP Air Force Behavioral Health Optimization Project

BIRLS Beneficiary Identification and Record Locator System

BUMED Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

CBO Congressional Budget Office

CBOC Community Based Outpatient Clinic

CDC US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CHAMPVA Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs

CHCBP Continued Health Care Benefit Program

COSC Combat Operational Stress Control

CPRS Computerized Patient Record System

CRS Congressional Research Service

CSH Combat Support Hospital

CSIS Center for Strategic and International Studies

CWT Compensated Work Therapy

DCHV Domiciliary Care for Homeless Veterans

DCoE Defense Centers of Excellence

DEERS Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System

DHCC Defense Health Clinical Center

DMDC Defense Manpower Data Center

DOD Department of Defense

DOL Department of Labor

DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
×

DTAP Disabled Transition Assistance Program

DUSDMCFP Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy

EPI Army Reserve Employer Partner Initiative

ESGR Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve

FAP Family Advocacy Program

FAST Family Advocacy Strengths-based Therapy

FRCP Federal Recovery Coordination Program

FY Fiscal Year

GAO Government Accounting Office

GDP Gross Domestic Product

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HMO Health Maintenance Organization

HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development

HVVP Hawaii Vietnam Veterans Project

IED Improvised Explosive Device

IOM Institute of Medicine

LOC Loss of Consciousness

MEB Medical Evaluation Board

MFLC Military and Family Life Counselor

MGIB-AD Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty

MGIB-SR Montgomery GI Bill Selected Reserve

MHAT Mental Health Advisory Team

MHM Military Historical Measure

MHS Military Health System

MOS Military Occupational Specialty

MREIDL Military Reservist Economic Impact Disaster Loan

MSIC Military Severely Injured Center

MST Military Sexual Trauma

MTF Military Treatment Facility

NCA National Cemetery Administration

NCSP National Call to Service Program

NDAA National Defense Authorization Act

NIH National Institutes of Health

NIMH National Institute of Mental Health

NVVRS National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study

OEF Operation Enduring Freedom

OIF Operation Iraqi Freedom

OMB Office of Management and Budget

Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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OSCAR Operation Stress Control and Readiness

PCM Primary Care Manager

PDH-CPG Post-Deployment Health Clinical Practice Guideline

PEB Physical Evaluation Board

PNS Polytrauma Network Site

PPO Preferred Provider Organization

PRC Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center

PTSD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

RESPECT-Mil Re-Engineering Systems of Primary Care Treatment in the Military

SAC School Age Care program

SBA Small Business Administration

SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders

SE Supported Employment

SPC Suicide Prevention Coordinator

TAP Transition Assistance Program

TAPS Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors

TBI Traumatic Brain Injury

TR Transitional Residence

UCX Unemployment Compensation for Ex-Servicemembers

USD(P&R) Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness

USERRA Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act

VA Department of Veterans Affairs

VAMC VA Medical Center

VBA Veterans Benefits Administration

VECS Veterans Employment Coordination Service

VES Vietnam Experience Study

VETS Veterans’ Employment and Training Service

VETSA Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging

VHA Veterans Health Administration

VISN Veterans Integrated Service Network

VIST Visual Impairment Service Team

WWII World War II

WWRC Wounded Warrior Resource Center

Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12812.
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Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families Get This Book
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Nearly 1.9 million U.S. troops have been deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq since October 2001. Many service members and veterans face serious challenges in readjusting to normal life after returning home. This initial book presents findings on the most critical challenges, and lays out the blueprint for the second phase of the study to determine how best to meet the needs of returning troops and their families.

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