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Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making (2010)

Chapter: Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

C
Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention

The Committee on an Evidence Framework for Obesity Prevention Decision Making was tasked to provide an overview of the current nature of the evidence base, that is, the types of evidence that are available on the results of community, environmental, and policy-based obesity prevention initiatives. The narrative interpretation of the collection of reviews in this appendix (termed “appraisals” in this report) is provided in Chapter 3, and includes a description of current methods used to characterize the evidence base and a discussion of the challenges involved in applying traditional evidence hierarchies to population-based prevention efforts.

This overview was not meant to be carried out by an exhaustive literature review but rather through an examination of case studies and existing reviews. The search strategy involved searching major databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, from each database’s inception through November 2009, for relevant and published reviews of obesity prevention interventions. Variations of the terms “overweight,” “obesity,” “prevention,” “physical activity,” “nutrition,” “review,” “meta-analysis,” “synthesis,” “summary,” and “recommendations” were used in the search process. Additional appraisals were identified by review of the reference lists of included appraisals and other relevant literature and by discussion with experts in the field. Appraisals that consider only studies of treatment interventions were excluded; some appraisals consider both treatment and prevention studies and were included in the committee’s analysis. Publication date was not a search criterion, yet all of the appraisals in this appendix were published between 1997 and the present.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
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TABLE C-1

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

American Dietetic Association Position Statement (2006)

(28)

January 1982-January 2004

Systematic review

Not reported

Healthy children and adolescents aged 2-18

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews

To develop a position statement on individual-, family-, school-, and community-based interventions for pediatric overweight

Bluford et al. (2007)

(11), (14), (20), (27), (28)

1966-March 2005

Systematic review

Not reported

Preschool-age children aged 2-6

To identify and summarize effective evaluated interventions for preventing or treating obesity among preschool children aged 2-6

 

Brown and Summerbell (2009)

(20), (28)

January 2006-September 2007

Systematic review

1,553

School children aged 5-18

To determine the effectiveness of school-based interventions focused on changing dietary intake and physical activity levels to prevent childhood obesity

Excluded: studies that recruited children on the basis of weight; studies in children with critical illness or eating disorders

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

 

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

No. After Applying Criteria

Included: any study design

Measure of adiposity (BMI, body weight, skinfold thickness, percent body fat)

> 8 weeks (for secondary prevention trials)

Included: English language

Not reported

Excluded: meta-analyses and reviews (different selection criteria)

Excluded: conducted in a developing country; not peer-reviewed; n < 30 in secondary prevention trials, n < 60 in primary prevention trials

≥ 6 months (for primary prevention trials) (not including duration of follow-up)

Included: domestic and international studies that used physical activity and nutritional strategies in interventions to prevent or treat overweight

Measure of weight status, BMI, or body fat

≥ 3 months study length

Studies were not excluded because of their aim (for example, did not have to include weight change), design, or duration of intervention or follow-up if ≥ 3 months

7 (2 treatment and 5 prevention)

Excluded: case reports or series

RCTs or controlled clinical trials of lifestyle interventions

Included: same criteria used by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) obesity guidance with one exception—included studies had to report a weight outcome, either as absolute or change, and could use BMI, BMI z-score, percentage of body fat, skin-fold thickness, and percentage of overweight

≥ 12 weeks study length

Included: minimum duration of 12 weeks; done in a school setting (studies were not included or excluded based on their aim)

38

Included: study designs that compared lifestyle interventions (defined in article) with usual care or with other active interventions

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Campbell et al. (2001)

(13), (14), (20), (28), (32), (33), (36)

January 1985-October 1999

Systematic review

1,043

Included: subjects under age 18 when the study began

To assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent obesity in childhood

Expert opinion

Excluded: pregnant women, those with eating disorders, and the critically ill

Connelly et al. (2007)

(14), (20), (27), (28)

Up to April 30, 2006

Systematic review

Not reported

n ≥ 30; nonclinical child populations aged 0-18

To present practice-relevant guidance on interventions aimed at reducing at least one measure of adiposity in child populations that do or do not contain overweight or obese children

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews

Conroy et al. (2007)

(2), (12), (13), (14), (17), (19), (20), (23), (27), (28), (35), (38), (39), (43)

1980-September 2005

Integrative review

2,028

Not reported

To examine successful Canadian nursing and health promotion intervention programs for childhood obesity prevention during gestation and infancy

Grey literature, excluding newspaper articles/editorials; manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews; ancestry searches on key papers

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

No. After Applying Criteria

RCTs, non-RCTs with concurrent control groups

Included: had to report one or more outcomes (estimates of percent body fat, BMI, ponderal index, or skin-fold thickness) and report outcome data at baseline and at postintervention, or at baseline and change from baseline

Follow-up 1 year, later amended to include studies with an observation period of ≥ 3 months

Not reported

7

Included: RCTs, controlled trials of interventions to prevent overweight or obesity

Included: measure of index of adiposity

≥ 12 weeks study period

Not reported

28

Included: peer-reviewed and/or research-based, published articles, policy reports

Diet, BMI (adult), high birth weight > 4000 g, low birth weight < 2500 g but > 2000 g

Not reported

Canadian only; English and French language

6

Excluded: newspaper articles, editorials, general reports, general women’s health materials

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

DeMattia et al. (2007)

(27), (28)

1966-June 2004

Systematic review

222

Children or adolescents, including at-risk or obese children/teens at outset of study

Updated search: (12), (14), (23), (27), (28)

To examine studies that used an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior (SB; defined in article) to control weight in order to answer the question: Is an emphasis on reducing SB (e.g., TV, video games) effective at changing behaviors and controlling weight in children and adolescents?

Updated search, 1966-February 2005

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews; expert opinion

Doak et al. (2006)

(28)

Through June 2003, with additional update in August 2005

Review

102

Children and adolescents aged 6-19; targeting of obese children if drawn from a broad-based school population

Personal contacts with researchers; Internet; manual searching of bibliographies from reviews; MEDLINE searches of authors with ongoing intervention studies

To identify aspects of overweight and obesity prevention programs that are most likely to succeed if implemented on a large scale

Dobbins et al. (2001)

(14), (19), (20), (27), (28), (30), (38)

1985-September 2000

Systematic review

143

Children and adolescents aged 6-18

Review of reference list of retrieved articles

To summarize the evidence for the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

 

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

No. After Applying Criteria

Included: RCTs, controlled clinical trials, comparative studies, multicenter studies that aimed to reduce SB in a natural setting

Included: Measure of SB and weight (either BMI or % overweight)

Not reported

Validity criteria applied

12

Excluded: observational cross-over and cohort studies, studies of behavior in a controlled laboratory setting

Included: school-based studies seeking to alter diet and/or physical activity–related behaviors and having a broad public health base; studies that monitored and evaluated in a manner that has been documented (e.g., published)

Included: anthropometric measurement of body weight or obesity, at baseline and follow-up

Not reported

Not reported

25

Excluded: studies with aims so narrow that an impact on obesity is unlikely; clinical settings focused on treatment of obese children; pilot studies

RCTs; studies with a control group and measures taken pre- and postintervention; prospective study designs

Outcomes must have been reported for children and adolescents

 

Included: intervention applicable to public health practice; intervention could be implemented, facilitated, or promoted by staff in local public health units in Ontario

19

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Eden et al. (2002)

(7), (12), (13), (23), (28)

1994-March 2002

Systematic review

~1,000

Adults in general primary care populations

Expert opinion; manual searching of bibliographies from pertinent articles

To determine whether counseling adults in primary care settings improves and maintains physical activity levels

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: controlled trials, case-control studies, observational studies

Included: behavioral outcomes (physical activity); if the study was of “good” or “fair” quality, according to criteria developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

Not reported

The patient’s primary care clinician performed some of the counseling intervention

8 (7 RCTs, 1 non-RCT)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Faith et al. (2007)

(3), (28), (32), (43), (33), (3)

Earliest data indexed through November 2004

Narrative review

Not reported

Not reported

To review critically the evidence addressing three questions that are pertinent to potential macro-level environmental influences on obesity management

Manual searching of bibliographies from pertinent articles and chapters; expert opinion; grey literature (government and private foundation reports, excluded dissertations)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

 

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

No. After Applying Criteria

For substudy 1:

Included: had to have at least one of the following: food acquisition or purchasing behavior, reported or weighed food intake, or body weight or composition

Not reported

Not reported

5 (substudy 1), 17 (substudy 2), 1 (substudy 3)

Included: focus group, observational study, quasi-experimental and experimental designs, RCTs

Excluded: position or conceptual articles

For substudy 2:

Included: the macro-environmental factor must be studied in such a way that it was not confounded with education-based manipulations aimed at changing behavior through structured information dissemination

Excluded: comprehensive multicomponent interventions targeting multiple behaviors (because the specific effects of manipulating individual components could not be disaggregated)

For substudy 3:

Excluded: studies testing the effects of restrictive parental feeding practices and strategies on child eating behavior and weight (these studies, being largely confined to the home, are less central to the topic of macro-environmental influences)

For all substudies:

Excluded: studies aimed primarily (or to a large degree) at achieving behavior change through information dissemination

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Flodmark et al. (2006)

(15), (28)

Articles published until 2004 added to an earlier (2002) review by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care

Systematic literature review

136

Included: participants representing a normal group (school, or the population within a particular area), studies of high-risk groups

Manual searching of bibliographies from relevant articles, journals, and reviews

To review the scientific evidence for medical interventions aimed at preventing obesity during childhood and adolescence

Excluded: participants selected only for having the risk factor overweight/obesity (i.e., treatment)

Flynn et al. (2006)

(2), (3), (12), (13), (14), (17), (19), (20), (23), (24), (25), (27), (28), (29), (31), (38), (39)

1982-2003

Synthesis research study

13,158 (library database hits)

Included: studies with a majority of participants under age 17

To develop best practice recommendations based on a systematic approach to finding, selecting, and critically appraising programs addressing prevention and treatment of childhood obesity and related risk of chronic diseases

Excluded: those with compromised physical health; those with mental illness; programs with a primary focus on children of diabetic mothers, low-birth-weight/preterm babies, and pregnant adolescents

Manual searching of bibliographies from International Journal of Obesity (1987-2003), relevant reports; Internet searches of relevant domestic and foreign organization and society sites, Google; expert opinion

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Study addresses prevention of obesity or overweight; must include a control group

Measure of BMI, skinfold thickness; % overweight/obesity

≥ 12 months with follow-up

Accepted Swedish, German, Norwegian, Danish, English, and French languages

24

Excluded: case studies; surgical interventions; programs associated with marketing products/services

Included: a measure of either outcome or process (or both)

Not reported

Excluded: foreign-language articles without an English abstract

158

(1) an index of overweight/obesity: anthropometry, BMI, body fat distribution, growth rates

(2) risk factors for obesity (e.g., activity levels)

(3) chronic diseases (or risk factors) associated with overweight/obesity (e.g., type 2 diabetes or blood pressure)

(4) adverse effects

(5) process indicators (e.g., no. invited vs. no. participating, information evaluating how the program proceeded, or description of participant groups)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Galani and Schneider (2007)

(14), (20), (28)

1995-2005 (because of advances in research toward conducting higher-quality studies and better reporting)

Systematic literature review with meta-analysis

273 (for prevention)

Children ≥ 18 years old

Manual searching of bibliographies from included articles, relevant books, individual-based studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

To assess the mid- to long-term effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and treatment of obesity (defined in article)

Glenny et al. (1997)

(20), (28), (32), Bath Information and Data Services (BIDS) (depending on author’s subscription)

Not reported

Systematic review

97 for both prevention and treatment

Overweight or obese children and adults

To determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent and treat obesity and maintain weight loss

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews; expert opinion

1995-2007 (English only)

Meta-analysis

41

Children and adolescents (schoolchildren)

Gonzalez-Suarez et al. (2009)

(1), (4), (6), (9), (14), (15), (16), (20), (22), (28), (34), (35), (41), Ovid (depending on author’s subscription)

To evaluate the effectiveness of school-based programs in the prevention and management of childhood obesity

Normal BMI only

Manual searching of bibliographies from relevant studies

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: RCTs of lifestyle interventions (defined in article)

Included: body weight, BMI, waist circumference, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, glucose control (2-hour plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, or 3-month average blood glucose level [A1c])

≥ 12 months observation period

Included: prevention and treatment studies

13 (for prevention)

RCTs (for treatment of obesity and maintenance of weight loss); RCTs and nonrandomized studies with a concurrent control group (for prevention of obesity)

Postintervention changes relevant to baseline in one of the following: weight, fat content, fat distribution

≥ 12 months (for intervention only, or intervention + follow-up)

Not reported

4 (for prevention)

Included: RCTs and clinical controlled trials in which odds ratios or standardized mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals were reported or could be calculated

BMI, waist girth, percentage body fat, triceps skinfold, waist-to-hip ratio

Not limited

Seeking interventions that increase physical activity, improve dietary behaviors, modify poor exercise or dietary behaviors, or a combination of strategies

19

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Hardeman et al. (2000)

(15), (16), (19), (20), (23), (28), (32), (36)

20: 1980-present; 28: 1966-present; 32: 1974-present

Systematic review

Not reported

Participants not selected by weight or age

To identify and review published studies on interventions aimed at the prevention of weight gain

Excluded: interventions in specific subgroups (e.g., those stopping smoking)

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles

Queried authors of included papers

Harris et al. (2009)

(13), (14), (20), (28)

As early as 1966 for some databases, up to September 2008 for all databases

Systematic review and meta-analysis

398

Children aged 5-18

Manual searching of bibliographies from relevant journals and articles

To determine whether school-based physical activity interventions improve children’s body composition, as measured by BMI

Hudson (2008)

(14), (27), (28)

1997-2007

Integrative review

Not reported

Included: African American children aged 2-18 or their parents/caretakers

To explore attitudes, perceptions, and lifestyle behaviors that influence obesity risk in African American children

Excluded: studies targeting subjects with BMI ≥ 85%

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

All study designs included

Data extracted based on: behaviors targeted for change; psychological model; behavior change methods and modes of delivery; methodological quality; characteristics of participants; outcomes related to body weight; self-reported diet and physical activity

Any duration

Included: published reports of interventions with the primary aim of preventing weight gain

11

Excluded: if weight control was part of a multifactorial intervention aimed primarily at preventing a specific disease; if weight loss was primary aim

Included: RCTs, non-RCTs with an appropriate control group

Included: objective data for BMI from before and after the intervention (in both intervention and control groups)

≥ 6 months

Included: school-based exercise or physical activity interventions

18

Included: qualitative, experimental, and nonexperimental designs

Included: BMI for age/gender or BMI z-score as primary outcome

Not a criterion

Included: English, published in peer-reviewed journal

28

Excluded: prevalence studies

Excluded: studies not reporting outcomes by racial/ethnic characteristics

Excluded: non-U.S. studies

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Jago and Baranowski (2004)

(28)

1970-2002

Systematic review

Not reported

Children aged 5-18

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews; contacting of leading authors in the field for copies of articles “in press”

To study noncurricular approaches to increasing physical activity in children and adolescents

Kahn et al. (2002)

(21), (27), (28), (37), (38), (39), (40)

1980-2000

Systematic review and meta-analysis

6,238

Included: studies that compared outcomes among groups

To evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches to increasing physical activity: informational, behavioral and social, and environmental and policy approaches

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered reviews; expert opinion

Excluded: studies that used physical activity solely as a therapeutic intervention; training studies

Kamath et al. (2008)

(13), (14), (19), (20), (27), (28), (30), (33), (36)

Inception of the databases until February 2006

Systematic review and meta-analysis

1,162

Included: children and adolescents aged 2-18

To summarize evidence on the efficacy of interventions aimed at changing lifestyle behaviors to prevent obesity

Excluded: prevention reviews focused exclusively on obese children; studies with participants with eating disorders, underlying diagnosis predisposing to obesity and/or inhibiting normal growth; adults or patients with type 1 diabetes

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews; expert opinion

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Excluded: case reports, unpublished reports, dissertations

Included: any increase in the level of physical activity; objective and self-report assessments of physical activity; interventions that measured physical activity before and after the intervention

Not reported

Included: English language; effect of a noncurricular physical activity intervention was evaluated

9

Included: interventions selected for evaluation, not guidelines or reviews; study design with a concurrent or before-and-after comparison

Included: aerobic capacity as an indicator of physical activity behavior

Not reported

Used Guide to Community Preventive Services’ methods (CDC, 2005); English language only

94

Included: RCTs only

Included: BMI; behavioral endpoints of dietary or physical activity changes (e.g., accelerometer); self-report or reported by a family member or responsible adult, research or health care personnel

Used longest period of follow-up where data were available and not excessive loss to follow-up (> 20%)

Review conducted in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration methods and Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials (QUOROM) standards (Moher et al., 1999)

34, BMI; 29, behavioral endpoints (usable data for meta-analysis)

Excluded: treatment articles

Excluded: foreign language studies not yet translated

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Katz et al. (2005)

(15), (20), (23), (27), (28)

1966-2001

Systematic review

44 (school setting), 35 (worksite)

School-based interventions up to age 18, and workplace-based interventions (working-age adults)

To identify effective strategies for weight control in school or work settings involving nutrition, physical activity, combinations of these, and other behavioral interventions

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered reviews and reports

Katz et al. (2008)

(14), (20), (23), (27), (28), Ovid (depending on database access)

(20), (23), (27), (28): 1966-February 2000

Systematic review and meta-analysis

64

Included: studies targeting children aged 3-18 in a school setting

To evaluate the effectiveness of school-based strategies for obesity prevention and control

Manual searching in (15) and other meta-analyses

(14), (27), (28), Ovid: February 2000-October 2004

Khan et al. (2009)

(28)

January 1, 2005-July 3, 2007

Systematic review

270

Included: policy and environmental-level strategies

Expert opinion

To identify and recommend a set of strategies and associated measurements that communities and local governments can use to plan and monitor environmental and policy-level changes for obesity prevention

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: used Guide to Community Preventive Services (RCTs); control measurement between or within groups

Included: Weight loss of ≥ 4 pounds, intermediate outcomes: change in diet or physical activity levels; common weight-related measures used (BMI, body weight, anthropometic measures); in the school setting, meaningful changes in weight based on intervention goal and population characteristics; among adults, 4-pound minimum weight loss

≥ 6 months after intervention start

Used methods of the Guide to Community Preventive Services (CDC, 2005) for conducting systematic reviews to assess study design, validity, quality limitations; English only

10 (school setting)

20 (worksite)

Included: studies that contained a control measurement (pre/post, control group)

Included: common weight outcomes (BMI, body weight)

Follow-up at least 6 months from the beginning of the intervention

Used Guide to Community Preventive Services (CDC, 2005) to abstract data and assess methodological quality; English only

8 (combination of nutrition and physical activity interventions)

Excluded: studies with “poor methodological quality”; 11 studies because of data usability limitations

Not reported

Not reported; used criteria to rate measurements: utility, construct validity, feasibility

Not reported

Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention Project Team (CDC, experts, consultants); used criteria to rate strategies: reach, mutability, transferability, effect size, sustainability of health impact

179

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Kropski et al. (2008)

(8), (18), (28)

January 1, 1990-December 31, 2005

Systematic review

Unknown

Children (school-based programs)

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles; expert opinion

To examine the effectiveness of school-based programs for reducing childhood overweight or obesity

Lemmens et al. (2008)

(15), (20), (27), (28), (43), Ovid (depending on author’s subscription)

January 1996-June 2006

Systematic review

13,198

Included: nonobese adults (> age 18) with an average BMI at the starting point < 30 or overweight/not yet obese (25-30)

To examine the efficacy of obesity prevention interventions in adults, with a focus on dietary intake, physical activity, or a combination of these

Excluded: those with BMI higher than 30; weight maintenance interventions; institutionalized adults; those with chronic conditions; drug interventions; health care providers, preoperative settings; bariatric surgery

Matson-Koffman et al. (2005)

(11), (19), (22), (27), (28), (43)

1970-October 2003

Narrative review

Not reported

Included: all demographics

To assess policy and environmental interventions aimed at increasing physical activity or improving nutrition

Reports of U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Transportation

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: experimental or quasi-experimental designs

Included: BMI, a measure of body fat or obesity/overweight prevalence

Evaluation ≥ 6 months post baseline

Used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria for analyzing evidence (Atkins et al., 2004, 2005)

14

Included: RCTs, nonrandomized trials, and interrupted time series designs; with control group

Included: BMI or body weight change, self-report or measured

Minimum 3-month follow-up

Used Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for systematic review protocol

9 (5 long-term, at least 1 year; 4 short-term, 3 months to 1 year)

Not reported

Included: behavioral, psychological, or organizational change outcomes

Not reported

Excluded: studies that did not provide a description of the intervention or those that reported on determinants research (individual-level only) or media-only campaigns; studies that linked the built environment to physical activity (in another review)

65

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Mayer (2009)

(14), (19), (27), (28), (43)

2001-January 2008

Integrative review

356

Included: those aged 2-21 years

To assess community-based obesity prevention interventions focused on changing the nutrition environment for children

Internet (Google)

Excluded: adults (> 21 years)

Micucci et al. (2002)

(14), (15), (19), (20), (27), (28), (36)

1990-January 2002

Review of reviews using a chronic disease model (i.e., risk factors for type 2 diabetes)

1,448 (195 with potential relevance)

Included: school-aged youth in a school setting

Expert opinion to find unpublished material

To assess the effectiveness of school-based interventions in primary prevention of obesity and promotion of physical activity and nutrition

Pignone et al. (2003)

(28)

1966-December 2001

Systematic review

129 (74 reported on counseling on dietary behavior)

Included: studies with patients with known risk factors for chronic disease

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews; expert opinion

To examine the effectiveness of counseling to promote healthful diet among patients in primary care settings

Excluded: studies with patients that had previously diagnosed chronic illness or required special diets; obese or overweight patient studies for the purpose of weight management

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: RCTs, pre−post trials, longitudinal, follow-up studies

Did not limit these criteria, but reported what they found

Did not limit this criterion, but reported what they found

English language

12

Excluded: systematic reviews, descriptive articles, treatment-focused studies

Not specified, but followed Cochrane Collaboration Handbook

Included: physiological indicators (body fat, metabolic indices, change in physical activity, healthful eating/nutrition)

Not reported

Followed the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook; quality ratings used; only strong and moderate reviews included

12 (7 strong, 5 moderate)

Included: RCTs

Included: dietary behavior; net change in consumption

At least 3 months’ duration

Excluded: studies that controlled the diet externally

21

Excluded: studies with dropout rates of > 50% or with presence of a disease

Excluded: studies with only biochemical or anthropomorphic endpoints

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Rees et al. (2006)

(15), (19), (27), (36)

Coverage of database until 2001

Systematic review

7,048 (90 studies reported on physical activity)

Included: youth aged 11-16

To examine the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young people, focused on examining community- and society-level interventions

Reilly and McDowell (2003)

(14), (15), (20), (23), (28)

June 2000-May 2002

Systematic review

Not reported

Included: children and adolescents; nonclinical groups of subjects

To examine interventions for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity targeting physical activity (included separate analyses of treatment and prevention)

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered systematic reviews and individual intervention articles; Internet

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: trials and studies that used a comparison group design and reported both pre- and posttest data; also outcome or process evaluation, systematic review or study that did not involve an intervention, and nonintervention studies that studied young people’s definitions of ideas about physical activity or factors that influence their own or other young people’s physical activity

Measured behavior or health of young people

Not reported

Included: interventions that aimed to make a change at the level of the community or society; quality of trials assessed using the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Coordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre) review guidelines (Peersman et al., 1997); quality of people’s views studies as described by Harden et al. (2004)

12 trials, 16 studies of young people’s views

Included: RCTs

Included: body weight, BMI, body composition

At least 12 months

Used Checklist for Appraising the Quality of Controlled Trials (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2002) for quality appraisal

3

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Renzaho et al. (2010)

(14), (26), (27), (28), (34), (38), (42)

Until September 2008

Systematic review

599

Included: studies targeting immigrants

To study the effectiveness of prevention programs for obesity and chronic diseases among immigrants in developed countries

Excluded: studies focused on nonimmigrants; specifically, at least 40% of multiethnic samples needed to be non–African American migrants

Internet (Google Scholar)

Salmon et al. (2007)

(14), (15), (26), (27), (28), (34), (37), (39), (43), Ovid (depending on access)

January 1985-June 2006

Narrative review

Not reported

Included: children aged 4-12, adolescents aged 13-19

To study the effectiveness of interventions in studies that report physical activity outcomes in children and adolescents

Sharma (2007)

(14), (19), (28)

1999-2005

Narrative review

21

Included: general population of children aged 3-18, in a school setting

To review international school-based interventions for preventing childhood obesity

Excluded: studies that focused solely on overweight/obese children or adolescents

Small et al. (2007)

(14), (27), (28)

Not reported

Narrative review

12

Included: children aged 4-7

To conduct a critical appraisal of current evidence on prevention and early treatment of overweight and obesity in young children

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: RCTs; quasi-randomized, controlled before-and-after studies

Included: BMI (weight, waist and hip measurements), lean tissue mass, body fat; nutritional targets for patients with diabetes; self-reported nutrition adherence for diabetes self-management; diabetes knowledge; self-efficacy and self-management; dietary fat consumption; glycemic control; cardiovascular risk factors

Not reported

Included: intervention group needed at least 40 subjects

13

Excluded: “poor-quality” studies; medical and/or drug interventions; studies that did not define the migrant group or intervention or clearly outline the methodological approach

Included: RCTs, group randomized trials, quasi-experimental study designs; postintervention, assessment-only designs or no control (decided on a case-by-case basis)

Included: physical activity outcomes (survey, observational, and objective)

Not reported

Included: sample size of more than 16

99

Excluded: obesity treatment

Excluded: studies published in non–peer reviewed journals

Not reported, but ended up with studies that targeted nutrition and physical activity behaviors

Not reported, but a majority were 1 academic year long

Included: studies outside of U.S. only

12

English language

Included: RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses

Not reported

Not reported

Looking to see what they could find to critically appraise the current evidence

6 prevention; 6 treatment

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Stice et al. (2006)

(14), (27), (28), (30)

1980-2005 (October)

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Not reported

Included: children and youth (up to age 22)

Manual searching of tables of contents of pertinent journals (Preventive Medicine, Journal of Pediatrics, Health Education Quarterly), narrative reviews, gathered articles; expert opinion for unpublished articles

To investigate obesity prevention programs and their effects; to identify features of the program associated with these effects

Summerbell et al. (2005)

(13), (14), (20), (27), (28)

1990-February 2005

Systematic review

828

Included: children below age 18

To assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent obesity in childhood through diet, physical activity, and/or lifestyle and social support

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles and reviews; Internet; expert opinion

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: RCTs, evaluations of obesity prevention programs, trials; needed relevant comparison group, logistic regression or survival models

Included: proxy measure of body fat (BMI, skinfold thickness); effect sizes for weight gain (not self-report)

Not reported

Excluded treatment

46 trials (61 programs)

Included: controlled clinical trials (with and without randomization)

Included: primary outcomes: weight and height, percent fat content, BMI, Ponderal index, skinfold thickness; secondary outcomes: activity levels, dietary intake, change in knowledge, environmental change, stakeholders’ views of findings, measures of self-esteem, etc., harm associated with process or outcomes, cost-effectiveness

Minimum duration of 12 weeks (short-term)

Used Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, health promotion theory

22 (10 long-term, 12 short-term)

Excluded: treatment

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Thomas (2006)

See above

1985-2003

See above

See above

Included: studies with elementary or secondary school-aged children, school component

Thomas et al. (2004)

(10), (12), (13), (14), (19), (20), (27), (28), (38), (39)

1984-2003

Systematic review

More than 1,100

Children and adolescents aged 6-18

To examine the effectiveness of interventions for promoting healthy weight, preventing overweight/obesity, and increasing physical activity among school-aged children and youth

Manual searching of 24 relevant peer-reviewed journals (June 1998-June 2003)

Timperio et al. (2004)

(27), (28), (39)

1999-September 2003

Review (update)

Not reported

Included: children, adolescents, young adults

To study the effectiveness of intervention strategies to promote physical activity among children, adolescents, and young adults

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: studies with a comparison group; RCTs and other study designs

Included: self-reported dietary intake, BMI, skinfold thickness, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) changes

See above

Used a recent review to critique the results of primary studies related to the effectiveness of physical activity and nutrition programs for obesity prevention in children and youth

57

Included: RCTs, cohort studies (prospective, with a control group)

Included: changes in total caloric intake and percent calories from fat, fruit, and vegetable intake; changes in body fat; changes in perception of body image; self-reported changes in duration, rate, and frequency of physical activity; changes in lung capacity (VO2 max); self-reported changes in inactivity; BMI

Not reported

Excluded: studies related to therapeutic nutrition and physical activity programs and those that included children with known illnesses or obese/overweight children; quality assessed using Mulrow et al. (1997) and Jadad et al. (1996)

425

Excluded: studies that measured only changes in vitamin or fiber intake, changes in knowledge and attitudes re physical activity and nutrition

Included: RCTs

Not reported

Not reported

Review of new evidence (update)

31

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Van Sluijs et al. (2007)

(20), (28), (32), (35), (39)

Up to December 2006

Systematic review

3,045

Included: children and adolescents (< 18 years)

To study the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting physical activity in children and adolescents

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles

Excluded: participants with a specific disease or health problem

Wareham et al. (2005)

(28), (32)

2000-2005

Critical review

Not reported

Included: adults and children

To study the effectiveness of physical activity interventions for obesity prevention

Wofford (2008)

(15), (28)

Not reported

Systematic review

> 5,000, then limited by date (2004-2008), but included seminal articles, articles on preschool-aged children and relevance to prevention of obesity

Included: Eventually limited search to preschoolers (prevention)

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles; Joanna Briggs Institute database (depending on author’s subscription)

To review evidence related to obesity prevention in young children

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: controlled trials (with or without randomization); control group (non–physical activity intervention)

Included: outcomes related to physical activity (self-reported or objectively measured)

Not reported

Used 10-item quality assessment scale for methodological quality (internal validity)

57: 33 children, 24 adolescents

Included: observational studies (longitudinal, prospective cohort)

Included: physical activity or body composition change

Not reported

30: 14 adults, 16 children

Excluded: cross-sectional studies

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

The 41 selected for review were chosen because of their relevance to the prevention of overweight and obesity in the preschool population and the “stronger” quality of evidence they presented English language

41

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Study

Search Strategy

Initial No. Identified

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Sources of Informationa

Years Included

Type of Appraisal and Purpose

Subject Demographics

Zenzen and Kridli (2009)

(14), (27), (28)

2000-2007

Integrative review

Not reported

Included: children aged 4-18 (kindergarten through high school)

Manual searching of bibliographies from gathered articles

To study the degree of variability in the methodological approaches and theoretical frameworks of school-based obesity prevention programs, focused on the following interventions: dietary, physical activity, and healthy lifestyle education; parental involvement

NOTES: BMI = body mass index; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; N/A = not available; RCT = randomized controlled trial.

aElectronic databases are denoted numerically as outlined below:

(1) Academic Search Elite

(2) ACP Journal Club (American College of Physicians Evidence Based Medicine)

(3) AGRICOLA

(4) AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database)

(5) ARC Service (Agricultural Research Council)

(6) AustHealth

(7) Best Evidence Database

(8) Biological Abstracts

(9) BioMed Central

(10) BIOSIS Previews

(11) Chronic Disease Prevention File (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion)

(12) CDSR (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

(13) CENTRAL/CCTR (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials)

(14) CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature)

(15) Cochrane Library

(16) Current Contents—Life Sciences

(17) DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects)

(18) Education Abstracts

(19) ERIC (Education Resources Information Centre)

(20) EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database)

(21) Environline

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

 

 

 

 

No. After Applying Criteria

Types of Studies (e.g., RCTs, quasi-experimental, qualitative)

Outcome Measures (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity, other behaviors, environment)

Length of Intervention and/or Follow-up

Other

Included: experimental and nonexperimental studies

Not reported

Not reported

Used conceptual framework of Cooper (1984) to guide the systematic review; used Stetler et al. (1998) for assessing quality

16

Included: school-based curriculum programs for obesity prevention; studies needed to manipulate at least one of the variables of dietary habits, physical activity, healthful lifestyle education, and parental involvement; English language

(22) Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition

(23) HealthSTAR (Health Services Technology, Administration, and Research)

(24) PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service) International

(25) ProceedingsFirst

(26) PsycARTICLES

(27) PsycINFO (Psychological abstracts)

(28) PubMed or MEDLINE

(29) Population Index

(30) Proquest Digital Dissertation Abstracts International

(31) Proquest Digital Dissertations and Theses

(32) PsychLit—Silver Platter

(33) Science Citation Index (Web of Science)

(34) ScienceDirect

(35) SCOPUS

(36) Social Science Citation Index (Web of Science)

(37) Social SciSearch

(38) Sociological Abstracts

(39) SPORTDiscus

(40) TRIS (Transportation Research Information Services)

(41) TRIP (Turning Research into Practice)

(42) Web of Knowledge

(43) Web of Science

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

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DeMattia, L., L. Lemont, and L. Meurer. 2007. Do interventions to limit sedentary behaviours change behaviour and reduce childhood obesity? A critical review of the literature. Obesity Reviews 8(1):69-81.

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Dobbins, M., D. Lockett, I. Michel, J. Beyers, L. Feldman, J. Vohra, and S. Micucci. 2001. The effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness among children and youth: A systematic review. Hamilton, ON: Effective Public Health Practice Project.

Eden, K. B., C. T. Orleans, C. D. Mulrow, N. J. Pender, and S. M. Teutsch. 2002. Does counseling by clinicians improve physical activity? A summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine 137(3):208-215.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
×

Faith, M. S., K. R. Fontaine, M. L. Baskin, and D. B. Allison. 2007. Toward the reduction of population obesity: Macrolevel environmental approaches to the problems of food, eating, and obesity. Psychological Bulletin 133(2):205-226.

Flodmark, C. E., C. Marcus, and M. Britton. 2006. Interventions to prevent obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Obesity 30(4):579-589.

Flynn, M. A. T., D. A. McNeil, B. Maloff, D. Mutasingwa, M. Wu, C. Ford, and S. C. Tough. 2006. Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: A synthesis of evidence with ‘best practice’ recommendations. Obesity Reviews 7(Supplement 1):7-66.

Galani, C., and H. Schneider. 2007. Prevention and treatment of obesity with lifestyle interventions: Review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health 52(6):348-359.

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Gonzalez-Suarez, C., A. Worley, K. Grimmer-Somers, and V. Dones. 2009. School-based interventions on childhood obesity: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 37(5):418-427.

Hardeman, W., S. Griffin, M. Johnston, A. L. Kinmonth, and N. J. Wareham. 2000. Interventions to prevent weight gain: A systematic review of psychological models and behaviour change methods. International Journal of Obesity 24(2):131-143.

Harden, A., J. Garcia, and S. Oliver. 2004. Applying systematic review methods to studies of people’s views: An example from public health research. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 58:794-800.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Review of Existing Reviews on Obesity Prevention." Institute of Medicine. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12847.
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To battle the obesity epidemic in America, health care professionals and policymakers need relevant, useful data on the effectiveness of obesity prevention policies and programs. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention identifies a new approach to decision making and research on obesity prevention to use a systems perspective to gain a broader understanding of the context of obesity and the many factors that influence it.

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