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OCR for page R1
PRIVATE-PUBLIC SECTOR
COLLABORATION TO ENHANCE
COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
A WORKSHOP REPORT
Committee on Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance
Community Disaster Resilience
Geographical Science Committee
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
Division on Earth and Life Studies
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, N.W. • Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of
the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The
members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences
and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Award No.
HSHQDC-08-C-00176, TO #2. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
contained in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
agencies that provided support for the project. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or
organizations does not constitute their endorsement by the sponsoring agencies.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-15106-1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-15106-6
C over: Paper-chain people image used with permission from Dreamstime.
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500
Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-
3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet http://www.nap.edu
Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin-
guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of
science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter
granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the
federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the
National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autono-
mous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National
Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National
Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs,
encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievement of engineers. Dr.
Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to se-
cure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy
matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to
the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal
government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and educa-
tion. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of fur-
thering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general
policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of
both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing
services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The
Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph, J.
Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research
Council.
www.national-academies.org
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COMMITTEE ON PRIVATE-PUBLIC SECTOR COLLABORATION TO
ENHANCE COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
WILLIAM H. HOOKE, Chair, American Meteorological Society, Washington, D.C.
ARRIETTA CHAKOS, Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government,
Cambridge, Massachusetts
ANN-MARGARET ESNARD, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Lauderdale
JOHN R. HARRALD, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Alexandria
LYNNE KIDDER, Business Executives for National Security, Washington, D.C.
MICHAEL T. LESNICK, Meridian Institute, Washington, D.C.
INÉS PEARCE, Pearce Global Partners, Inc., Los Angeles, California
RANDOLPH H. ROWEL, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland
KATHLEEN J. TIERNEY, University of Colorado, Boulder
BRENT H. WOODWORTH, Los Angeles Emergency Preparedness Foundation, California
National Research Council Staff
SAMMANTHA L. MAGSINO, Study Director (from July 2009)
CAETLIN M. OFIESH, Study Director (until July 2009)
COURTNEY R. GIBBS, Program Associate
JASON R. ORTEGO, Research Associate (from November 2009)
NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Research Associate (until November 2009)
TONYA E. FONG YEE, Senior Program Assistant
iv
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GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES COMMITTEE
WILLIAM L. GRAF, Chair, University of South Carolina, Columbia
LUC E. ANSELIN, Arizona State University, Tempe
WILLIAM A.V. CLARK, University of California, Los Angeles
CAROL P. HARDEN, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
CALESTOUS JUMA, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
JOHN A. KELMELIS, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
VICTORIA A. LAWSON, University of Washington, Seattle
SUSANNE C. MOSER, Susanne Moser Research & Consulting, Santa Cruz, California
THOMAS M. PARRIS, ISciences, LLC, Burlington, Vermont
NORBERT P. PSUTY, Rutgers University, Sandy Hook, New Jersey
DAVID R. RAIN, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
National Research Council Staff
MARK D. LANGE, Associate Program Officer
JASON R. ORTEGO, Research Associate
TONYA E. FONG YEE, Senior Program Assistant
v
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BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES
CORALE L. BRIERLEY, Chair, Brierley Consultancy, LLC, Highlands Ranch, Colorado
KEITH C. CLARKE, University of California, Santa Barbara
DAVID J. COWEN, University of South Carolina, Columbia
WILLIAM E. DIETRICH, University of California, Berkeley
ROGER M. DOWNS, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
JEFF DOZIER, University of California, Santa Barbara
KATHERINE H. FREEMAN, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
WILLIAM L. GRAF, University of South Carolina, Columbia
RUSSELL J. HEMLEY, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.
MURRAY W. HITZMAN, Colorado School of Mines, Golden
EDWARD KAVAZANJIAN, JR., Arizona State University, Tempe
LOUISE H. KELLOGG, University of California, Davis
ROBERT B. MCMASTER, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
CLAUDIA INÉS MORA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico
BRIJ M. MOUDGIL, University of Florida, Gainesville
CLAYTON R. NICHOLS, Department of Energy, Idaho Operations Office (Retired), Ocean Park,
Washington
JOAQUIN RUIZ, University of Arizona, Tucson
PETER M. SHEARER, University of California, San Diego
REGINAL SPILLER, Frontera Resources Corporation (Retired), Houston, Texas
RUSSELL E. STANDS-OVER-BULL, Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, Denver, Colorado
TERRY C. WALLACE, JR., Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico
HERMAN B. ZIMMERMAN, National Science Foundation (Retired), Portland, Oregon
National Research Council Staff
ANTHONY R. DE SOUZA, Director
ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Senior Program Officer
DAVID A. FEARY, Senior Program Officer
ANNE M. LINN, Senior Program Officer
SAMMANTHA L. MAGSINO, Program Officer
MARK D. LANGE, Associate Program Officer
LEA A. SHANLEY, Postdoctoral Fellow
JENNIFER T. ESTEP, Financial and Administrative Associate
NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Financial and Research Associate
COURTNEY R. GIBBS, Program Associate
JASON R. ORTEGO, Research Associate
ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant
TONYA E. FONG YEE, Senior Program Assistant
vi
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This workshop report is dedicated to the memory of Frank Reddish, a long-time leader in
natural disaster and recovery. Through years of committed and focused effort, Mr. Reddish made
Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida a safer and more resilient place to live. His work
drew attention and had impact both locally and nationwide. He contributed powerfully to this
workshop, held September 9-10, 2009, and his work will continue to have a positive impact for
years to come.
vii
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viii
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Acknowledgments
In response to a request by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the National
Research Council formed an ad hoc committee to assess the current state of the art in private-
public sector collaboration dedicated to strengthening community disaster resilience, to identify
gaps in knowledge and practice, and to recommend research areas that could be targeted for
research investment by the Human Factors Division of the Department of Homeland Security.
The committee’s charge included organizing a 2-day workshop to explore relevant issues and
inform the study committee’s final recommendations. The workshop was held September 9-10,
2009, in Arlington, Virginia, and engaged a group of approximately 60 participants representing,
from different regions of the country, individuals from the private and public sectors and from
the research community.
For providing excellent workshop presentations intended to orient attendees regarding the
subject matter to be discussed, the National Research Council would like to thank Arif Alikhan,
DHS, and Emily Walker, Member of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the
United States. Also to be acknowledged are those who served as panelists for workshop
discussions including: Ron Carlee, Arlington County, Virginia; Jami Haberl, Safeguard Iowa
Partnership; Stephen Jordan, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; Leslie Luke, County of San Diego
Office of Emergency Services; Gene Matthews, University of North Carolina; Governor Scott
McCallum (Wisconsin, 2001-2003), The Aidmatrix Foundation, Inc.; Jason McNamara, Federal
Emergency Management Agency; Jim Mullen, Washington State Emergency Management
Division; Mickie Valente, Valente Strategic Advisers, LLC; Maria Vorel, Federal Emergency
Management Agency; Brit Weber, Michigan State University; Mary Wong, Office Depot
Foundation. The workshop would not have been successful without the contributions of those
who attended. All participants are listed in Appendix B of this document.
This workshop report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse
perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National
Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purposes of this review are to provide
candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as
sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity,
evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript
remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the
following for their participation in the review of this report:
ix
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x PRIVATE-PUBLIC SECTOR COLLABORATION FOR COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
Ann Patton, Founding Director (Retired), Tulsa Partners Inc.
Gregory Shaw, Associate Professor of Engineering Management and Systems
Engineering Co-Director, The George Washington University
Mickie Valente, President, Valente Strategic Advisers, LLC
Tom Wilbanks, Group Leader, Global Change and Developing Countries Programs, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and
suggestions, they were not asked to endorse, nor did they see, the final draft of the workshop
report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Dr. Susan Cutter, University
of South Carolina. Appointed by the Division on Earth and Life Studies, she was responsible for
making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with
institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility
for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National
Research Council.
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Contents
SUMMARY 1
1 INTRODUCTION 13
Workshop Planning, 17
Workshop Report Organization, 19
2 COMMUNITY AND DISASTER RESILIENCE: THE COLLABORATIVE
APPROACH 21
Disaster Resilience as Part of Community Resilience, 21
Collaborations for Resilience, 23
Different Perspectives, 31
3 CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS 41
Barriers to Business Sector Engagement, 41
Jurisdictional Challenges, 44
Language Barriers, 48
Building Trust, 48
Resource Challenges, 49
Inefficiencies, 50
Including the Entire Community, 51
Creating Versus Controlling the Environment for Change, 52
4 POTENTIAL RESEARCH 53
Research Themes and Tools, 53
Future Research Mechanisms, 61
Research Funding, 62
A National Agenda to Support Collaboration, 62
REFERENCES 63
xi
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xii PRIVATE-PUBLIC SECTOR COLLABORATION FOR COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
APPENDIXES
A Committee Biographies 65
B Workshop Participants 71
