Appendix C
Acronyms
AGISAR Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance
AGP antimicrobial growth promoters
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AMR antimicrobial resistance
APUA Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics Ara-C Arabinofuranosyl Cytidine
ARI antimicrobial-resistant infection
AST antimicrobial susceptibility testing
ATCC American Type Culture Collection
BARDA Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission
CA-MRSA community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
CAP community acquired pneumonia
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CF cystic fibrosis
CI confidence interval
CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
CTX-M cefotaximase
DANMAP Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme
DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DRG diagnosis-related group
ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
EMEA European Medicines Agency
ESBL extended-spectrum β-lactamase
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FDA Food and Drug Administration
GMP good manufacturing practice
HHS United States Department of Health and Human Services
Hib Haemophilus influenza type b
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
ICE integrative conjugative element
ICH International Conference on Harmonization
IDSA Infectious Diseases Society of America
IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
IMPACT International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce
IND investigational new drug
IOM Institute of Medicine
IPO initial public offering
KPC Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase
MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight
MDR multidrug resistant
MIC minimal inhibitory concentration
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
NDA new drug application
NHSN National Healthcare Safety Network
NIH National Institutes of Health
NTA non-therapeutic antimicrobial
OIE World Organisation for Animal Health
PAMTA Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act
PDR pan-drug resistant
PK-PD pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
PVL Panton–Valentine leukocidin
RNA ribonucleic acid
R&D research and development
ROAR Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance
ROS reactive oxygen species
SCCmec staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec
STAAR Act Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act
TA toxin-antitoxin
TB tuberculosis
UV ultraviolet
VICP Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
VISA vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
VRE vancomycin-resistant enterococci
VRSA vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
WHA World Health Assembly
WHO World Health Organization
XDR extensively drug-resistant