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Acronyms
α-CD20 anti-CD20, CD20 is cluster of differentiation
20, a cell surface protein
α-CD33 anti-CD33, CD33 is cluster of differentiation 33
ADME absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Apo-A1 apolipoprotein A1
ASTM organization formerly known as the American
Society for Testing and Materials
βhCG β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin
BNP brain natriuretic peptide
CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences
CBEN Center for Biological and Environmental
Nanotechnology
CCNE Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CFU-GM colony-forming unit granulocyte macrophage
CK-MB creatine kinase MB fraction (the MB fraction is
most specific to cardiac muscle)
CLIO-Cy5.5 cross-linked iron oxide Cy5.5 (Cy5.5 is a type
of cyanine fluorescent dye)
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DEAL DNA-encoded antibody barcode
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74 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
DFMO difluoromethylornithine
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DOX-OXD dextran conjugated doxorubicin
Doxorubicin-cBR96 doxorubicin conjugated to chimeric
(α-CD174) monoclonal antibody cBR96 (anti-CD174,
CD174 is cluster of differentiation 174, a cell
surface protein)
DTA-IL2 fusion fusion protein of diphtheria toxin fragment A
protein (α-CD25) and interleukin 2 (this fusion protein targets
CD25, a cell surface protein)
EGCG epigallocatechin-3-gallate
EGF epidermal growth factor
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMEA European Medicines Agency
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EUFETS a European contract manufacturer for cell and
gene therapy
FDA Food and Drug Administration
Genexol-PM Genexol–polymeric micelle
GFP green fluorescent protein
GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating
factor
GMP good manufacturing practices
gp60 60 kDa glycoprotein, an albumin binding
protein
hCG human chorionic gonadotrophin
HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
Hg mercury
IBBC integrated blood barcode chip
ICH International Conference on Harmonisation of
Technical Requirements for Registration of
Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
ICON International Council on Nanotechnology
IFN-γ interferon-γ
IL-1α interleukin-1α
IL-1β interleukin-1β
IL-2 interleukin-2
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75
ACRONYMS
IL-6 interleukin-6
IL-10 interleukin-10
IL-12 interleukin-12
IND Investigational New Drug Application
IOM Institute of Medicine
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IV intravenous
KS Kaposi sarcoma
LD50 median lethal dose
LE-SN38 liposome-encapsulated
7-Ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin
LErafAON liposome encapsulated c-raf antisense
oligonucleotide
LMWP low molecular weight peptide
MALDI TOF MS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
time-of-flight mass spectrometry
MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1
MFNP magneto/fluorescent nanoparticles
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MR magnetic resonance
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MTX-HSA human serum albumin–bound methotrexate
nab nanoparticle albumin-bound
NCI National Cancer Institute
NCL Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory
NIH National Institutes of Health
NIST National Institute of Standards and
Technology
NK911 polymeric micelle carrier system for
doxorubicin
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
NNI National Nanotechnology Initiative
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSFC National Natural Science Foundation of China
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development
Onco-TCS Onco-transmembrane carrier system, the drug
vincristine
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76 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
OSHA Occupational Health and Safety
Administration
OSI-211 liposomal lurtotecan drug manufactured by
OSI Pharmaceuticals
P13K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PEG polyethylene glycol
PEG-IFNα2a/-IFNα2b pegylated interferon α-2a/interferon α-2b
PEG-L-asparaginase polyethylene glycol conjugated asparaginase
PGA-paclitaxel polyglutamic acid conjugated paclitaxel
PHPMA-doxorubicin poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)
conjugated doxorubicin
PK pharmacokinetics
PK1 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
copolymer doxorubicin
PK2 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
(HPMA) copolymer backbone and pendant
doxorubicin (DOX) linked via a Gly-Phe-Leu-
Gly peptide spacer
PLD-E1A pegylated liposomal doxorubicin–linked E1A
(an adenoviral oncogene) plasmid DNA
PLGA polylactic-co-glycolic acid
PRINT particle replication in non-wetting templates
PSA prostate specific antigen
RBC red blood cell
RES reticuloendothelial system
RNA ribonucleic acid
RNAi RNA interference
SGN-15 cBR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate, SGN
stands for Seattle Genetics Inc.
siRNA short interfering RNA or silencing RNA
SPARC secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine
SPI-77 sterically stabilised liposomal cisplatin
TGF-β transforming growth factor β
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TNF-γ tumor necrosis factor γ
UK United Kingdom
WBC white blood cell
