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Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

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. "Appendix F: Evidence Maps." Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes Calcium Vitamin D

TABLE F-8 Evidence Map for Bone Health

Indicator

Mechanistic Data

Animal Data

Observational Studies

Randomized Trials

Primary Outcome

Secondary or Non–Pre-specified Outcomesa

Calcium absorption

Calcium balance

BMD/BMC

Fracture risk

Osteomalacia/rickets

Intermediate

Mechanistic Data

Animal Data

Observational Studies

Randomized Trials

Primary Outcome

Secondary or Non–Pre-specified Outcomesa

25OHD

PTH

NOTE: Data may reflect studies designed to study combined calcium and vitamin D administration, calcium alone, or vitamin D alone. = evidence is published; — = no available evidence.

aSecondary outcomes often were not pre-specified by the investigators.

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Front Matter (R1-R16)
Summary (1-14)
1 Introduction (15-34)
2 Overview of Calcium (35-74)
3 Overview of Vitamin D (75-124)
4 Review of Potential Indicators of Adequacy and Selection of Indicators: Calcium and Vitamin D (125-344)
5 Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy: Calcium and Vitamin D (345-402)
6 Tolerable Upper Intake Levels: Calcium and Vitamin D (403-456)
7 Dietary Intake Assessment (457-478)
8 Implications and Special Concerns (479-512)
9 Information Gaps and Research Needs (513-522)
Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary (523-536)
Appendix B: Issues and Interests Identified by Study Sponsors (537-538)
Appendix C: Methods and Results from the AHRQ-Ottawa Evidence-Based Report on Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health (539-724)
Appendix D: Methods and Results from the AHRQ-Tufts Evidence-Based Report on Vitamin D and Calcium (725-1012)
Appendix E: Literature Search Strategy (1013-1018)
Appendix F: Evidence Maps (1019-1024)
Appendix G: Cases Studies of Vitamin D Toxicity (1025-1034)
Appendix H: Estimated Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D from National Surveys (1035-1044)
Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada (1045-1058)
Appendix J: Workshop Agenda and Open Session Agendas (1059-1064)
Appendix K: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members (1065-1074)
Index (1075-1102)
Summary Tables: Dietary Reference Intakes (1103-1116)