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Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011)

Chapter: Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada

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Page 1045 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×

I
Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada

The data in this appendix are provided for the readers of this report and were not reviewed by the committee.

For the United States (Table I-1 and Figures I-1 through I-8), the tables and figures for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations are from analyses conducted in August 2010 by the National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006.

For Canada (Table I-2 and Figures I-9 through I-14), the tables and figures for serum 25OHD concentrations are from analyses conducted in August 2010 by Statistics Canada and based on the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

Page 1046 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×

PERSONS ABOVE AND BELOW 40 NMOL/L SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS FROM NATIONAL SURVEYS

TABLE I-1 United States: Prevalence of Serum 25OHD Concentrations (QC adjusted) Above and Below 40 nmol/L by Total Population and by Race/Ethnicity (ages 1 year and older) from NHANES 2003–2006

 

Estimate (95% Confidence Interval)

Total

Non-Hispanic White

Non-Hispanic Black

Mexican American

Others

Percent < 40 nmol/L

18.8 (16.3–21.5)

10.6 (8.9–12.4)

53.6 (48.9–58.2)

27.2 (22.8–32.0)

27.2 (23.2–31.7)

Percent ≥ 40 nmol/L

81.2 (78.5–83.7)

89.5 (87.6–91.1)

46.4 (41.8–51.1)

72.9 (68.0–77.2)

72.8 (68.3–76.8)

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

TABLE I-2 Canada: Prevalence of Serum 25OHD Concentrations Above and Below 40 nmol/L in Canada by Total Population (ages 9 years and older) from CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009

 

Estimate (95% Confidence Interval)

Percent < 40 nmol/L

13.0 (9.9, 16.1)

Percent ≥ 40 nmol/L

87.0 (83.9, 90.1)

SOURCE: CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

Page 1047 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×

UNITED STATES: CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF SERUM 25OHD CONCENTRATIONS BY AGE GROUP

FIGURE I-1 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 1- to 3-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-1 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 1- to 3-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1048 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-2 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 4- to 8-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-2 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 4- to 8-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1049 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-3 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 9- to 13-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 and 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-3 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 9- to 13-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 and 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1050 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-4 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 14- to 18-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-4 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 14- to 18-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1051 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-5 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 19- to 30-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-5 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 19- to 30-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1052 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-6 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 31- to 50-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-6 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 31- to 50-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1053 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-7 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 51- to 70-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-7 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC adjusted) for 51- to 70-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1054 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-8 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC Aajusted) for > 70-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

FIGURE I-8 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD (QC Aajusted) for > 70-year-olds in the United States for the 2003 to 2006 time period.

SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.

Page 1055 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×

CANADA: CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF SERUM 25OHD CONCENTRATIONS BY AGE GROUP

FIGURE I-9 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 9- to 13-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

FIGURE I-9 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 9- to 13-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

SOURCE: CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

Page 1056 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-10 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 14- to 18-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

FIGURE I-10 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 14- to 18-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

SOURCE: CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

FIGURE I-11 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 19- to 30-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

FIGURE I-11 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 19- to 30-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

SOURCE: CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

Page 1057 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-12 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 31- to 50-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

FIGURE I-12 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 31- to 50-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

SOURCE: CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

FIGURE I-13 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 51- to 70-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

FIGURE I-13 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 51- to 70-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

SOURCE: CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

Page 1058 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
FIGURE I-14 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 71- to 79-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

FIGURE I-14 Cumulative distribution of serum 25OHD for 71- to 79-year-olds in Canada for the 2007 to 2009 time period.

SOURCE: CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

Page 1045 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1045
Page 1046 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1046
Page 1047 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1047
Page 1048 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1048
Page 1049 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1049
Page 1050 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1050
Page 1051 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1051
Page 1052 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1052
Page 1053 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1053
Page 1054 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1054
Page 1055 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1055
Page 1056 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1056
Page 1057 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1057
Page 1058 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13050.
×
Page 1058
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Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for the human body. Establishing the levels of these nutrients that are needed by the North American population is based on the understanding of the health outcomes that calcium and vitamin D affect. It is also important to establish how much of each nutrient may be "too much."

Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D provides reference intake values for these two nutrients. The report updates the DRI values defined in Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride, the 1997 study from the Institute of Medicine. This 2011 book provides background information on the biological functions of each nutrient, reviews health outcomes that are associated with the intake of calcium and vitamin D, and specifies Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for both. It also identifies Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, which are levels above wish the risk for harm may increase. The book includes an overview of current dietary intake in the U.S. and Canada, and discusses implications of the study. A final chapter provides research recommendations.

The DRIs established in this book incorporate current scientific evidence about the roles of vitamin D and calcium in human health and will serve as a valuable guide for a range of stakeholders including dietitians and other health professionals, those who set national nutrition policy, researchers, the food industry, and private and public health organizations and partnerships.

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