. "5 Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy: Calcium and Vitamin D." Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.
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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes Calcium Vitamin D
TABLE 5-3 Vitamin D Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Adequacy (amount/day)
Life Stage Group
AI
EAR
RDA
Infants
0 to 6 mo
400 IU (10 µg)
—
—
6 to 12 mo
400 IU (10 µg)
—
—
Children
1–3 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
4–8 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
Males
9–13 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
14–18 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
19–30 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
31–50 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
51–70 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
> 70 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
800 IU (20 µg)
Females
9–13 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
14–18 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
19–30 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
31–50 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
51–70 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
> 70 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
800 IU (20 µg)
Pregnancy
14–18 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
19–30 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
31–50 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
Lactation
14–18 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
19–30 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
31–50 y
—
400 IU (10 µg)
600 IU (15 µg)
NOTE: AI = Adequate Intake; EAR = Estimated Average Requirement; IU = International Unit; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance.
through exposure to sunlight, the estimation of DRIs for vitamin D immediately requires a plethora of related considerations ranging from factors that affect and alter sun exposure and vitamin D synthesis, to public health recommendations regarding the need to limit sun exposure to avoid cancer risk. Just as importantly, the available data have not sufficiently explored the relationship between total intake of vitamin D per se and health outcomes. In short, a dose–response relationship between vitamin D intake and bone health is lacking. Rather, measures of serum 25OHD levels as a biomarker of exposure (i.e., intake) are more prevalent.
After considering the available evidence, including data published
