. "6 Tolerable Upper Intake Levels: Calcium and Vitamin D." Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.
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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes Calcium Vitamin D
TABLE 6-4 Vitamin D Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) by Life Stage
Life Stage Group
UL
Infants
0 to 6 mo
1,000 IU (25 µg)
6 to 12 mo
1,500 IU (38 µg)
Children
1–3 y
2,500 IU (63 µg)
4–8 y
3,000 IU (75 µg)
Males
9–13 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
14–18 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
19–30 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
31–50 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
51–70 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
> 70 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
Females
9–13 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
14–18 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
19–30 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
31–50 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
51–70 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
> 70 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
Pregnancy
14–18 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
19–30 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
31–50 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
Lactation
14–18 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
19–30 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
31–50 y
4,000 IU (100 µg)
NOTE: IU = International Unit.
The work of Fomon et al. (1966) forms the starting point for these life stage group, as it did in the 1997 IOM report (IOM, 1997). Given the small sample size used in the study, the NOAEL for infants is based on the mean intake in this study rather than the high end of the range. The NOAEL was rounded to 1,800 IU/day from 1,775 IU/day. The British Paediatric Association (1956) data and data reported by Bransby et al. (1964) suggested that hypercalcemia could be present at intakes of 4,000 IU/day, but appeared to decline at intakes between 700 and 1,300 IU/day, lending some support to the NOAEL of 1,800 IU/day as reasonable. However, considerable uncertainty surrounds this estimate, and newer data have not
