Appendix D
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAAS |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
ACEX |
Arctic Coring Expedition |
CCD |
carbonate compensation depth |
CIA |
Chemical Index of Alteration |
CO2 |
carbon dioxide |
DOE |
Department of Energy |
DOSECC |
Drilling, Observation, and Sampling of the Earth’s Continental Crust |
DSDP |
Deep Sea Drilling Project |
EMIC |
Earth system models of intermediate complexity |
ENSO |
El Niño-Southern Oscillation |
E&O |
education and outreach |
ESM |
Earth system model |
GCM |
global climate model; also general circulation model |
GIS |
geographic information system |
ICDP |
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program |
ICP-MS |
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
ID-TIMS |
isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry |
IODP |
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program |
IPCC |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
ITCZ |
Intertropical Convergence Zone |
ka |
thousands of years ago |
ky |
thousand years |
LGM |
Last Glacial Maximum |
LPIA |
Late Paleozoic Ice Age |
Ma |
million of years ago |
MAT |
mean annual temperature |
my |
million years |
μmol |
micromole |
NAO |
North Atlantic Oscillation |
NASA |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NCEAS |
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis |
NOAA |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
NRC |
National Research Council |
NSF |
National Science Foundation |
OAE |
oceanic anoxic event |
ODP |
Ocean Drilling Program |
pCO2 |
partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
PDO |
Pacific Decadal Oscillation |
PETM |
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum |
PI |
principal investigator |
PMIP |
Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project |
ppmv |
parts per million by volume |
SIMS |
secondary ion mass spectrometry |
SST |
sea surface temperature |
TEX86 |
tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms; paleothermometer based on the composition of membrane lipids of marine picoplankton |
TOC |
total organic carbon |
USGS |
U.S. Geological Survey |