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B
Environmental Protection Agency
Contractor Reports on Climate-Change,
Indoor-Environment, and Health Topics
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Indoor Environments
Division—the sponsor of this study—commissioned a set of white papers
on topics related to climate change, the indoor environment, and health to
provide information for the committee’s consideration. They are listed be-
low1 and cited, where appropriate, throughout the report. The white papers
are also compiled on an EPA Web site that provides links to a number of
Agency and contractor reports on issues of indoor air quality (EPA, 2011).
The responsibility for the white papers listed below rests with their
authors, and their content does not necessarily represent the views of the
committee or the Institute of Medicine.
Contractor Report: Climate Change and Indoor Air Quality
This report presents a general discussion of the effects of climate change
on indoor air quality, including occupant influences. Among the issues
addressed are how increasing outdoor temperatures may change window
and air-conditioning use, moisture intrusion and its adverse health effects,
and the effects of weatherization and energy-efficiency efforts on indoor
air quality.
Field WR. 2010. Climate change and indoor air quality. Washington, DC:
US Environmental Protection Agency.
1 Descriptions of report content are derived in part from EPA (2011).
263
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264 CLIMATE CHANGE, THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT, AND HEALTH
Contractor Report: Research Needed to Address the
Impacts of Climate Change on Indoor Air Quality
This report offers opinions on climate-change and indoor air quality
research needs. Topics include high-temperature events; infiltration of out-
door allergens, particulate matter, and ozone; water and dampness intru-
sion; and disease vectors. The discussion of research gaps focuses on human
health but also includes energy efficiency.
Girman J. 2010. Research needed to address the impacts of climate change
on indoor air quality. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection
Agency.
Contractor Report: National Programs to Assess Indoor Environmental
Quality (IEQ) Effects of Building Materials and Products
This report examines national building-materials and product-
evaluation programs, which were developed often in response to indoor
air quality concerns and vary in focus and scope. These include efforts in
the United States, various countries in Europe, the European Union, Japan,
and Korea.
Levin H. 2010. National programs to assess IEQ effects of building ma-
terial and products. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection
Agency, Indoor Environments Division.
Contractor Report: Climate Change and Potential Effects
on Microbial Air Quality in the Built Environment
This report examines the effects of climate change on pathogens and
indoor air quality. Changing climates have caused pathogens and pests to
venture into new geographic areas and create new indoor environmental
risks, including the possibility of increased pesticide use in response to
invading organisms.
Morey PR. 2010. Climate change and potential effects on microbial air
quality in the built environment. Washington, DC: US Environmental
Protection Agency.
Contractor Report: Building Codes and Indoor Air Quality
This report that examines energy-related building codes throughout
the United States and how these codes affect ventilation, including air
exchange, and indoor air pollution. Ventilation and moisture conditions
in existing residential and commercial buildings may be altered because
of an increase in extreme weather events due to climate change. Buildings
constructed under a set of standards appropriate for the original climate
may not be adequate in a different climate.
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265
APPENDIX B
Mudarri D. 2010. Building codes and indoor air quality. Washington, DC:
US Environmental Protection Agency.
Contractor Report: Public Health Consequences and Cost
of Climate Change Impacts on Indoor Environments
This report addresses the public-health and economic implications of
the effects of climate change on indoor environmental quality. It details the
effects of biologic agents and of increased humidity, temperature, ventila-
tion, and product emissions on the indoor environment and corresponding
human health risks. Climate change and its effects on outdoor contami-
nants are also examined, and possible adaptation strategies are examined.
Mudarri D. 2010. Public health consequences and cost of climate change
impacts on indoor environments. Washington, DC: US Environmental
Protection Agency.
Contractor Report: Climate Change, Indoor Air Quality and Health
This report describes exposure to common biologic and chemical
agents that result from building adaptations. The discussion includes a look
at Green Building programs and recommendations on how to make them
more considerate of issues of indoor air quality. There is an emphasis on
the need for community health-care practitioners to become more involved
in addressing susceptible and vulnerable populations.
Schenck P, Ahmed, AK, Bracker A, DeBernardo R. 2010. Climate change,
indoor air quality and health. Washington, DC: US Environmental
Protection Agency.
Contractor Report: Indoor Environmental Quality and Climate Change
This report addresses the impacts of climate change on indoor environ-
ments, including material related to potential interventions and solutions.
Brennan T. 2010. Indoor environmental quality and climate change. Wash-
ington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.
Contractor Report: The Impact of Increasing
Severe Weather Events on Shelter
This report addresses the impacts of severe weather events on indoor
environments. Topics addressed include the use of buildings as shelters from
weather extremes.
Brennan T. 2010. The impact of increasing severe weather events on shelter.
Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.
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266 CLIMATE CHANGE, THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT, AND HEALTH
DRAFT Contractor Report: Opportunities for Green
Building (GB) Rating Systems to Improve Indoor Air Quality
Credits and to Address Changing Climatic Conditions
This report describes green-building rating systems, climate change, and
indoor environmental quality. Green-building rating systems focus mostly
on indoor environments, including moisture, ventilation rates, volatile or-
ganic compounds, thermal comfort, and particulate matter but are evalu-
ated in a climate-change context. Two rating systems, those of BREEAM
and LEED, are detailed in this report.
Srebric J. 2010. Draft report: Opportunities for green building (GB) rating
systems to improve indoor air quality credits and to address changing
climatic conditions. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection
Agency.
REFERENCE
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2011. Indoor air—Publications and resources. http://
www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/ (accessed June 21, 2011).
