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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

Index

5-4-3-2-1 Go! campaign, 128

A

Access to affordable healthy foods, 6, 12-13, 23-24, 27-28, 85, 101-106, 159

Adiposity in children

defined, 157

predictors of, 44

prenatal factors, 50

screen time and, 6, 122

sleep restriction and, 138

television advertising exposure and, 6, 122, 125

African Americans/blacks, 19, 87, 124

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 10, 11, 35, 39, 73, 86, 87, 94, 97, 120, 124

American Dietetic Association, 10, 73

Americans with Disabilities Act, 9, 61, 67

Animal Trackers intervention, 65

Arizona, child care standards, 30

Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), 45, 48

B

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), 11, 86, 88, 89, 90, 157

Behavioral mapping, 68-69

Birth weight, 48-49, 51, 160

Bisphenol A, 153

Body mass index (BMI)

calculation, 35, 38, 39

CDC gender-specific charts, 37, 39-42

defined, 157

monitoring, 8, 35-36, 37, 38, 39-42

obesity definition, 41, 160

overweight definition, 40-42, 160

parental, 44, 45, 48, 49

phthalates in blood and, 154

prepregnancy, 48, 49, 50

rationale for monitoring, 42-44

screen time and, 123, 124-125

sleep habits and, 137-138

WHO growth charts, 39

Z-score, 138, 157

Bottle feeding, 90-92

Breastfeeding

AAP recommendations, 11

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, 11, 86, 88, 89, 90, 157

barriers to, 87-88

bottle feeding breast milk, 90-92

child care center support of, 11, 90, 91

complementary solid foods, 12, 21, 87, 92-98

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

duration, 87, 89

nutrition support of, 87, 90

obesity risk reduction, 5, 87

peer support, 90, 160-161

prevalence, 87

promoting and supporting, 11, 86-88, 89, 90, 157

race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status and, 87, 88

rationale for recommendations, 87-90

recommendations, 11, 86

state laws, 88-89

Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding, 87-88

Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, 89, 91

worksite policies, 11, 28, 87, 88-89, 90

Built environment for physical activity, 5, 9, 23, 27, 61, 62-63, 65-70

C

C-reactive protein, 48, 138

Cadmium, 154

Calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, 27, 122, 138, 158

Carbamates, 153

Cardiovascular disease, 45, 48, 94

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1, 14, 19, 43, 87, 125

BMI gender-specific charts, 37, 39-42

growth charts, 8, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42

screen time recommendations, 123

Task Force on Community Preventive Services, 123

VERB campaign, 127-128

Charge to committee, 17-18

Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), 5-6, 11, 13, 30, 87, 93, 94, 95, 101, 103-105, 107

Child care settings (see also Standards for child care)

Breastfeeding Friendly, 11, 90, 91

crib, car seat, and high chair use, 70

decreasing sedentary behavior, 9-10, 70-72

healthy eating, 5-6, 11, 23, 93, 101, 103, 107

home-based vs. center-based, 122

in low-income neighborhoods, 27-28

physical activity, 5, 8-9, 29, 61, 65-66, 70

quality of, 72

screen time in, 13, 29-30, 72, 121, 122

sleep in, 6-7, 15, 136

staff development/training, 10, 67, 72-76, 107

strollers, swings, and bouncer seats/chairs, 70

Childcare Mealtime and Active Play Partnerships (ChildcareMAPP), 102

Children with disabilities, physical activity, 5, 9, 61, 67, 69-70, 74

Collaborative Perinatal Project, 47-48

Consumer Product Safety Commission, 68

D

DDT, 154

Delaware, child care standards, 30, 71, 74, 101

Diet of U.S. children (see also Breastfeeding; Eating behavior; Healthy eating; Infant formula)

added sugar, salt, and fat, 21, 85, 93, 94, 96-97

CACFP meal patterns, 93

calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, 27, 122, 138, 158

dairy products, 19, 37, 85, 91, 94, 96-97, 105, 159, 162

fruits and vegetables, 19, 21, 27, 85, 93, 94-96, 104, 105, 106, 126, 159

sugar-sweetened beverages, 19, 91, 96-97, 158, 162

whole grains, 37, 85, 94-95, 96, 105, 159

Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 6, 12, 60, 93, 94, 97, 98, 158

Dietary guidelines for children under 2 years, 6, 12, 97-98

Diethylstilbestrol, 153

Dyslipidemia, 94, 158

Dystocia, 50, 159

E

Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R), 72

Early Head Start, 11, 87, 90, 101, 160

Eating behavior (see also Diet of U.S. children; Healthy eating)

development of food preferences, 85-86, 93, 96, 97, 99, 119, 121, 122, 125, 128

marketing/advertising and, 119, 121, 122, 125, 128

rewards or bribes and, 99

self-regulation, 6, 12, 98, 99, 100, 101

Electronic medical records, 39

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

Emergency Food Assistance Program, 104

Endocrine-disrupting agents, 153-154

Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation instrument, 72

Environmental risk factors (see Eating behavior; Sedentary behavior; Sleep)

Ethnic/racial differences

breastfeeding, 87, 88

obesity/overweight, 19, 20

physical activity, 69

screen time, 124

sleep duration and environment, 124, 135

Evaluation of policies (see also Research on obesity prevention), 7, 24-25

Evidence on obesity prevention, 24-25

F

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, 88

Family and Medical Leave Act, 89

Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program, 104

Federal Communications Commission, 11, 86

Federal Trade Commission, 14, 121, 125

Feeding cues, 12, 92, 98, 99, 100

First Steps for Mommy and Me, 142

Food and Drug Administration, 14, 125

Food insecurity, 103, 159

Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program, 104

Fruit juices, 97

G

Gender differences, 19

Gestational diabetes, 46, 49-51

Green Carts initiative, 105, 106

“Growing out of it,” 1, 19

Growth monitoring

at-risk children, 36, 39

BMI calculations, 8, 35-36, 37, 38, 39-42

CDC charts, 8, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42

CDC updated guidelines, 38-44

discussions with parents, 35, 37, 44

electronic medical records and, 39

goal, 35

by health care providers, 4, 5, 8, 35-44

misperceptions of excess weight, 1, 19, 37-38

parental weight status and, 8, 37, 42, 44

rate of weight gain, 8, 19, 37, 42, 43

rationale for recommendations, 38-44

recommendations, 5, 8, 38, 42

training of health care providers, 35, 42

underdiagnosis of obesity, 42

weight-for-length or -height, 8, 19, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43-44, 138, 140, 142

well-child visits, 5, 8, 35, 37, 38, 39, 45

WHO charts, 8, 35, 36, 38-40, 42

H

Head Start (see also Early Head Start), 26, 65

Health care providers

counseling parents/caregivers, 13, 14, 107, 121, 123-124

growth monitoring, 4, 5, 8, 35-44, 45

perceptions of competence to treat obesity, 42-43

training, 10, 35, 42, 67, 72-76, 107, 121

Healthy eating (see also Breastfeeding; Diet of U.S. children; Eating behavior)

access to affordable healthy foods, 6, 12-13, 23-24, 27-28, 85, 101-106, 159

adults eating with children, 98, 99, 100, 101

CACFP standards, 5-6, 11, 13, 30, 87, 93, 94, 95, 101, 103-105, 107

child care settings, 5-6, 11, 23, 93, 101, 103, 107

communicating with parents, 102, 107

dietary guidelines for children under 2 years, 6, 12, 97-98

discretionary calories, 94, 96, 97, 158

drinking water, 11, 19, 93, 97

family-style service, 12, 98, 100, 101, 107

feeding cues, 12, 92, 98, 99, 100

fruit juice, 97

goals, 85

government role, 6, 103

home settings, 6, 12, 28

infants, 98, 101

information and educational resources, 102

low-income urban neighborhoods, 105-106

nutrition assistance programs and, 12-13, 87, 90, 103

plates and utensils, 100

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

rationale for recommendations, 94-97, 98, 99, 101, 103-106, 107

recommendations, 2, 5-6, 11-13, 93, 97, 98, 101, 107

responsive feeding, 6, 12, 21-22, 85, 98-101, 102, 161

self-regulation, 6, 12, 98, 99, 100, 101, 107

standards, 30, 101

toddlers and preschoolers, 98

training professionals, 13, 107

Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, 29

Healthy People 2020, 29, 123

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, 48

Hispanics/Latinos, 19, 20, 87, 124

Home settings

healthy eating, 6, 12, 28

low-income families, 28

screen time, 14, 15, 120, 122, 124

sleep, 6, 14, 15, 120, 124

Home visitation programs, 11, 22, 75, 87, 90, 140, 160-161

I

Implementation of policies

cultural competency, 23, 127

interaction with parents, 22-23

parent role in, 23

training of providers, 27

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 74

Infant formula

bottle-feeding guidelines, 90-92

WHO International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute, 11, 86

Infants (see also Breastfeeding)

adult interactions, 61, 62, 63

birth weight, 48-49, 51, 160

bottle-feeding guidelines, 12, 90-92

complementary solid foods, 12, 21, 87, 92-98

cow’s milk, 91

crib, car seat, and high chair use, 70-71

defined, 159

feeding cues, 12, 91, 92, 98

gross motor development, 62

healthy eating, 98, 101

holding vs. propping bottles, 12, 91, 101

obesity in, 62

physical activity, 5, 8-9, 60, 61-63, 70-71, 74-75

physical environment for, 62-63

plagiocephaly, 71

preterm, 44, 48

rate of weight gain, 43

responsive feeding, 12, 101

restrictive equipment, limiting use of, 70, 74-75

screen time, 120

SIDS, 71

sleep, 71, 137, 140

soothing techniques, 140

standards for child care, 101

stroller, swing, and bouncer seat/chair use, 70-71

taste preferences, 96, 97

“tummy time,” 8, 61, 62

Interagency Working Group on Food Marketed to Children, 125

K

Kaiser Family Foundation, 120

L

Lead, 154

Leptin levels, 48, 138

Low-income neighborhoods

access to healthy foods, 27-28

M

Marketing/advertising (see also Social marketing campaigns)

and adiposity, 6, 122, 125

and eating behavior, 119, 121, 122, 125, 128

expenditures for food marketing, 121

exposure levels of young children, 121

goals, 119

infant formula, 11, 86

recommendations, 14, 125, 126

self-regulatory advertising initiative, 122

unhealthy foods and beverages, 4, 14, 27, 122, 125

voluntary standards, 120, 125

Massachusetts, child care regulation, 30

Milk, flavored, 96-97

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

N

National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 74

National Association for the Education of Young Children, 74

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 19, 154

National Health and Safety Performance Standards, 68

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 47

National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education, 30

National School Lunch Program, 29, 104

National Sleep Foundation, 137, 158

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 106

North Carolina, child care regulation, 30

Nutrition assistance programs, 4 (see also specific programs)

breastfeeding support, 87, 90

and child care licensing, 29

funding, 103

and healthy eating, 12-13, 87, 90, 103

interagency coordination, 29

maximizing participation, 12-13, 103

O

Obesity

chronic diseases associated with, 94

defined, 40, 160

and gut microflora, 154

racial/ethnic differences, 19, 20

Obesogenic environment, 160

Organophosphates, 153

Overweight

chronic diseases associated with, 94

defined, 39, 40-42, 160

“growing out of it,” 1, 19

racial/ethnic differences, 19, 20

P

Parent and family roles, 3-4, 13, 23 (see also Home settings)

advocacy, 75-76

misperceptions of excess weight, 37-38

physical activity, 75-76

Parental weight status

BMI, 44, 45, 48, 49

and childrearing practices, 46

and growth monitoring, 8, 37, 42, 44

and obesity risk, 8, 37, 42 (see also Prenatal influences)

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, 88

PCBs, 153-154

Phthalates, 153, 154

Physical activity

active play, 21, 67-68, 102, 157

adult interactions, 61

Animal Trackers intervention, 65

behavioral mapping, 68-69

built environment and, 5, 9, 23, 27, 61, 62-63, 65-70

in child care settings, 5, 8-9, 29, 61, 65-66, 70

children with disabilities, 5, 9, 61, 67, 69-70, 74

circuit training and endurance activities, 65

and cognitive development, 67

communication with parents about, 5, 10, 73, 75-76

defined, 161

environmental interventions, 65-66

evidence base, 60, 67, 70

family-based interventions, 64-65

goals, 59

Healthy People 2020 objectives, 29, 123

infants, 5, 8-9, 60, 61-63, 70-71, 74-75

information and resources on, 74

light levels of, 9, 61, 63-64, 65-66, 68-69, 159

in low-income neighborhoods, 27-28

measurement of, 63-64

moderate levels of, 9, 29, 61, 63, 64, 65-66, 67, 68-69, 73-74, 160

and motor development, 62, 63

“move and learn” activity curriculum, 65

neighborhood and community venues, 68-69

outdoor activities, 5, 8, 9, 61, 62, 65, 66-67, 68, 69-70, 75, 76

parental role, 75-76

Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 60, 63

potential actions, 61

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

Public Playground Safety Handbook, 68

and punishment, 61

racial/ethnic differences, 69

rationale for, 61-70, 73-76

recommendations, 2, 5, 8-9, 60-61, 67

screen time and, 123

social marketing campaign, 127-128

standards for child care, 29, 60-61, 64, 68, 70, 71

structured, 9, 61, 65, 74, 162

toddlers and preschoolers, 9, 61, 63-64, 75

training health and education professionals, 10, 67, 72-76

trends, 21, 59, 64

unstructured, 9, 61, 66, 162

vigorous levels of, 9, 29, 61, 63, 64, 65-66, 67, 68-69, 73-74, 162

and weight gain, 59, 60, 63, 67, 70

Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 60, 63

Plagiocephaly, 71

Polyfluoroalkyls, 154

Preeclampsia, 51-52

Prenatal influences, 4-5

adiposity in children, 50

chemicals, drugs, and microorganisms, 24, 47, 153-154

diet and exercise interventions, 49, 50

gestational diabetes, 46, 49-51

gestational weight gain, 45, 46, 47-49, 51

intergenerational cycle, 46

maternal BMI, 48, 49, 50

metabolic consequences of maternal weight, 46-47, 50, 51

potential interventions, 47

prepregnancy weight, 24, 45-47, 48, 51

research challenges, 48, 49, 51

smoking, 45, 51-52, 153

Prevalence

gestational diabetes, 50

obesity/overweight in young adults, 138

obesity/overweight in young children, 1, 19, 20, 43-44, 63, 140

prepregnancy overweight, 46

Professional training

and activity levels of children, 73-74

certification and continuing education from national organizations, 73

for counseling parents and caregivers, 6-7, 10, 13, 72-73, 107, 121

defined, 161

degree programs, 73, 107

in healthy eating, 13, 107

rationale for recommendations, 73-76

regulatory requirements, 73

staff development in child care settings, 107

Public Playground Safety Handbook, 68

Q

Quality Rating and Improvement System (QRIS), 28, 29

R

Rational for prevention in early childhood, 20-21

Recommendations

breastfeeding, 11, 86

context for, 4-7, 27-28

decreasing sedentary behavior, 9-10, 70

formulation approach, 2, 26-28, 149-151

growth monitoring, 5, 8, 38-44

healthy eating, 2, 5-6, 11-13, 93, 97, 98, 101, 107

implemention strategies, 2-3

marketing standards, 14, 125

physical activity, 2, 5, 8-9, 60-61, 67

revising, 7

screen time for 2- to 5-year-olds, 6, 13-14, 120, 124

sleep duration, 15, 136

social marketing prevention campaigns, 14, 126

training professionals to counsel parents/caregivers, 10, 13, 15, 72-73, 107

Reconciliation Act of 2010, 88

Regulation of child care (see Standards for chld care)

Research on obesity prevention

barriers, 25

Responsive feeding, 6, 12, 21-22, 85, 98-101, 102, 161

Risk of later obesity, 19-20, 43-44, 45, 47-48

S

School Breakfast Program, 104

Screen time

AAP guidelines, 120, 123-124

and adiposity and obesity, 6, 19-20, 119, 122, 123, 124-125

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

in bedrooms and sleep areas, 14, 15, 120, 124

and BMI, 123, 124-125

in child care settings, 13, 29-30, 72, 121, 122

and cognitive development, 124

coordination between parents and caregivers, 13, 121, 122

counseling parents/caregivers, 13, 121, 124

defined, 123, 162

exposure trends, 21, 119, 120, 122

goals, 119

Healthy People 2020 objectives, 123

at home, 14, 15, 120, 122, 124

and physical activity, 123

race/ethnicity and, 124

rationale for recommendations, 121-124

recommendations, 6, 13-14, 120, 124

research challenges, 120

and sleep duration, 137

standards, 29-30

television advertising, 6, 119-120, 121, 122, 125

training professionals to counsel parents/caregivers, 13, 121

and weight gain, 72

Sedentary behavior (see also Physical activity)

electronic media use and, 72, 75

interventions, 10, 70, 72

measurement of, 71-72

quality of child care center and, 72

rational for recommendations, 70-72

recommendations, 9-10, 70

standards for child care, 29-30, 70

Self-regulation by young children

caloric intake, 6, 12, 98, 99, 100, 101, 107

sleep, 15, 136, 142

Sleep

and adiposity, 138

adverse health outcomes of deficits, 135-136, 137-138

and BMI, 137-138

in child care settings, 6-7, 15, 136

circadian misalignment, 138-139

counseling parents and caregivers on, 6-7, 15, 142

daytime napping, 15, 136, 138

developmentally appropriate durations, 137, 158

disturbances and disorders, 135, 139

and eating behavior and diet, 138

environment for, 6, 15, 136

epidemiologic evidence, 135-136

goal, 135

interventions, 140-142

and neurocognitive functioning, 139

parental behavior and, 139

and physical activity, 137

poor sleep hygiene, 139, 161

position for infants, 71

racial/ethnic differences, 124, 135

recommendations, 15, 136

and screen time, 137

self-regulation by young children, 15, 136, 142

training professionals to counsel parents/caregivers, 15, 136-137

trends in young children, 6-7, 21, 135

and weight status, 138

Sleeping and Intake Methods Taught to Infants and Mothers Early in Life (SLIMTIME), 140-141

Smoking, maternal, 45, 51-52, 153

Social marketing campaigns

5-4-3-2-1 Go!, 128

coordination with health care providers and community service agencies, 128

core messages, 127

costs, 127-128

defined, 126

examples of successful programs, 126, 127-128

format of information, 128

goals, 6, 120

key elements, 126

parents as targets, 128

recommendations, 14, 126

VERB, 127-128

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (see WIC program)

Standards for child care

accreditation of programs, 28-29

fostering adoption of, 28-29

healthy eating, 30, 101

incentives for adoption of state voluntary standards, 29

infants, 101

mandatory regulation, 29-30

nutrition program funding and, 29

outdoor play areas, 68, 70

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
×

outreach campaigns, 28

physical activity, 29, 60-61, 64, 68, 70, 71

Quality Rating and Improvement System, 28, 29

screen time, 29-30

sleep duration, 136

time spent in confining equipment, 71

training for providers, 73

Statement of task, 2, 3, 4, 18

Study approach

evidence gathering and assessment, 24-26

exploring child care standards, 28-30

formulating recommendations, 2, 26-28

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 71

Sugar-sweetened beverages, 19, 96, 97, 158, 162

Summer Food Service Program, 104

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, 13, 103, 104

Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding, 87-88

Surgeon General’s Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation, 60

T

Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, 89, 91

Tennessee, child care regulation, 30, 101

Texas, child care regulation, 30

Toddlers/preschoolers (see also Healthy eating)

defined, 161, 162

hunger and fullness cues, 98-101

physical activity, 9, 61, 63-64, 75

sedentary behavior, limiting, 70

sleep duration, 137

stroller use, 70

Training (see Professional training)

Type 2 diabetes, 46, 50, 94, 96

U

Underweight, defined, 40

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 89, 157

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 102

University of Idaho, 102

U.S. Department of Agriculture

child care nutrition standards, 29, 94

Cooperative Extension programs, 22

dietary guidelines for children under 2, 12, 97, 158

information and educational resources, 102

and marketing standards, 14, 125

nutrition assistance programs, 13, 22, 75, 103, 104

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 11, 12, 23, 29, 86, 97, 126, 158

V

VERB campaign, 127-128

W

Washington, DC, child care regulation, 30

Washington State University, 102

Weight-for-length or -height, 8, 19, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43-44, 138, 140, 142

Weight gain

gestational, 45, 46, 47-49, 51

monitoring, 8, 19, 37, 42, 43

and neurocognitive outcomes, 44

and obesity risk, 44

preterm infants, 44

rate in children, 8, 19, 35, 37, 42, 43-44

sugar-sweetened beverages and, 96

WIC program, 11, 13, 22, 26, 36, 37, 75, 87, 90, 103, 104, 160

Workplace breastfeeding policies, 11, 28, 87, 88-89, 90

World Health Organization (WHO)

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, 11, 86, 88, 89, 90, 157

growth charts, 8, 35, 36, 38-39, 42

International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute, 11, 86

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13124.
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Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system.

Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep.

In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.

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