Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 655
Appendix C
Literature Search Strategy
This appendix contains a detailed explanation of how the literature
searches were performed for each vaccine and adverse event reviewed by
the committee. The searches were performed by William Mcleod, Senior
Research Librarian at the National Academies.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DATABASES USED
IN THE LITERATURE SEARCH
All searches were run against MEDLINE (1950–present), EMBASE
(1980–present), BIOSIS (1969–2005), and Web of Science consisting of
Science Citation Index (1900–present) and Social Science Citation Index
(1956–present). There were no restrictions placed on year of publication,
language, or publication type. All result sets were deduplicated to eliminate
occurrence of the same reference two or more times among the databases
employed, and all results were exported to an EndNote Library.
MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
OVID command-line syntax is provided below. Terms immediately fol-
lowed by a forward slash (/) are Medical Subject Headings (MeSH headings
from MEDLINE) or EMTREE terms (from the EMBASE controlled vo-
cabulary). The asterisk after some terms (*) is the OVID unlimited trunca-
tion symbol (for example, rat*, will retrieve rat, rats, ratify, rational, etc.).
The postqualification .ti,ab. means that a term was searched only in the
titles and abstracts. Exp means that a term was “exploded” in the MeSH
655
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656 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
or EMTREE vocabulary to also capture all narrower terms associated with
the broader concept.
BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of Science (Science
Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
All BIOSIS search terms were submitted to the database using key-
word or keyword-phrase searches and were not qualified or limited to a
specific field. In OVID SP BIOSIS, when a search term is not qualified, it
is automatically searched in the following fields: abstract; biosystematic
code; book title; chemicals and biochemicals; concept codes; diseases; gene
name; major concepts; miscellaneous descriptors; methods and equipment;
organisms; parts, structure; sequence data; super taxa; titles; taxa notes;
text words; heading words; subject headings; and meeting information.
All Web of Science searches were submitted to the databases as topic
searches that automatically search titles, abstracts, and author-supplied
keywords.
MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VACCINE
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Searches in
MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine searches in MEDLINE and
EMBASE started with four “base sets” with which all specific adverse
events identified for consideration were combined:
1. Measles mumps rubella vaccine/
2. (Measles vaccine/ or (vaccination/ and measles/))
3. (Mumps vaccine/ or (vaccination/ and mumps/))
4. (Rubella vaccine/ or (vaccination/ and rubella/))
Each set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair re-
sulting from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis/ or anaphylactic shock/
• Exp arthralgia/ or exp arthritis/ or arthropathy, neurogenic/ or exp
arthropathy/
• Autistic disorder/ or autism/ or infantile autism/
• (Asperger syndrome/ or Rett syndrome/ or schizophrenia, child-
hood/ or child development disorders, pervasive/ or childhood
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657
APPENDIX C
disintegrative disorder/ or pervasive development disorder not
otherwise specified/
• Exp ataxia/
• Brachial plexus neuritis/
• Chronic fatigue syndrome/ or fatigue syndrome, chronic/
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/ or polyra-
diculoneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating/ or exp
multiple sclerosis
• Exp complex regional pain syndromes/ or exp complex regional
pain syndrome/
• Seizures/ or seizures, febrile/ or convulsion/ or exp epilepsies, myo-
clonic/ or spasms, infantile/ or myoclonus epilepsy/ or myoclonus
seizure/ or myoclonus/ or convulsion?.ti,ab.
• Exp encephalitis/ or exp encephalitis, viral/
• Exp brain disease/ or encephal*.ti,ab.
• Fibromyalgia/
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• Exp hearing loss/
• Hepatitis/
• Diabetes mellitus, type 1/ or insulindependent diabetes mellitus/
• Exp GuillainBarré syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• Opsoclonusmyoclonus syndrome/
• Exp syncope/
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Searches in
BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of Science (Science
Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of
Science started with four “base sets” with which all specific adverse events
identified for consideration were combined:
1. (((“Measles mumps rubella” or MMR) adj vaccin*) or “Triviraten
Berna” or Priorix or Trimovax or Virivac or Pluserix)
2. (Measles vaccin* or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and measles))
3. (Mumps vaccin* or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and mumps))
4. (Rubella vaccin* or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and rubella))
Each set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
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658 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock or anaphylactic reaction
• Arthropath* or arthrit* or arthralgia
• (Autism or autistic or “Kanner? syndrome”)
• (“Autism spectrum” or “Rett? syndrome” or “Asperger? syn-
drome” or “child* schizophrenia” or “pervasive child* devel-
opment* disorder?” or “pervasive development disorder?” or
“disintegrative disorder?”)
• (Ataxia? or “coordination impairment?” or dyssynergia or rubral
tremor?)
• (“Brachial plexus neuritis” or “brachial neuritis” or “brachial
neuralgia?” or “amyotroph* neuralgi*” or “cervicobrachial neu-
ralgia?” or “cervico-brachial neuralgia?” or “Parsonage-Turner
syndrome” or “Parsonage-Aldren-Turner syndrome” or “brachial
neuritides” or “shoulder-girdle neuropath*” or “brachial plexus
neuritides”)
• (“Fatigue syndrome?” or “chronic fatigue” or “myalgic encephalo-
myelitis” or “fatigue disorder” or “royal free disease” or “postviral
fatigue syndrome?”)
• (“Chronic remitting demyelinating disease?” or “disseminated
neuropathy”)
• (Polyneuropath* or polyradiculoneuropath* or multiple sclerosis)
• (Complex regional pain or causalgia or reflex sympathetic
dystrophy)
• (Epileps* or myoclon* or spasm* or convulsion? or seizure?)
• (Encephalitis or brain inflammation or encephalomyelitis)
• Brain disease? or encephal*
• (Fibromyalgia? or fibrositis or fibrositides or “myofascial pain
syndrome”)
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bur-
sitides or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periar-
thritis or periarthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial
impingement)
• (“Hearing loss” or deafness or hypoacusis or hypoacuses or “hear-
ing impairment”)
• Hepatitis
• (“Insulindependent diabetes” or “type1 diabetes” or “juvenile
onset diabetes” or “sudden-onset diabetes” or IDDM or “brittle
diabetes” or “autoimmune diabetes” or “ketosis-prone diabetes”)
• (Meningitis or meningo* or meningeal or arachnoiditis or menin-
gitides or pachymeningitis or pachymeningitides)
• Demyelinating or encephalomyelitis or “Guillain Barre” or myelitis
• (“Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome” or “dancing eyes dancing feet
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659
APPENDIX C
syndrome” or “opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia” or “Kinsbourne
syndrome”)
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
VARICELLA VACCINE
Varicella Vaccine Searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
Varicella vaccine searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE started with one
“base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consideration
were combined:
1. Exp chickenpox vaccine/ or ((vaccines/ or vaccination/) and
chickenpox/)
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair result-
ing from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis/ or anaphylactic shock/
• Exp arthralgia/ or exp arthritis/ or arthropathy, neurogenic/ or exp
arthropathy/
• Exp cerebellar ataxia/ or spinocerebellar ataxias/ or ataxia telangi-
ectasia/ or Machado-Joseph disease/
• Exp myocardial infarction/ or exp stroke/ or exp death, sudden/
• Seizures/ or seizures, febrile/ or convulsion/ or exp epilepsies, myo-
clonic/ or spasms, infantile/ or myoclonus epilepsy/ or myoclonus
seizure/ or myoclonus/ or convulsion?.ti,ab.
• “Oka VZV”.ti,ab,sh. or “Oka varicella”.ti,ab.
• (“Varicella zoster virus”.mp. or “herpesvirus 3, human”/) and (im-
munocompromis* or immunosuppress*)
• (Disseminat* adj2 Oka)
• Exp brain disease/ or encephal*.ti,ab.
• Exp encephalitis/ or exp encephalitis, viral/
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• (Hepatitis adj3 varicella).ti,ab. [Looks for hepatitis within 3 words,
minus stop words (articles, prepositions) of varicella in any order.]
• Exp meningitis/
• Exp GuillainBarré syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• Exp pneumonia/
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660 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
• Exp stroke/ or exp myocardial infarction/ or exp death, sudden/
• Exp syncope/
• Exp lupus erythematosus, systemic/
• Exp thrombocytopenia/ or hemolyticuremic syndrome/ or Jacob-
sen distal 11q deletion syndrome/ or purpura, thrombocytopenic/
or thrombocytopenia, neonatal alloimmune/
Varicella Vaccine Searches in BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of
Science (Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
Varicella vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of Science started with
one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consid-
eration were combined:
1. (Chickenpox vaccin* or varicella vaccin*) or ((vaccin* or immu-
niz*) and (chicken pox or varicella))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock or anaphylactic reaction
• Arthropathy or arthritis or arthralgia
• Cerebellar ataxia? or cerebellar incoordination? or cerebellar dys-
metria? or hypermetria? or adiadochokinesis or adiadochokineses
or cerebellar hemiataxia? or spinocerebellar ataxia* or spinocer-
ebellar atrophy or ataxia telangiectasia or Machado-Joseph disease
or Louis-Bar syndrome or Azorean disease
• (“Myocardial infarction?” or “heart attack” or stroke or “sudden
death”)
• Convulsion? or spasm? or myoclon* or seizure?
• Oka vzv or Oka varicella
• (Disseminat* adj2 Oka)
• Brain disease? or encephal* or brain disorder?
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bur-
sitides or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periar-
thritis or periarthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial
impingement)
• Varicella adj3 hepatitis [varicella within 3 words, minus stop
words, of hepatitis]
• Meningitis or meningitides or pachymeningitis or pachymeningiti-
des or meningoencephalitis or arachnoiditis
• Demyelinating or encephalomyelitis or “Guillain Barre” or myelitis
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661
APPENDIX C
• (Varicella zoster virus or “herpesvirus 3” or “VZ virus*” or
“HHV-3” or “ocular herpes zoster virus” or “chickenpox vi-
rus*” or “herpesvirus varicellae”) and (immunocompromis* or
immunosuppres*)
• Pneumonia or “lung inflammation” or “pulmonary inflammation”
• (Stroke or “myocardial infarction?” or “heart attack” or “sudden
death”)
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
• “Systemic lupus erythematosus” or “LibmanSacks” or “systemic
lupus”
• Thrombocytopenia? or thrombopenia? or hemolyticuremic
syndrome
INFLUENZA VACCINE
Influenza Vaccine Searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
Influenza vaccine searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE started with one
“base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consideration
were combined:
1. Influenza vaccines/ or (vaccination/ and influenza, human/)
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair result-
ing from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis/ or anaphylactic shock/
• Exp arthralgia/ or exp arthritis/ or arthropathy, neurogenic/ or exp
arthropathy/
• Asthma/ or status asthmaticus/
• Bell palsy/
• Brachial plexus neuritis/
• Exp myocardial infarction/ or exp stroke/ or exp death, sudden/
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/ or polyra-
diculoneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating/ or exp
multiple sclerosis/ or neuromyelitis optica/
• Exp complex regional pain syndromes/ or exp complex regional
pain syndrome/
• Seizures/ or seizures, febrile/ or convulsion/ or exp epilepsies, myo-
clonic/ or spasms, infantile/ or myoclonus epilepsy/ or myoclonus
seizure/ or myoclonus/ or convulsion?.ti,ab.
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662 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
• Exp encephalitis/ or exp encephalitis, viral/
• Exp brain disease/ or encephalopath*.ti,ab.
• Fibromyalgia/
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• Exp GuillainBarré syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• “Oculorespiratory syndrome?”.ti,ab.
• Polyarteritis nodosa/
• “Small fiber neuropath*”.ti,ab.
• Exp lupus erythematosus, systemic/
• Exp syncope/
• Exp Vasculitis/
Influenza Vaccine Searches in BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of
Science (Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
Influenza vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of Science started with
one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consid-
eration were combined:
1. (Flu vaccine or influenza vaccine? or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and
(influenza or flu)))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock or anaphylactic reaction
• Arthropath* or arthrit* or arthralgia
• Asthma*
• (“Bell? palsy” or “facial paralys*” or “facial neuropath*”)
• (Brachial neuritis or brachial plexus neuritis or neuralgia or bra-
chial plexus neuropath*)
• (“Myocardial infarction?” or “heart attack” or stroke or “sudden
death”)
• (“Chronic remitting demyelinating disease?” or “disseminated neu-
ropathy” or “multiple sclerosis” or “neuromyelitis optica”)
• (Polyneuropath* or polyradiculoneuropath* or multiple sclerosis
or neuromyelitis optica)
• (Complex regional pain or causalgia or reflex sympathetic
dystrophy)
• (Epileps* or myoclon* or spasm* or convulsion? or seizure?)
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663
APPENDIX C
• (Encephalitis or brain inflammation or encephalomyelitis)
• Brain disease? or encephal*
• (Fibromyalgia? or fibrositis or fibrositides or “myofascial pain
syndrome”)
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bur-
sitides or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periar-
thritis or periarthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial
impingement)
• Demyelinating or encephalomyelitis or “Guillain Barre” or myelitis
• “Oculorespiratory syndrome?”
• (“Polyarteritis nodosa” or “periarteritis nodosa” or “essential
polyarteritis” or “necrotizing arteritis”)
• “Small fiber neuropath*”
• “Systemic lupus” or “LibmanSacks”
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
• (Vasculitis or vasculitides or angiitis or angiitides or aortitis or
arteritis or phlebitis or “Behcet syndrome” or “Wegener granulo-
matosis” or thrombophlebitis or papulosis)
HEPATITIS A VACCINE
Hepatitis A Vaccine Searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
Hepatitis A vaccine searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE started with
one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consid-
eration were combined:
1. (Hepatitis a vaccines/ or ((vaccination/ or vaccines/) and (hepatitis
a/ or hepatitis a virus, human/)))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair result-
ing from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis/ or anaphylactic shock/
• Bell palsy/
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/ or polyra-
diculoneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating/ or exp
multiple sclerosis
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• Hepatitis, autoimmune/ or autoimmune hepatitis/
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664 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
• Exp GuillainBarre syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• Exp syncope/
Hepatitis A Vaccine Searches in BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of
Science (Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
Hepatitis A vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of Science started with
one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consid-
eration were combined:
1. (“Hepatitis a vaccin*” or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and hepatitis a))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock or anaphylactic reaction
• (“Bell? palsy” or “facial paralys*” or “facial neuropath*”)
• (“Chronic remitting demyelinating disease?” or “disseminated
neuropathy”)
• (Polyneuropath* or polyradiculoneuropath* or multiple sclerosis)
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bursitides
or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periarthritis or peri-
arthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial impingement)
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Demyelinating or encephalomyelitis or “Guillain Barre” or myelitis
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
HEPATITIS B VACCINE
Hepatitis B Vaccine Searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
Hepatitis B vaccine searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE started with
one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consid-
eration were combined:
1. Hepatitis b vaccines/ or (vaccination/ and (hepatitis b virus/ or
hepatitis b/)) /)
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair result-
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665
APPENDIX C
ing from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis/ or anaphylactic shock/
• Exp arthralgia/ or exp arthritis/ or arthropathy, neurogenic/ or exp
arthropathy/
• Brachial plexus neuritis/
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/ or polyra-
diculoneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating/ or exp
multiple sclerosis/ or neuromyelitis optica/
• Exp complex regional pain syndrome/ or exp complex regional
pain syndromes/
• Seizures/ or seizures, febrile/ or convulsion/ or exp epilepsies, myo-
clonic/ or spasms, infantile/ or myoclonus epilepsy/ or myoclonus
seizure/ or myoclonus/ or convulsion?.ti,ab.
• Exp encephalitis/ or exp encephalitis, viral/
• Exp brain disease/ or encephalopath*.ti,ab.
• Erythema nodosum/
• Fibromyalgia/
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• Exp GuillainBarré syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• Polyarteritis nodosa/
• Exp lupus erythematosus, systemic/
• Exp syncope/
• Exp vasculitis/
Hepatitis B Vaccine Searches in BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of
Science (Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
Hepatitis B vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of Science started with
one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consid-
eration were combined:
1. (“Hepatitis b vaccin*” or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and hepatitis b))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
• (Arthrit* or arthropath* or arthralgia)
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666 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
• (Brachial neuritis or brachial plexus neuritis or neuralgia or bra-
chial plexus neuropath*)
• (Polyneuropath* or polyradiculoneuropath* or multiple sclerosis
or neuromyelitis optica)
• (Complex regional pain or causalgia or reflex sympathetic
dystrophy)
• (Epileps* or myoclon* or spasm* or convulsion? or seizure?)
• (Encephalitis or brain inflammation or encephalomyelitis)
• (Encephal* or brain disease?)
• (Erythema nodosum or erythematous)
• (Fibromyalgia? or fibrositis or fibrositides or “myofascial pain
syndrome”)
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bur-
sitides or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periar-
thritis or periarthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial
impingement)
• (GuillainBarré or myelitis or encephalomyelitis)
• (Polyarteritis or periarteritis or necrotizing arteritis)
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
• (Systemic lupus or LibmanSacks disease)
• (Vasculitis or angiitis or angiitides or aortitis or arteritis or Behcet
syndrome or phlebitis or thrombophlebitis or endarteritis)
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Searches in
MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
HPV vaccine searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE started with one
“base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consideration
were combined:
1. Papillomavirus vaccines/ or (vaccination/ and (papillomaviridae/ or
papillomavirus infections/))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair result-
ing from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/
• Anaphylactic shock/ or anaphylaxis/
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667
APPENDIX C
• Exp arthralgia/ or exp arthritis/ or arthropathy, neurogenic/ or exp
arthropathy/
• Brachial plexus neuritis/
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/ or polyra-
diculoneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating/ or exp
multiple sclerosis/ or neuromyelitis optica/
• Seizures/ or seizures, febrile/ or convulsion/ or exp epilepsies, myo-
clonic/ or spasms, infantile/ or myoclonus epilepsy/ or myoclonus
seizure/ or myoclonus/ or convulsion?.ti,ab.
• Exp encephalitis/ or exp encephalitis, viral/
• Exp brain disease/ or encephal*.ti,ab.
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• Hypercoagulab*
• Exp GuillainBarré syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• Exp pancreatitis/
• Exp lupus erythematosus, systemic/
• Exp syncope/
• Thromboembolism/ or thromboembol*
HPV Vaccine Searches in BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of Science
(Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
HPV vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of Science started with one
“base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for consideration
were combined:
1. (Papillomavirus vaccin* or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and (papillo-
maviridae or papillomavirus)))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock or anaphylactic reaction
• (Arthrit* or arthropath* or arthralgia)
• (Brachial neuritis or brachial plexus neuritis or neuralgia or bra-
chial plexus neuropath*)
• (Polyneuropath* or polyradiculoneuropath* or multiple sclerosis
or neuromyelitis optica)
• (Epileps* or myoclon* or spasm* or convulsion? or seizure?)
OCR for page 668
668 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
• (Encephalitis or brain inflammation or encephalomyelitis)
• (Encephal* or brain disease?)
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bursitides
or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periarthritis or peri-
arthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial impingement)
• Hypercoagulab*
• (GuillainBarré or encephalomyelitis or myelitis or demyelinating)
• Pancreatitis
• (Systemic lupus or LibmanSacks disease)
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
• Thromboembol*
DIPHTHERIA TOXOID–, TETANUS TOXOID–, AND
ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS–CONTAINING VACCINES
Diphtheria Toxoid (DT)–, Tetanus Toxoid (TT)–, and
Acellular Pertussis (aP)–Containing Vaccine Searches
in MEDLINE and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
DT–, TT–, and aP–containing vaccine searches in MEDLINE and EM-
BASE started with one “base set” with which all specific adverse events
identified for consideration were combined:
1. (Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines/ or diphtheria per-
tussis tetanus vaccine/ or tetanus toxoid/ or “diphtheria-tetanus
vaccine”/ or (“diphtheria tetanus” or “tetanus diphtheria” or
“tetanus and diphtheria” or “diphtheria and tetanus”).ti,ab. or
“tetanus toxoid”.mp. or DTaP.mp. or TDaP.mp. or (vaccin* adj5
(DT or TD or TT)).mp. or “tetanus diphtheria acellular pertussis”.
mp. or “tetanus diphtheria and acellular pertussis”.mp.)
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair result-
ing from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis/ or anaphylactic shock/
• Exp ataxia/
• Exp arthralgia/ or exp arthritis/ or arthropathy, neurogenic/ or exp
arthropathy/
• Autistic disorder/ or autism/ or infantile autism/
• (Asperger syndrome/ or Rett syndrome/ or schizophrenia, childhood/
or child development disorders, pervasive/ or childhood disinte-
OCR for page 669
669
APPENDIX C
grative disorder/ or pervasive development disorder not otherwise
specified/
• Bell palsy/
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/ or polyra-
diculoneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating/ or exp
multiple sclerosis
• Exp urticaria/
• Exp complex regional pain syndromes/ or exp complex regional
pain syndrome/
• Seizures/ or seizures, febrile/ or convulsion/ or exp epilepsies, myo-
clonic/ or spasms, infantile/ or myoclonus epilepsy/ or myoclonus
seizure/ or myoclonus/ or convulsion?.ti,ab.
• Exp encephalitis/ or exp encephalitis, viral/
• Exp brain disease/ or encephal*.ti,ab.
• Fibromyalgia/
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• Exp purpura, thrombocytopenic, ideiopathic/ or idiopathic throm-
bocytopenic purpura/
• Diabetes mellitus, type 1/ or insulindependent diabetes mellitus/
• Exp GuillainBarré syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• Myocarditis/
• Opsoclonusmyoclonus syndrome/
• Exp optic neuritis/
• Serum sickness/
• Sudden infant death/
• Exp syncope/
DT–, TT–, and aP–Containing Vaccine Searches in
BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of Science (Science
Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
DT–, TT–, and aP–containing vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of
Science started with one “base set” with which all specific adverse events
identified for consideration were combined:
1. (((“Diphtheria tetanus acellular pertussis” or “tetanus diphtheria
acellular pertussis” or “diphtheria tetanus” or “tetanus diphtheria”
or “tetanus toxoid” or “tetanus and diphtheria” or “diphtheria and
tetanus” or DTaP or TDAP or DT or TD or TT) adj5 (vaccin* or
immuniz*)) or Tripedia or “Acel-Imune” or Acelimune or Infanrix)
OCR for page 670
670 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock or anaphylactic reaction
• Arthropath* or arthrit* or arthralgia
• (Autism or autistic or “Kanner? syndrome”)
• (“Autism spectrum” or “Rett? syndrome” or “Asperger? syn-
drome” or “child* schizophrenia” or “pervasive child* devel-
opment* disorder?” or “pervasive development disorder?” or
“disintegrative disorder?”)
• (Ataxia? or “coordination impairment?” or dyssynergia or rubral
tremor?)
• (“Bell? palsy” or “facial paralys*” or “facial neuropath*”)
• (“Chronic remitting demyelinating disease?” or “disseminated
neuropathy”)
• (Polyneuropath* or polyradiculoneuropath* or multiple sclerosis)
• (Urticaria? or hives or angioedema)
• (Complex regional pain or causalgia or reflex sympathetic
dystrophy)
• (Epileps* or myoclon* or spasm* or convulsion? or seizure?)
• (Encephalitis or brain inflammation or encephalomyelitis)
• Brain disease? or encephal*
• (Fibromyalgia? or fibrositis or fibrositides or “myofascial pain
syndrome”)
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bur-
sitides or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periar-
thritis or periarthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial
impingement)
• (“Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?” or “Werlhof? disease”
or “autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?” or “autoimmune
thrombocytopenia?”)
• (“Insulindependent diabetes” or “type1 diabetes” or “juvenile
onset diabetes” or “sudden-onset diabetes” or IDDM or “brittle
diabetes” or “autoimmune diabetes” or “ketosis-prone diabetes”)
• Demyelinating or encephalomyelitis or “Guillain Barre” or myelitis
• (Myocarditis or carditis or myocarditides)
• (“Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome” or “dancing eyes dancing feet
syndrome” or “opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia” or “Kinsbourne
syndrome”)
• (“Optic neuritis” or “optic neuritides” or neuropapillitis or neuro-
papillitides or “retrobulbar neuritis”)
• (“Serum sickness?” or “serum disease” or “plasma sensitivity”)
OCR for page 671
671
APPENDIX C
• (“Sudden infant death” or SIDS or “cot death” or “unexpected
infant death”)
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE
Meningococcal Vaccine Searches in MEDLINE
and EMBASE (in OVID SP)
Meningococcal vaccine searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE started
with one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for
consideration were combined:
1. (Meningococcal vaccines/ or MPSV4.mp. or menomune.mp. or
MCV4.mp. or menactra.mp. or ((vaccination/ or vaccines/) and exp
meningitis/))
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair result-
ing from this combination was deduplicated, when the online database
provided this utility, and then exported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis/ or anaphylactic shock/
• Exp headache disorders/ or (chronic adj2 headache?)
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/ or polyra-
diculoneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating/ or exp
multiple sclerosis
• Exp encephalitis/ or exp encephalitis, viral/
• Exp brain disease/ or encephal*.ti,ab.
• Frozen shoulder/ or exp bursitis/ or shoulder impingement syn-
drome/ or exp synovitis/
• Exp GuillainBarré syndrome/ or myelitis, transverse/ or encepha-
lomyelitis, acute disseminated/
• Exp syncope/
Meningococcal Vaccine Searches in BIOSIS (in OVID SP) and Web of
Science (Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
Meningococcal vaccine searches in BIOSIS and Web of Science started
with one “base set” with which all specific adverse events identified for
consideration were combined:
1. (Mening* vaccin* or ((vaccin* or immuniz*) and meningitis))
OCR for page 672
672 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF VACCINES: EVIDENCE AND CAUSALITY
The set above was combined with each of the sets below. Each pair was
deduplicated, when the online database provided this utility, and then ex-
ported to an EndNote library:
• Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock or anaphylactic reaction
• ((Chronic adj2 headache?) or headache disorder? or headache syn-
drome? or cephalgia syndrome? or intractable headache?)
• (“Chronic remitting demyelinating disease?” or “disseminated
neuropathy”)
• (Polyneuropath* or polyradiculoneuropath* or multiple sclerosis)
• (Encephalitis or brain inflammation or encephalomyelitis)
• Brain disease? or encephal*
• (Frozen shoulder or bursitis or synovitis or synovitides or bur-
sitides or adhesive capsulitis or adhesive capsulitides or periar-
thritis or periarthritides or shoulder impingement or subacromial
impingement)
• Demyelinating or encephalomyelitis or “Guillain Barre” or myelitis
• (Syncope or syncopes or syncopal or fainting or (vasovagal adj
(collapse or attack or shock or reaction)))
