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Appendix G
Biographical Sketches of
Committee Members and Staff
Clinton V. Oster, Jr. (Chair) is a professor at the School of Public and En-
vironmental Affairs at Indiana University. Previously, he served as director
of the Transportation Research Center and as associate dean at the School
of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University. His research
focuses on air traffic management and aviation infrastructure, with an em-
phasis on aviation safety. His research also includes airline economics, air-
line competition policy, and energy policy. He has been a consultant to the
U.S. Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration,
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development, state and local governments,
and private-sector companies in the United States, Canada, the United
Kingdom, Russia, and Australia. He is a member of the National Aviation
Advisory Group of the U.S. Government Accountability Office, and he has
been an expert witness for the Environment and Natural Resource Division
and the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. He received a
B.S.E. in chemical engineering from Princeton University, an M.S. in urban
and public affairs from Carnegie Mellon University, and a Ph.D. in econom-
ics from Harvard University.
Benjamin A. Berman is a senior research associate in the Human Systems
Integration Division at the NASA Ames Research Center (affiliated through
San Jose State University), and he is a pilot for a major U.S. air carrier with
9,000 hours of flight experience. Before returning to professional flying
in 2001, he was on the staff of the National Transportation Safety Board
(NTSB), where he served as the chief of the Major Investigations Division
203
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204 THE EFFECTS OF COMMUTING ON PILOT FATIGUE
and led the Operational Factors Division (responsible for flight opera-
tions, air traffic control, and meteorology investigations). At NTSB, he also
served as the flight operations investigator for major cases, including the
USAir B-737 accident in Pittsburgh and the ValuJet DC-9 accident in the
Everglades, and he managed flight crew human factors research projects.
He holds an airline transport pilot certificate with type ratings for the Boe-
ing 777, Boeing 737, Embraer 120, and Dornier 228. He received an A.B.
summa cum laude in economics from Harvard College.
J. Lynn Caldwell is a senior research psychologist for the U.S. Air Force Re-
search Laboratory, currently stationed at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
in Ohio. Previously, she was with the U.S. Army’s Aeromedical Research
Laboratory, where she conducted numerous simulator and in-flight in-
vestigations on fatigue countermeasures and circadian rhythms in rated
military pilots. She has also been a member of the Warfighter Fatigue
Countermeasures Program and a distinguished visiting scholar at the
U.S. Air Force Academy. She has served as a fatigue consultant for vari-
ous U.S. Air Force commands and other military and civilian groups.
She frequently provides fatigue management workshops, safety brief-
ings, and training courses to aviation personnel, flight surgeons, com-
manders, and safety officers. She is certified as a sleep specialist by the
American Board of Sleep Medicine. She received a Ph.D. in experimental
psychology from the University of Southern Mississippi.
David F. Dinges is a professor and chief of the Division of Sleep and Chro-
nobiology and director of the Unit for Experimental Psychiatry in the De-
partment of Psychiatry and associate director of the Center for Sleep and
Circadian Neurobiology at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania. He also leads the neurobehavioral and psychosocial factors
team for the National Space Biomedical Research Institute. His research
focuses on the physiological, neurobehavioral, and cognitive effects of sleep
loss, disturbances of circadian biology, and stress, and the implications of
these unmitigated effects on health and safety. He has been president of the
U.S. Sleep Research Society and of the World Federation of Sleep Research
and Sleep Medicine Societies, and he has served on the board of directors of
the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the National Sleep Founda-
tion. He is currently editor-in-chief of Sleep. His awards include the 2004
Decade of Behavior Research Award from the American Psychological
Association and the 2007 NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal. He
has an A.B. in psychology from Saint Benedict’s College, an M.S. in physi-
ological psychology from Saint Louis University, an honorary M.A. from
the University of Pennsylvania, and a Ph.D. in physiological psychology
from Saint Louis University.
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205
APPENDIX G
R. Curtis Graeber is the president of The Graeber Group, Ltd. Previously,
he served as the chief engineer for human factors and director of regional
safety programs at Boeing Commercial Airplanes and in other several
management positions in research, airplane design, and safety. He also led
Boeing’s efforts to improve regional safety, including industry development
and implementation of the global aviation safety roadmap. Before joining
Boeing, he led the flight crew fatigue research program at NASA’s Ames Re-
search Center and served as chief of flight human factors. He also served as
the human factors specialist for the Presidential Commission on the Space
Shuttle Challenger Accident. He is a fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Soci-
ety and the Aerospace Medical Association. He has chaired working groups
for the Federal Aviation Administration, the Flight Safety Foundation, and
the International Civil Aviation Organization. His safety-related awards in-
clude the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators’ Cumberbatch Trophy and
the Aerospace Medical Association’s Boothby-Edwards Award. He serves
as chair of Air New Zealand’s Independent Alertness Advisory Panel, and
he is a member of the board of directors of the National Sleep Foundation.
He received a Ph.D. in neuropsychology from the University of Virginia.
David E. Meyer is a faculty member of the Cognition and Cognitive Neu-
roscience Program in the Department of Psychology at the University of
Michigan. Previously, he worked in the Human Information Processing
Research Department at Bell Telephone Laboratories. His teaching and
his research have dealt with fundamental aspects of human perception,
attention, learning, memory, language, movement production, reaction
time, multitasking, executive mental control, human-computer interaction,
personality and cognitive style, cognitive aging, cognitive neuroscience,
mathematical models, and computational models. He is a fellow in the
Society of Experimental Psychologists, the American Psychological Society,
the American Psychological Association, and the American Association for
the Advancement of Science. The American Psychological Association has
honored him with its Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award. He is
a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He received a Ph.D. from
the University of Michigan.
Mary Ellen O’Connell (Senior Staff Officer) is deputy director for the Board
on Human-Systems Integration and the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive,
and Sensory Sciences at the National Research Council (NRC). At the
NRC, she has served as study director for five major consensus studies: on
prevention of mental disorders and substance abuse, international educa-
tion and foreign languages, ethical considerations for research on housing-
related health hazards involving children, reducing underage drinking, and
assessing and improving children’s health. She also organized workshops
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206 THE EFFECTS OF COMMUTING ON PILOT FATIGUE
on welfare reform and children and gun violence. Previously, she held
various positions at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS), including serving as director of state and local initiatives in the Of-
fice of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Her previous
positions also include work on homeless policy and program design at the
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and as director of
field services for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. She has a B.A. with
distinction from Cornell University and an M.A. in the management of hu-
man services from the Heller School for Social Policy and Management at
Brandeis University.
Matthew Rizzo is professor of neurology, engineering, and public policy at
the University of Iowa. At the university, he is also vice chair for clinical/
translational research and director of the division of neuroergonomics, its
visual function laboratory, and its instrumented vehicles in the Department
of Neurology, as well as director of the University Aging Mind and Brain
Initiative. His clinical interests and activities include behavioral neurology,
cognitive neuroscience, and memory disorders. His research interests in-
clude behavioral disturbances resulting from central nervous system injury,
neural substrates of human vision (including attention and visuomotor
control), aging and dementia, driving performance, and driving simula-
tion. He has conducted research on fatigue and truckers for the National
Institutes of Health and the Iowa Department of Transportation. He is a
member of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Neurologi-
cal Association, the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, the Society for
Neuroscience, and the Vision Sciences Society. He has an M.D. from Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine.
David J. Schroeder is a private consultant. Previously, he was a manager of
the Aerospace Human Factors Research Division at the Civil Aero Medi-
cal Institute of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), where he also
served as supervisor of clinical psychology research and as the long-time
administrator of the FAA’s Employee Attitude Survey. His research is docu-
mented in over 40 Office of Aviation Medicine (OAM) technical reports
and in more than 125 presentations in a range of areas, including disori-
entation, job attitudes, stress, age, shiftwork and fatigue, and color vision.
He assisted with the psychological screening of federal air marshals during
their post-9/11 hiring increase. He was the Office of Aviation Medicine
Manager of the Year in 2005 and led his division to become the OAM Of-
fice of the Year in 1999 and 2005. He is past president of the Oklahoma
Psychological Association, the Division of Applied Experimental and En-
gineering Psychology of the American Psychological Association, and the
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207
APPENDIX G
Aerospace Medical Association. He has a Ph.D. in psychology from the
University of Oklahoma.
Toby Warden (Study Director) is a program officer with the Board on
Human-Systems Integration of the National Research Council (NRC). Pre-
viously, she worked as a program officer with the NRC’s Board on At-
mospheric Sciences and Climate, serving as study director for the projects
that published Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations,
and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia and When Weather Matters: Sci
ence and Service to Meet Critical Societal Needs. Prior to joining the NRC
staff, she had extensive experience as a program manager and community
organizer in the fields of public health and youth advocacy in Boston,
Massachusetts. Her doctoral research applied quantitative and qualitative
methodologies to examine the rise of the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection
Agreement. She has a B.A. in history, magna cum laude, and a Ph.D. in so-
cial ecology with an emphasis on environmental analysis and design, both
from the University of California, Irvine.
J. Frank Yates is an Arthur F. Thurnau professor, a professor of psychology,
a professor of marketing and business administration, and a principal in
the Judgment and Decision Laboratory of the Department of Psychology,
all at the University of Michigan. He is also the coordinator of the Decision
Consortium, which is a University of Michigan-wide association of faculty
and students whose scholarship includes significant decision-making ele-
ments. The main focus of his research is on decision making at both the
theoretical and practical levels. That work has emphasized understanding
how people decide in the challenging conditions of real life and developing
means of assisting them to decide better in those circumstances. He is a past
president of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making and is active
in a variety of other efforts to advance decision scholarship, including ef-
forts involving scholarly journals. He has been an active member of many
government and other organizations, including the advisory panel of the
Decision, Risk, and Management Science Program at the National Science
Foundation. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan.
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