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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2011. Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13208.
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REFERENCES

Bozeman, B., and D. Sarewitz. 2005. Public values and public failure in US science policy. Science and Public Policy, 32:119-136.

Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century. 2007. Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Cutler, D., and Kadiyala, S. 2003. The returns to biomedical research: treatment and behavioral effects. In Measuring the Gains from Medical Research: An Economic Approach, edited by K Murphy and R. Topel, pp. 110-162. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Health Economics Research Group, Office of Health Economics, and RAND Europe. 2008. Medical Research: What’s It worth? Estimating the Economic Benefits from Medical Research in the UK. London: Evaluation Forum.

Heidenreich, P., and McClellan, M. 2003. Biomedical research and then some: the causes of technological change in heart attack treatment. In Measuring the Gains from Medical Research: An Economic Approach, edited by K. Murphy and R. Topel, pp. 163-205. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lichtenberg, F. R., and Sampat, B. N. 2011. What are the respective roles of the public and private sectors in pharmaceutical innovation? Health Affairs 30(2):332-9.

Manton, K., Gu, X., Lowrimore, G., Ullian, A., and Tolley, H. 2009. NIH funding trajectories and their correlations with US health dynamics from 1950 to 2004. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 106(27): 10981-6.

Morlacchi, P., and Nelson, R. 2011. How medical practice evolves: the case of the left ventricular assist device. Research Policy, 40(4):511-525

Pardey, P. G., Alston, J. M., Christian, J. E., and Fan, S. 1996. Hidden Harvest: U.S. Benefits from International Research Aid. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Roach, M., and Cohen, W. 2011. Patent citations as measures of knowledge flows from public research: a comparison with survey data from U.S. R and D labs. In preparation.

Roach, M., and Sauermann, H. 2010. A taste for science? Ph.D. scientists' academic orientation and self-selection into research careers in industry. Research Policy, 39(3):422-434.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2011. Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13208.
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Sampat, B. N., and Azoulay, P. 2011. The impact of publicly funded biomedical and health research: a review. (See Appendix D)

Stevens, A. J., Jensen, J.J., Wyller, K., Kilgore, P.C., Chatterjee, S. and Rohrbaugh, M.. 2011. The role of public-sector research in the discovery of drugs and vaccines. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(6):535-541.

Toole, A. A. 2007. Does public scientific research complement private investment in research and development in the pharmaceutical industry? The Journal of Law and Economics, 50(1):81-104.

Ward, M., and Dranove, D. 1995. The vertical chain of research and development in the pharmaceutical industry. Economic Inquiry, 33: 70-87.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2011. Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13208.
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Page 89
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2011. Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13208.
×
Page 90
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The enactment of the America COMPETES Act in 2006 (and its reauthorization in 2010), the increase in research expenditures under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), and President Obama's general emphasis on the contribution of science and technology to economic growth have all heightened interest in the role of scientific and engineering research in creating jobs, generating innovative technologies, spawning new industries, improving health, and producing other economic and societal benefits. Along with this interest has come a renewed emphasis on a question that has been asked for decades: Can the impacts and practical benefits of research to society be measured either quantitatively or qualitatively?

On April 18-19, 2011, the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) and the Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (COSEPUP) of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, held a workshop to examine this question. The workshop sought to assemble the range of work that has been done in measuring research outcomes and to provide a forum to discuss its method. The workshop was motivated by a 2009 letter from Congressman Rush Holt (D-New Jersey). He asked the National Academies to look into a variety of complex and interconnected issues, such as the short-term and long-term economic and non-economic impact of federal research funding, factors that determine whether federally funded research discoveries result in economic benefits, and quantification of the impacts of research on national security, the environment, health, education, public welfare, and decision making.

Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research provides the key observations and suggestions made by the speakers at the workshop and during the discussions that followed the formal presentations.

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