Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1970s: Volume 1: Report of the Astronomy Survey Committee (1972)

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Index Absolute lncrtlalaystem, 102 aedYitin of, at cdloiQtionaJ iMthutioftl Ad'¥Ueed cMlizatloM (extraterm-trial), (Tobie), S9 49-;ll • aanllll ott of prod~lo• of PbD's Ad..aced RCUII.Idl Projects A&eftCY, 71 (flawc),S7 AEC,tee Atomic E.ncl:IY Commission ......,cterbtieo or (Table), S9 AVcnll. 4. 71.109 Astrometrk irutrumentJ, recommend~· Aircnft, btUoona, and rocteu., 90-91, lloo ror, 9 121 Asttome-tr)',ll, 102-104 OOIU.,91, 119 com. 104 recommendation for,9 Atomic clocks, I 01 Aircraft telescope, 9 1 Atomic. EnerJ,Y Commlsl~n. 71, 9S Air Force C.mbrld&e Rer.earch At mospheric absorption, 109 Llboratories, 71 Atmo1pberlc seelna, IOS Alf11ow. lOS Atmospheric windows, 44 All wt vek:nath capabllhy, 112, 122 4 Automatic me.asurlna enaJncs, 10<4 AmJno •el<lt, 4 2, 48, 89 Automatic transit drclet, 104 Ammonli, 4 2,47, 102 Automation, te.lesoopo costs, 120 Anpllr diameter nux relation, 79 Auxiliary cl«trOftkl, l22,1ll Anplat rttolutSon, 101, l OS ln the ultraYiokt, 100 BackpoWid rodlotlon, 84 Apt.rtun s:ynthet.:lt, 77 Balloo... 4, 7 1 Arcdbo Radio ()btc:rfttory, 66, 114, "80& ......." 16, 18,19. 27, ) 4 116, 122 "Bladt bolos,- 2S. 29, I II AJJOdadotlofUol>enlties(O< R_,m BronJ.Dklt• ooomolocl'. 24 , 4S Ia AltrODOftiY, Ill Allloctued Un.husitics. lne., 114 Catbon compounds. 41, 42, 43,19, 102 Altcroicb,41 CoJbon dioxide, 4$ Alt.ro..b«J, 104 Cartlon monoxido, 19 Astronomers Carbonaeeolll chondrites, 48 131 

132 Index Carbonace-.s, 4S E~ctronOJIIPhic cameras, 81 Catrl"'ton, R. C.. 21 Electrooptlcal deteetoB, 28. 82,83 caruer. A. M.• 58 OOSIS, 120 Centimclcr..wavelenath ante-nnm, 101·102 Elecuoopticaltechno~, 38, 123 <OS IS, I 02, 120 EJemmt abundance~, 82, 94 recommtndation (or. 9 Ekm<-ntary•pndde d)tory,ll Ccnumeter·wawelenath radio tekscopes~ 4 Employment survey, S8 CERN, tee European Ct:nler for Nuclear Eu.ropun Center for Nuclear Re:Karch Research, 118 Cerro Tololo lnler·Americ:an Ob..ervatorr. European southern hemiJphere 113,117,122 telc.scope, 118 Chemical elemenu, 39 Evolution, cosmic, 12-19, 27, 48 abundance of, 24 ExobloiOJY, 49-S2 Clrcumstcllar dust shells, 4), 84 Ex plod ina oores or galaxies, lS-39 CometS, 43, 48,99 E xtratcm:scrlul nutcrial, 48 Computlna requireme nt~~, 94-98 CopernlcuJ, J 3 Feden_l obLigations for bas.lc rtJearch in Corona,raphs, 93 tJtronomy (fiaure), 6 1 Cosmic baCkiJ'OUnd radiation, 17, 18 Feden.l support S4.84 for basJc research in astronomy, 120 Cosmic dull, 41 of pou.nd-basc<t IJUonomy (Tab~). 6S Cosmk: raya, I, 3, 29, 33,39 Firuncbhupport, 61-67 Co.mo~lmodeb,78 Fireball, 16, 17 Co>m0~.12-19,20,84,100,111 For~ehyde,42, 102 Crab nebula, 31, 39, as. &6, 90 Formamidc. •U, 89 pullll, 9S Formic odd, 4 2, I 02 Creation Friednunn, A., model of universe, 13 or new mauer, 38 or the universe, 2 Golactic clullel$, 2S, 27 Cyanoooetylene, 42, 89, 102 Galactic halo, I03 Cr~n ut A, IS Galactic plane, 103 Cr~nus X· I , 90 Galnics, 2, 4, 13, 78, 82, 86, 91,99 disturbed, 4 Oata-handlin& equipment, I 23 explo~lonllln, Il l Deep SpaC» Network , 70 radio, 16 Deportment of Dcfen,., S, 71. 11 2, 11 3 spiral structure, 94 114, 119 stellar content, 80 support ror astronomy, 66 Galileo, 3, 112 Detectors Gamma radiatk)n, 2, 4 ayosenleally eookd, 4 Gamma·raY 1ttronomy, recomme:nda· lnfrutd, 85 lion for. 9 Development or life, 45, 47, 48 GamJN..qy tckscopes, 4 DOD.- Dcpanment of Dcf.rue Camow,G.,I6 Dutt clouds, 4 2, 79 Gaseous nebula, 32 O..·arf s:t.ars, 3 General reblivhy. 38 Dynamical astronomy, 9S, 96 Global Atmospheric Research Oyn1mies, planetary, 111 Pro11am, 97 Globular clusters, 2S, 27, 28, I 03 Eclipse experlmenu, 93 Graphite, 43 Einstein, 13, 19, 24, 2S Graviu.tion, l 5 Elec1ronlc 1echnolol)', 4, 35, 4 1, I 04 Gravitation.ul collapse, 2.S, .S4, 94 

/Nice 133 CnY1Urlo.W ...,.,., 33 Cn\'1Urloool nd•rion, 3, 4,19, ~ ..,,,,..., .,,,u"· 2.) 41, « ln:tcrs.tdl:u - ' ' •..,4,1S. . 84. HolooiJble -1 Croud•JC'd utrono.._,. costa, 120 Hoys<adc (rldlo td<-1, 66 HltAO, 1M I up Enerar A.t:tronoiMCal 91. 101 Uhi"'Ctiia of uttn...tokl, 99 lllttrSI. . . moleallo1.~. 71,103 loren~ellu phyolca nd dltmlotrr, J, 9S lo, 4 S Obtcn'atoria l.10toprs..l Hea.y dements.. 27 ll<bum, 17,10.17, 39 Jo•.. n pbneU, 47 llttJChd, w.. u J\lpl1er. 4.S HiiJI.. IIItude Ales, 8S ,.,.w,.. or, 4S, 101 Hiab..[netJY AJironomical Obse:n'alories, 36,87,91 , 106, Ill Kh 1 Pu k National Obttmtorr. 7 1, II). lfia:b,• nellf uuonomk:al PfOStlm, S..S-88 11 7, Ill coolS, 88, II 9 recommtncbtktn (Of. I Ltrae 10lu lele~ I to tc.p.encrJ)' partklca, 4 Lara• spo<o l<lt -. 6 , 91, IOO,IOS, KIP raolutto.., 4 106, 110.113 llip<aol•t- solar ndso lel<soope, 110 ..-rJoosroe. s ..,_.,. •. -.... 89 Luer.I03 ...--... E.. 1),., aadbtloll Laboratory. 71 l.awtnKll ll*lelow, IS L<maii,.,C., I3 H•muon, W., IS Udr: Qboerooarorr. 117 Hyd.roJtn, atoe.t, 4 1,1'9 ure.utntcrrt:tlr..a.. )9.41 llrdr•• ..,.pound•. 41, 43,44 condttkMN suflabk (Of, 4 3 11YW01•• IIIOI<clllca. 41, ~. 91 ..ololioe, II Low-ccmpaature phyQQ, )) IW.. UniYCJthy qdlo ltlcKOpe, 10 IINCOinreoulllm, BI Maa<lloN< doudo, 16 lnfrued aatro..omy, 3, 8).-.8$, 91, 109 lobao<tl< tlelcls, 4 ""'"· 85.110 of whhedwJtft.ll rt('(!Minendatkll\l for,l Ma.anelie IIIII, 79 lftfrared deep a.k)' aurvcy, 91 lobn, 44,99, 102 ln!Wed pllxltt, 80 Masen. inlenteUar. t l, 54 .95.107 lnft~ted radildon, 2. l6 lobJO loso. 99 lmdtutt ofTilcofttlcaJ Attrophylic:l Nu Plaftt.t lnttlun ,., ladk»uuonomie. (P'Oposod), 96, 110 89. 101 lntcpad-"1 U:lcTit.ion CIJMnS, 81 McDonald ~motoey, 117 latdbpnt ~ tltewtlc:N in lllercwr. -lo• of perihelioo of,l4 - .... 1 M ....... c.. ll latafaorncttn. 4 llle~llan,J9 illtrv«< nd optical, I 03 llleteorita. 4), 43 Mldltlooo, I 09 McthaM. 47 l•taplacdc: -ner, II M<tllyt aloohol, 41,19. 101 IAknned&tle-tiud tdttcOpe COils_ llO Wexk:a.a utronoft'ICO. coopenUOft lat<rllltlonalcoor ,......., 118 with, Ill lnterplntt&ty dutt, 41 lolodd IMuldl... 94 lftterpllnet.uy medium, 4.5 W oleculu aslronom,. 9.$, 101 lorcntellat pund dull, 17, 2S, 29, 38, 48 lolo leculca,l, 3, 3~4. 84. 101 Moon, I, 48, 84 

134 Index MounI Wilson and Palomar Observa· Nuclear phyoica,33, 94 tories., 117 N\ldear reactioM, 17. 94 lofdky Way .2 Nudei,2 Mllli.meter-wave. antenna, 88-90 Nucleosynthem, 25, 27,28,34,38, 39, COlt$, 90, 119 80, Ill recom~t"10ns for, 8 Number of penoru employed iA Millime1n-wne radio telacopa:, 4 utronomy (flcure), 56 NASA, see Nadom_ Aeronautics and l OAO, see Orbltina Asu-onomica.l Spice Administration Observatories National ACidemy of Sciences, 106 Observatories, unJve.rshy-based, 114 Narional Aeronautics and Space Opticalutronomy, 3, 80-83,113 Admlnlstration, 5, 10, 86, 87. C<lSIO, 8 3, 120 91, 96.100,109,112,114, liS, recommendadont for, 8 119, 123 OptlcollnstrumeniJ, I 06, I 07 budcot for astronomy, 61~3 Optical space astronomy. 98 budaet for utronomy not involvins recomrm.ndation for, 8 sateUit.. (Fiauro), 63 Optical tdescope array, 82 budaeu for 111ronomy sateUile OOSIJ, 120 propomo (FIJUre), 62 Optical teleocopeo support for buic: research in a.stron- lar~,e~t U.S. (Table), 67 omy, Ill u.s.. coUectinc area (FiJUre), 69 National uuonomkal obiCI'VItories., 3, Orbitina Altronomloal ObserYatorioo, 43, 3, 70. 96. 116 44,71,91,99 bud..... 65 O.bitin1 Solar Obsavatories, 23, 71, 92, National Computln1 Cmt<r (propo>ed), 93, 11 0 97,110 recommt-ndadons for, 8 Na·r'onal Jt.adto Astronomy Ob.terYJtory, Orpnic: compounds, 102 77, 89, 114, 122 Orpnlc evolullon, 94 N11ional Scienoe Board, S5 Orpnlc molecules, 4, 48 NarJonal Science foundation, S, 71 , I 06. OSO, see Orbllln& Solar Ob.servatortes 11 3,1 14 , 119 Owens Valley aperture synthesis Basic Rc... rch Cranu, 65-66. 122 Interferometer, 107 budJet for 111ronomy. 65-66, 122 Oxnen compounds, 43 National Uluaviolet SPice Observatory. Oz.one, 99 106 NaVII Retearclt Laboratory, 71,113 Parallax. I 0 3 Neptune, 47 Particle phyJico,21 Neutrinoo,I.4,21,S4 Poalliar plaxiet, 84 Neutron radiation, 22 P cYifll•un. 79 Neutron oun, 19,25, 31, JJ-35, 54, 95, Photocathode, 81 104, Ill Photosnphic unith tubal 104 Newton, Ill Photosraphy, 81 equatioru of motion. 9S Planetary atmospheres, 9 I. 98 theory of pavlution. 9 4 Planetary maua, I 04 NitrOFn. 45, 47 Planetary nebu lao. I0 3 Nitrosen compounds, 43 Planetary orblu, 94. I 04 Novte, 79 Planetary positions., 9 S NSF, see NadonaJ Sdenc:e Foundation Planetary uteiUtes, 48 Nuclear croas sections. 34 Planetary system, 2S Nuclear fusion, 24 Planeu, l.2 , 39,41, 19.84,102 

Index 135 "'""' phy~cs. 94, 9$ Silicatn., 41, 4$ ftuto, 79, 101 Site dt'Ydopnw.nt ror r.cllo telescopes. 79 -.lmcuy, I OI Sk>' .....,.•• as -riud 10Pt,31,32 Stiplxr, V. M., 13 Prfl.io4ol:ial evolution., .Cl SmaU Astlonomic:al Sa11UIIes, 71, 91 , 100 Problolocl<ol- 42 Smlthaocuua lutJtvtioD, S Pteplant1ary qm~ft'tl., .U, « Solu acthity, 9), 110 P>torttlet. lll-123 Solu utroMmy COUJ. 9 3, I 20 Proper modon~.o t 03 Sola.r cbtomOJpbe:re, 19,93 Ptotostart, 43 s. Solar oorooa, n . 3s, 19, n , n . 110 Pubors, 2 , 4 , 29, 32-33, 39,54, 77, 86, Solu oosmic n.ys, 21·23, 93 9$, 104 Solu cydo, 19, 9) Solar f•cilitia, re.oommendltion for, 8 Qut ntum chemlat.s, 97 Solar nares, 19, 2 1. 22, 92, 93, 110 Quantum me<haniet:, 19 Solar gnnulldon, 93 Quantum t hooty, 94 Sobr maanetW fie ldJ, 19,93 QuiJin,2,4,16, 18,27, 37,39, S4, 77, Sob.r metlil abuncbnet, 39 79,80.82, 84, 86,9 1,98, 107, 108 Solar nebW., 48 Solar pbyslcs, II 0 lbclar, 4, 101, 102 Sob.r plasma , I I 0 lb4ilt~n belu, 4$, 79 Solar provam, 92-93 R.adk) l!tronomy, l9, 113 Solar lbdlotlon SattWtu, 71 CCMU. 119, 120 $ob.t rnea~. 91 rc.tea~drl tupport at 111\iwnitie:s. 80 Solar ateWtc co•u.. 119 Radio erni.tdoft O( IIIOrml SW$, 79 Solar spcct.Nm, 19 Wloplaxieo, la, 37, n , a6 - bdiocnpll, n bdio-qu.iet compact pluies, 38 Radio radbtion, 4 Solar ··--lara<tl u.s. Solarsys..... . . _.l, 95 Optical (Table), 61 Solar wlod, 21 , 2], $4 Radio IOWce, Qab, ll Solid1ta10 pllysia, )) Jbdio tpcarohel.locn-ph, II 0 Sp.ce amonomy oosts, 119 R.adlo tf:ktcopes, la.raest U.S. (Table), Speoe shuule, l OS 72 Spaoete~soopes,22 , 35 , 42 , 44 , 5 4 ,92, Radio wneknatht,l 100 Rod panu, 2, 2$, 28, 108 (Table), 74 Rod ohlrt, 16, 17, $4, 82, 98 or Spital armt plules, 41 Relativistic: asuophyaics, 95 Star CIUSICII, qet, 80 Rebtlvllfle ooUapee, 4 , 38 Stars, cool, 84 Relltlvlty, 4S, Ill Steli&J evolutk)n,ll , l 4-19, 80, 94, 9S Research lnt«cm or u-uonome:rs (Table), Stellar lotcrlon-, I 7 60 Stellu models, 9$ R.obcruon. H. P., 13 SuatOSQOpc, 7 1 ROClktt PfOIJI""• 5-', 8$ Sttatospbt:rk teltJCOpe, IS, 109 R.R Lyr.. Jtan, 27, 28, 1OJ Sulxlwarfs, 103 Suprs,l9 s A.S• .,. SaWl Astronombl Satdliw: Sul'IUDer W tJtYte. thtotedcal titto- SltW1ll, 4 7, 101 plly1b (p-ood). 97 Soorpl.. X·I, a6 SUA, I , 2, 19-24, 1$,39, $4 , 79, 84, 91, Scyfcrt ..luleo,37, Ja, 86, 108 98 Sikl te emit.don, 41 Sunspots. ll 

136 Jndtx Supr.rc:onduc:tor, l4 Univen:ity or Tual, 107-in. telescope, Supc:rJiantt,1S.l7, 9 1 116 Superhtu:roclyne sysums, 108 UnivenHy radio (adlidcs costa, 120 Supnno,.e, 27-29, 31-39,54, 86, Uru\0,47 94 , 111 Supcrpubau, 35 VELA satellites. 71 Support rot utronomy at acadtmk Venus. 4 , « .54, 102 iMtitutions. 66 VLA. set V«J larll Array srnctuouon radUdoa., 32 Verj LarFArroy, 76-80,121,122 costs, 80, 119 Tt:ltiCOpes re.oommend.adon ror. 8 auto matte tenlnaand auldJnc. 82,83 Very-lona-bl;~eline lnte.rf'crometry, JS, refrte-tin.a, 81 101,101,104. 107-109 'Tbeoretlcal aauophyiln, 94-98, Ill , I l l and compul lna. colts, 98, 120 Water, 42, 43,4S reoommcndadon (o r, 8 Water maseu, 108 Than, 47 Wbite dwarrs, l, l.S. 3 L. 103 Tolman, R. C., 13 Whitford report, 3, 4 , 53, SS, 66, 68, Trained manpower, 55-60 70, 120. Il l Wolf·Rayet start, 19 Uhunl, 71, 86, 88, 90 Uhnviokc r~dbtion, 2 X radiation, 2, II, 22 Ultravtolel s~ce uuonomy, 29,84, 91 X 'lay utrooomy, 3, 4 , 14 prQtram co.u., 101 . 119 recommendation for.l rccommcn41 don rOf. 8 X<IY -.,oun4,17, 54, 86, 87 Uni¥aa1 bbd:bodr Miltion, 11 Xfly JOWca,l6 llni'mt<, IIIO<I<k, IS Xflys~. 4.S4 , 19,80 Uni'f'fl'Sity o( Arizona, 90-in. tebcope, 116 Zodiacallil)>t, lOS UalY<nlry or HawaU, sa~•. reletcope, 116