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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
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CHIMPANZEES IN
BIOMEDICAL
AND BEHAVIORAL
RESEARCH

ASSESSING THE NECESSITY

Committee on the Use of Chimpanzees in Biomedical
and Behavioral Research

Board on Health Sciences Policy
Institute of Medicine

Board on Life Sciences
Division on Earth and Life Studies

Bruce M. Altevogt, Diana E. Pankevich,
Marilee K. Shelton-Davenport, and Jeffrey P. Kahn, Editors

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE AND
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, N.W. • Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was requested by Contract No. N01-OD-4-239 Task Order No. 248 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-22039-2
International Standard Book Number-11: 0-309-22039-4

Additional copies of this report are available from The National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.

For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu.

Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2011. Chimpanzees in biomedical and behavioral research: Assessing the necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×

COMMITTEE ON THE USE OF CHIMPANZEES IN
BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH

JEFFREY P. KAHN (Chair), Johns Hopkins University Berman Institute of Bioethics

JOHN G. BARTLETT, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

H. RUSSELL BERNARD, University of Florida

FLOYD E. BLOOM, The Scripps Research Institute

WARNER C. GREENE, University of California, San Francisco

DIANE E. GRIFFIN, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

EDWARD E. HARLOW, Harvard University School of Medicine

JAY R. KAPLAN, Wake Forest School of Medicine

MARGARET S. LANDI, GlaxoSmithKline

FREDERICK A. MURPHY, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

ROBERT SAPOLSKY, Stanford University

SHARON TERRY, Genetic Alliance

Study Staff

BRUCE M. ALTEVOGT, Study Director

MARILEE K. SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer

DIANA E. PANKEVICH, Associate Program Officer

LORA K. TAYLOR, Senior Project Assistant

ALEX R. REPACE, Senior Project Assistant

ANDREW M. POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy

FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director, Board on Life Sciences

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×

Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

Stephen W. Barthold, University of California, Davis

Thomas M. Butler, Independent consultant

Alexander M. Capron, University of Southern California

Timothy Coetzee, National Multiple Sclerosis Society

Frans B. M. de Waal, Emory University

Jane Goodall, Jane Goodall Institute

Beatrice H. Hahn, University of Pennsylvania

Donald A. Henderson, Johns Hopkins University

William D. Hopkins, Agnes Scott College

Steven E. Hyman, Harvard University

Stanley M. Lemon, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Alexander Ploss, The Rockefeller University

Arthur Weiss, University of California, San Francisco

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
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or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Eli Y. Adashi, Immediate Past Dean of Medicine & Biological Sciences, Brown University, and Peter H. Raven, President Emeritus, Missouri Botanical Garden. Appointed by the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2011. Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13257.
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For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.

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