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Appendix C
About the Authors
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Dr. Rita Colwell (Chair) is Chairman of Canon US Life Sciences, Inc. and Distinguished
University Professor both at the University of Maryland at College Park and at Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her interests are focused on
global infectious diseases, water, and health, and she is currently developing an
international network to address emerging infectious diseases and water issues,
including safe drinking water for both the developed and developing world. Dr.
Colwell has held many advisory positions in the U.S. Government, nonprofit science
policy organizations, and private foundations, as well as in the international scientific
research community. Dr. Colwell is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. Dr. Colwell holds a B.S. in
Bacteriology and an M.S. in Genetics, from Purdue University, and a Ph.D. in
Oceanography from the University of Washington.
Dr. Enriqueta Bond served, from 1994 to 2008, as the first full time President of the
Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF), a private, independent foundation dedicated to
advancing the medical sciences by supporting research and other scientific and
educational activities. During her presidency Dr. Bond guided BWF in its transition
from a corporate to a private independent foundation. Prior to joining the BWF, Dr.
Bond served as the Chief Executive Officer for the Institute of Medicine. In 1997, Dr.
Bond was elected as a full member to the Institute of Medicine. In 2004, she was elected
as a fellow to the American Association for the Advancement of Science for her
distinguished contributions to the study and analysis of policy for the advancement of
the health sciences. Dr. Bond is Chairman of the NRC’s Board on African Science
Academy Development and a member of the Forum on Microbial Threats. She is a past
member of the Report Review Committee as well as numerous other study committees.
Dr. Bond is the recipient of numerous honors, including the 2008 Order of the Long Leaf
Pine award from the state of North Carolina. This is the highest honor the governor can
bestow on a citizen and was awarded to Dr. Bond for her efforts to improve science
education for children of North Carolina. She has also received the Institute of Medicine
Walsh McDermott Medal, in recognition of distinguished service to the National
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APPENDIX C
28
Academies, and the National Academy of Sciences Professional Staff Award. She
received her bachelor’s degree from Wellesley College, her M.A. from the University of
Virginia, and her Ph.D. in molecular biology and biochemical genetics from
Georgetown University.
Dr. John Clements is a Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Tulane
University School of Medicine. After receiving his doctorate in 1979 from the University
of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, Dr. Clements completed a National Research
Council Associateship at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, DC. In
1980, Dr. Clements was appointed as Assistant Professor in the Departments of
Microbiology and Medicine at the University of Rochester School of Medicine in
Rochester, NY. In 1982, Dr. Clements joined the faculty at Tulane University. Dr.
Clements has served as Professor and Chair of the Department of Microbiology and
Immunology since 1999. Dr. Clements served as Vice Dean for Research from 2006 to
2009 and in 2009 was appointed as Director of the Tulane Center for Infectious Diseases.
Dr. Clements’s research has been continuously funded from a variety of Public Health
Service and Department of Defense. He is currently Director of the Tulane/Xavier Vaccine
Development/Engineering Project supported by the Department of Defense. Dr. Clements
is also Co-Director of the South Louisiana Institute for Infectious Disease Research and
Co-Director of the Louisiana Vaccine Center, both collaborative projects between
Tulane University and Louisiana State University Health sciences Center in New
Orleans. Research in Dr. Clements’s laboratory has resulted in more than 100 peer
reviewed publications and book chapters, and thirteen issued patents.
Dr. Clements has served on numerous scientific panels and Editorial Boards. He
currently serves on the Infectious Disease Subcommittee of the Defense Health Board (a
Federal Advisory Committee) and is a member of the National Vaccine Advisory
Committee (NVAC) H1N1 Vaccine Safety Risk Assessment Working Group
(VSRAWG). Dr. Clements also serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of PATH-EVI, an
international non-profit organization whose primary goal is to develop vaccines against
enteric diseases for children in developing countries, and on the Steering Committee of
the Western Regional Center for Excellence in Biodefense Research. In 2003, Dr.
Clements was trained as a U.N. Weapons Inspector (Biologic) in the 7th United Nations
Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) training program in
Vienna. In 2003, and again in 2004, Dr. Clements was a member of the Iraq Survey
Group in Baghdad as a Subject Matter Expert in Weapons of Mass Destruction and dual
use equipment and programs. In 2009, Dr. Clements served on a National Academy of
Sciences committee on biosafety and personnel reliability in laboratories that conduct
research of biological select agents and toxins (resulting in publication of the National
Research Council policy for Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and
Toxins).Dr. Clements served on active duty with the US Marine Corps from 1966-1972
and was a member of the USMC Individual Ready Reserves from 1972-1991. He was
Honorably Discharged at the rank of LTCOL from the US Marine Corps Reserves in
1991.
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APPENDIX C 29
Dr. Nancy Connell is professor of medicine at the University of Medicine and Dentistry
of New Jersey (UMDNJ) -New Jersey Medical School. She is also director of the UMDNJ
Center for BioDefense, which was established in 1999 and is the recipient of $11.5
million in congressional recommendations (2000-2006) for research into the detection
and diagnosis of biological warfare agents and biodefense preparedness. Dr. Connell
also is director of the Biosafety Level 3 Facility of UMDNJ’s Center for the Study of
Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens and chairs the Recombinant DNA Subcommittee
of the university’s Institutional Biosafety Committee and she has worked with several
international programs on dual use issues. She is past chair of the National Institutes of
Health’s Center for Scientific Review Study Section HIBP (Host Interactions with
Bacterial Pathogens, which reviews bacterial-pathogenesis submissions to the National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. She is current chair of the F13 infectious
diseases and microbiology fellowship panel. Dr. Connell’s involvement in biological
weapons control began in 1984, when she was chair of the Committee on the Military
Use of Biological Research, a subcommittee of the Council for Responsible Genetics,
based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Connell received her Ph.D. in microbial
genetics from Harvard University. Her major research focus is the interaction between
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the macrophage.
Dr. Clarissa Dirks has just begun a faculty position at The Evergreen State College in
Olympia, Washington. Clarissa earned her B.S. in Microbiology from Arizona State
University and Ph.D. in Molecular and Cellular Biology from the University of
Washington. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center in Seattle, WA. In her previous position at the University of Washington, she
oversaw undergraduate programs funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
taught undergraduate courses in biology, and led professional development seminars
for graduate students. As part of her science education research endeavors, she created
educational materials that aim to engage students in active learning and develop their
metacognitive skills. Her primary focus was to assist incoming freshman, particularly
underrepresented minorities and those who are economically disadvantaged. She
serves on local and national committees to enhance diversity in the sciences. As a
faculty member at Evergreen, she is continuing this work in partnership with the
Evergreen Native American Research Institute. Her scientific research aims to better
understand the evolutionary principles that underlie the emergence, spread, and
containment of infectious disease by studying the co-evolution of retroviruses and their
primate hosts.
Dr. Mohamed El-Faham is Director of the Center for Special Studies and Programs
(CSSP), Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt. His is also a Professor and Director of Power
Systems Group at the Department of Electrical and Computer Control Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science and Technology
and Maritime Transport in Alexandria. He received his B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering
from the University of Alexandria and his M.Sc. and D.Sc. in Electrical Engineering
from the George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA. He is a Senior
Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE). Dr. El-Faham is
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APPENDIX C
30
author/co-author of a number of publications. As director of the CSSP, he organizes,
each year, a number of major conferences in the fields of science technology and
education.
Dr. Elizabeth Heitman received her PhD from Rice University in 1988. She has
extensive expertise in biomedical ethics, responsible conduct of research, and ethics in
public health, as well as experience with biodefense-related ethical decision-making as
member of the Policy, Ethics, and Law Core of the Southeast Regional Center of
Excellence for Emerging Infections and Biodefense (SERCEB). Her primary research
addresses the evaluation of education in the responsible conduct of research, and the
cultural awareness and professional socialization of students and researchers. Dr.
Heitman is the Director of a four-year, research ethics education program for Costa
Rican biomedical researchers and research ethics review committees sponsored by the
NIH’s Fogarty International Center and a member of the Clinical Research Ethics Key
Function Committee of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA)
Consortium. She is the coauthor of The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological and Health
Sciences (with Drs. Ruth Ellen Bulger and Stanley Joel Reiser).
Dr. Adel A. F. Mahmoud is a professor at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
International Affairs and in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton
University. He has recently retired as president of Merck Vaccines of Merck &
Company, Inc. Before that, Dr. Mahmoud served at Case Western Reserve University
and University Hospitals as Chairman of Medicine and Physician-in-Chief. Dr.
Mahmoud’s academic pursuits focused on investigations of the determinants of
infection and disease in human schistosomiasis and helminthic infections He has led the
effort to develop new vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, rotavirus,
shingles, and human papillomavirus. Dr. Mahmoud’s leadership in setting global
health strategies shaped the agenda of the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute
of Medicine in recent years by tackling such topical issues as biological threats and
bioterrorism; SARS; and Pandemic Flu. He is a member of the Expert Advisory Panel on
Parasitic Diseases of the World Health Organization (WHO). He was elected to the
Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1987, and he
is a member of the NAS National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity and
Committee on Scientific Communications and National Security (CSCANS). Dr.
Mahmoud received an M.D. from the University of Cairo and a Ph.D. from the
University of London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Dr. James H. Stith is Vice President Emeritus for the American Institute of Physics
(AIP). While an officer of the Institute, he had oversight responsibilities for AIP’s
Magazine Division, the Media and Government Relations Division, the Education
Division, the Center for the History of Physics, the Statistical Research Division and the
Careers Division. Throughout his career, he has been an advocate for programs that
ensure ethnic and gender diversity in the sciences. His doctorate in physics was earned
from The Pennsylvania State University, and his masters and bachelors in physics were
received from Virginia State University. A physics education researcher, his primary
interests are in Program Evaluation, and Teacher Preparation and Enhancement. He
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APPENDIX C 31
was formerly a Professor of Physics at The Ohio State University and Professor of
Physics at the United States Military Academy. He has also been a Visiting Associate
Professor at the United Air Force Academy, a Visiting Scientist at the Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, a Visiting Scientist at the University of Washington,
and an Associate Engineer at the Radio Corporation of America. He is a past president
of the American Association of Physics Teachers, past president of the National Society
of Black Physicists, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, a Fellow of the American Physical Society, a Chartered Fellow of the National
Society of Black Physicists, and a member of the Ohio Academy of Science. He was
named a Distinguished Alumni of Penn State, an Honorary Member of Sigma Pi Sigma
the physics honor society, a National Academies Education Mentor in the Life Sciences
and a ScienceMaker (by HistoryMakers). Stith was chosen as one of the “50 Most
Important Blacks in Research Science” by the magazines Science Spectrum and US
Black Engineer & Information Technology for his “lifelong work in making science part
of global society.” Additionally, he has been awarded a Doctor of Humane Letters by
his alma mater, Virginia State University. He is married and has three adult daughters
and two grandchildren.
NATIONAL ACADEMIES STAFF
Dr. Lida Anestidou is Senior Program Officer at the Institute for Laboratory Animal
Research of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, where she directs a diverse
portfolio of studies on the use of laboratory animals; biodefense and biosecurity; and
research integrity/responsible conduct of research. Prior to this position she was faculty
at the Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
She earned her doctorate in biomedical sciences from the University of Texas at
Houston. Working with physiologist Norman Weisbrodt, she explored the effects of
nitric oxide on the motility of the gastrointestinal musculature. Working with research
integrity expert and biomedical ethics educator Elizabeth Heitman, she concurrently
pursued her interests in biomedical ethics, scientific integrity and science policy. Dr.
Anestidou also holds a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Greece (her home
country) and an M.S. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Florida. She is an
editorial board member of Science and Engineering Ethics, Lab Animal, and SciTech
Lawyer and an ad hoc reviewer for the American Journal of Bioethics. She is a member
of the National Conference of Lawyers and Scientists. Dr. Anestidou serves as an expert
reviewer in the Ethics Evaluation of grant applications to the 7th Framework Program
of the European Research Council and the European Commission Directorate General
Research.
Dr. Jo L. Husbands is a Scholar/Senior Project Director with the Board on Life Sciences
of the U.S. National Academies. Dr. Husbands managed the project that produced the
2004 report, Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism, and directs the
international activities following up on its recommendations, including the 2nd
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32
International Forum on Biosecurity held in Budapest in March 2008 and an international
workshop on biosecurity education to be held in the fall of 2009. She represents the
National Academy of Sciences on the Biosecurity Working Group of the InterAcademy
Panel on International Issues, which also includes the academies of China, Cuba, the
Netherlands (chair), Nigeria, and the United Kingdom. She managed a joint project
with AAAS that has carried out a survey of AAAS members in the life sciences to
provide some of the first empirical data about scientists’ knowledge of dual use issues
and their attitudes toward their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of
scientific research.
From 2005-2008 Dr. Husbands was a senior project director with the Academies’
Program on Development, Security, and Cooperation where, along with her work on
international security, she was staff director for a USAID-sponsored report, Improving
Democracy Assistance: Building Knowledge through Evaluations and Research (2008).
From 1991-2005 she was the Director of the Committee on International Security and
Arms Control (CISAC) of the National Academy of Sciences and its Working Group on
Biological Weapons Control. In 1998-99 she also served as the first Director of the
Program on Development, Security, and Cooperation in the Academies’ Office of
International Affairs. From 1986-91 she was Director of the Academies’ Project on
Democratization and a Senior Research Associate for its Committee on International
Conflict and Cooperation. Before joining the National Academies, she worked for
several Washington, DC-based nongovernmental organizations focused on
international security.
Dr. Husbands is currently an adjunct professor in the Security Studies Program
at Georgetown University, where she teaches a course on the International Arms Trade.
She is a member of the Advisory Council of Women in International Security, the
International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Global Agenda Council on Illicit Trade
of the World Economic Forum, and the editorial board of International Studies
Perspectives. She is also a Fellow of the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Minnesota and
a Masters in International Public Policy (International Economics) from the Johns
Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.
Dr. Jay B. Labov is senior staff member of the National Research Council’s Center for
Education. In this capacity, Dr. Labov leads an institution-wide effort to leverage the
National Academies’ work in education by helping to make more deliberate
connections between the work of the Center for Education, the National Academy of
Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and the program units of the National
Research Council. He is the principal liaison on education activities between the
program units of the National Academies and its Office of Communications, with the
goal of enhancing communication with outside stakeholders about the Academies’
work in education and the public’s understanding of science and technology. He also
has been the study director for several NRC reports, Evaluating and Improving
Undergraduate Teaching in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology (2003);
Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science
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APPENDIX C 33
in U.S. High Schools (2002); Educating Teachers of Science, Mathematics, and
Technology: New Practices for the New Millennium (2000); Transforming
Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology
(1999); Serving the Needs of Pre-College Science and Mathematics Education: Impact of
a Digital National Library on Teacher Education and Practice (1999); and Developing a
Digital National Library for Undergraduate Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and
Technology Education (1998). He has been Director of the Center’s Committee on
Undergraduate Science Education and oversees the National Academy of Science’s
efforts to improve the teaching of evolution in the public schools. Prior to assuming his
position at the NRC Dr. Labov was a member of the biology faculty for 18 years at
Colby College in Waterville Maine.
Mr. Carl-Gustav Anderson is a Program Associate with the Board on Life Sciences of
the National Research Council. He received a B.A. in philosophy from American
University in 2009. He is currently completing his M.A. in Philosophy at American
University. He has worked closely with the All Women’s Action Society (Malaysia),
helping to engage young men in feminist dialogue and to present a feminist response to
the unique identity politics of contemporary Malaysia. His current research focuses on
Buddhist encounters with the West, with particular emphasis on syncretic responses to
western feminism, communism, transcendental philosophy, and existentialism in the
early 20th Century.
Since joining the Board on Life Sciences in 2009, he has served as Program
Associate for variety of projects including, among others, Responsible Research with
Biological Select Agents and Toxins (2009), Challenges and Opportunities for Education about
Dual Use Issues in Life Sciences Research (2010), and Sequence-Based Classification of Select
Agents: A Brighter Line (2010). In addition to several ongoing studies, he also serves as
Program Associate for the United States-Canada Regional Committee to the
International Brain Research Organization.
