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Research in the Life Sciences
with Dual Use Potential
An International Faculty Development Project on
Education About the Responsible Conduct of Science
Committee on Developing a Framework for an International Faculty Development
Project on Education about Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential
Board on Life Sciences
Division on Earth and Life Studies
In cooperation with
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
TWAS, the academy of sciences for the developing world
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of
the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The
members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences
and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Grant No. S-LMAQM-10-GR-087 between the National
Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of State. Any opinions, findings, conclusions,
or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the
project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-22117-7
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-22117-X
Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500
Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313;
http://www.nap.edu/.
Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of
distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the
furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the
authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a
mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical
matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is
autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the
National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government.
The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at
meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior
achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of
Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences
to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination
of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the
responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to
be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of
medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in
1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s
purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become
the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the
National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public,
and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by
both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M.
Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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COMMITTEE ON DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR AN INTERNATIONAL
FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON EDUCATION ABOUT RESEARCH IN
THE LIFE SCIENCES WITH DUAL USE POTENTIAL
RITA R. COLWELL (Chair), Distinguished University Professor, University of
Maryland & Johns Hopkins University; Honorary Chairperson and Senior
Advisor, Canon U.S. Life Sciences, Inc.
ENRIQUETA C. BOND, President Emeritus, Burroughs Wellcome Fund
JOHN D. CLEMENTS, Professor and Chair, Department of Microbiology and
Immunology; Vice Dean for Research, School of Medicine, Tulane University
NANCY D. CONNELL, Professor of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of
New Jersey (UMDNJ); Director, UMDNJ Center for Biodefense
CLARISSA DIRKS, Faculty, Evergreen State College
MOHAMED El-FAHAM, Director of the Center for Special Studies and Programmes
(CSSP), Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt
ELIZABETH HEITMAN, Associate Professor of Medical Ethics, Center for Biomedical
Ethics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
ADEL A. F. MAHMOUD, Professor, Woodrow Wilson School, Department of
Molecular Biology, Princeton University
JAMES H. STITH, Vice President Emeritus, Physics Resources Center, American
Institute of Physics
CONSULTANTS
EIMAN ALEEM, Associate Professor of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science,
University of Alexandria, Egypt
MONA MOSTAFA MOHAMED, Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Cairo
University, Egypt
ALAA IBRAHIM, Assistant Professor, Physics Department, American University in
Cairo, Egypt
STAFF
LIDA ANESTIDOU, Study Director and Senior Program Officer, Institute for
Laboratory Animal Research
JO L. HUSBANDS, Scholar and Senior Project Director, Board on Life Sciences
JAY B. LABOV, Senior Scientist, Board on Life Sciences
CARL-GUSTAV ANDERSON, Program Associate, Board on Life Sciences
FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director, Board on Life Sciences; Acting Director, Institute
for Laboratory Animal Research
v
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BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES
KEITH R. YAMAMOTO (Chair), University of California, San Francisco, CA
BONNIE L. BASSLER, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
VICKI L. CHANDLER, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, CA
SEAN EDDY, HHMI Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA
MARK D. FITZSIMMONS, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation,
Chicago, IL
DAVID R. FRANZ, Midwest Research Institute, Frederick, MD
LOUIS J. GROSS, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
RICHARD A. JOHNSON, Arnold and Porter, Washington, D.C.
CATO T. LAURENCIN, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CN
ROBERT M. NEREM, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
CAMILLE PARMESAN, University of Texas, Austin, TX
MURIEL E. POSTON, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY
ALISON G. POWER, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
MARGARET RILEY, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
BRUCE W. STILLMAN, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
CYNTHIA WOLBERGER, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
MD
MARY WOOLLEY, Research!America, Alexandria, VA
STAFF
FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director
JO L. HUSBANDS, Scholar and Senior Project Director
JAY B. LABOV, Senior Scientist and Program Director for Biology Education
KATHERINE W. BOWMAN, Senior Program Officer
MARILEE K. SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer
INDIA HOOK-BARNARD, Program Officer
KEEGAN SAWYER, Program Officer
BETHELHEM M. BANJAW, Financial Associate
CARL-GUSTAV ANDERSON, Program Associate
SAYYEDA AYESHA AHMED, Senior Program Assistant
ORIN LUKE, Senior Program Assistant
vi
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Acknowledgments
This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse
perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the
National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of the
independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the
institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the
report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the
study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to
protect the integrity of the process. We thank the following for their review of this
report:
Stephanie J. Bird, Science and Engineering Ethics, USA
Alastair Hay, University of Leeds, UK
Heba Kassem, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
Jens Kuhn, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, USA
Michelle Withers, West Virginia University, USA
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive
comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or
recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The
review of this report was overseen by William Brinkley, Baylor College of Medicine,
USA. Appointed by the National Research Council, the coordinator was responsible for
making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in
accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully
considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests with the author
committee and the institution.
The Committee on Developing a Framework for an International Faculty
Development Project on Education about Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use
Potential expresses its appreciation to TWAS, the academy of sciences for the
developing world, for hosting the planning meeting at its headquarters in Trieste, Italy.
Appreciation is also extended to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina for its invaluable
assistance in getting this project off the ground.
vii
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Acronyms
BEP Biosecurity Engagement Program, U.S. Department of State
BWC Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
EPI Egyptian Prototype Institute
HHMI Howard Hughes Medical Institute
MENA Middle East and North Africa
NASI National Academies Summer Institute
NRC National Research Council, U.S. National Academies
RCR Responsible conduct of research
RI Research integrity
TWAS The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World
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Contents
1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
THE CONTEXT ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON DUAL USE: ROLES OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL .............................. 2
THE “SCIENCE OF LEARNING” ................................................................................................................................... 3
2 THE NRC’S MENA PROJECT .............................................................................................................................. 7
THE PLANNING MEETING ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3 FRAMEWORK FOR A FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM............................................................... 12
PLANNING MEETING OUTCOMES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................. 12
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EGYPTIAN PROTOTYPE INSTITUTE ................................................................ 14
DETAILS OF THE EGYPTIAN PROTOTYPE INSTITUTE: GOALS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES ...................................... 16
4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................. 21
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
APPENDIXES
A RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE NRC REPORT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATION ABOUT DUAL
USE ISSUES IN THE LIFE SCIENCES ................................................................................................................... 25
B STATEMENT OF TASK .......................................................................................................................................... 27
C ABOUT THE AUTHORS ......................................................................................................................................... 29
D PLANNING MEETING AGENDA AND PARTICIPANT LIST ....................................................................................... 36
E EXAMPLES OF OTHER NETWORKS OR TRAIN-THE-TRAINERS PROGRAMS ............................................................ 42
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