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Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACR     acute cellular rejection
AHRQ     Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
ALK     anaplastic lymphoma kinase
ASCO     American Society of Clinical Oncology
       
BCBS     Blue Cross Blue Shield
       
CAD     coronary artery disease
CAP     College of American Pathologists
CARGO     Cardiac Allograft Rejection Gene Expression Observational
CDC     Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CI     confidence interval
CLIA     Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988
CMF     cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil
CMS     Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMV     cytomegalovirus
COI     conflict of interest
CONSORT     Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
CPRC     Cancer Center Protocol Review Committee
CTAF     California Technology Assessment Forum
CTMS     clinical trial management systems
CTSA     Clinical Translational Science Award
       
dbGaP     database of Genotypes and Phenotypes
DNA     deoxyribonucleic acid
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
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DOD     Department of Defense
DSMB     data safety monitoring board
       
EGAPP     Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention
EMB     endomyocardial biopsy
EQUATOR     Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research
       
FDA     Food and Drug Administration
FFATA     Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act
FFPE     formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
FISH     fluorescence in situ hybridization
       
HER2     human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HHS     U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HPV     human papillomavirus
HR     hazard ratio
       
ICMJE     International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
IDE     investigational device exemption
IDMC     independent data monitoring committee
IHC     immunohistochemistry
IMAGE     Invasive Monitoring Attenuation through Gene Expression
IND     investigational new drug
IOM     Institute of Medicine
IOTF     Interagency Oncology Task Force
IRB     Institutional Review Board
ISHLT     International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
ISO     International Organization for Standardization
IVD     in vitro diagnostic
IVDMIA     in vitro diagnostic multivariate index assay
       
LDT     laboratory-developed test
LMS     Lung Metagene Score
       
MALDI     matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
MALDI-TOF     time-of-flight mass spectrometer
MF     methotrexate and fluorouracil
MIAME     Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment
MIBBI     Minimum Information for Biological and Biomedical Investigations
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
×
MINDACT     Microarray In Node negative and 1-3 positive lymph node Disease may Avoid ChemoTherapy
miRNA     micro RNA
MoS     Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors
MRI     magnetic resonance imaging
mRNA     messenger RNA
MS     mass spectrometry
       
NAS     National Academy of Sciences
NCCN     National Comprehensive Cancer Network
NCI     National Cancer Institute
ncRNA     non-coding RNA
NIH     National Institutes of Health
NIST     National Institute of Standards and Technology
NMR     nuclear magnetic resonance
NOCEDP     National Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program
NRC     National Research Council
NSABP     National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project
       
OHRP     Office of Human Research Protections
ORI     Office of Research Integrity
       
PBMC     peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PHS     Public Health Service
PI     principal investigator
PMA     premarket approval
PRISMA     Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PSA     prostate-specific antigen
       
QMS     quality management systems
qRT-PCR     quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
       
RCT     randomized controlled trial
REMARK     REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies
RNA     ribonucleic acid
RNAseq     RNA sequencing
rRNA     ribosomal RNA
RS     Recurrence Score
RT-PCR     reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
RxPONDER     Rx for POsitive NoDe, Endocrine Responsive breast cancer
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
×
SELDI     surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization
SELDI-TOF     SELDI time-of-flight mass spectrometer
SERMs     selective estrogen receptor modulators
SGO     Society of Gynecologic Oncology
SNP     single nucleotide polymorphism
SOP     standard operating procedure
SPCI     Simone Protective Cancer Institute
SQUIRE     Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellenc
SRM     selected reaction monitoring
SS     similarity score
STARD     STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy studies
STROBE     STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology
       
TAILORx     Trial Assigning IndividuaLized Options for Treatment
TEC     Blue Cross Blue Shield Technology Evaluation Center
TMQF     Translational Medicine Quality Framework
tRNA     transfer RNA
       
USPSTF     U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
×
Page 323
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
×
Page 324
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
×
Page 325
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13297.
×
Page 326
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Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.

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