Building a Resilient Workforce
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY: WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Heather M. Colvin and Rachel M. Taylor, Rapporteurs
Planning Committee on Workforce Resiliency Programs
Board on Health Sciences Policy
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This study was supported by Contract No. HSHQDC-08-C-00111 between the National Academy of Sciences and Department of Homeland Security. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-25511-0
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-25511-2
ISBN 0-309-25514-7
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu.
Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.
Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2012. Building a resilient workforce: Opportunities for the Department of Homeland Security: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
Advising the Nation. Improving Health.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
PLANNING COMMITTEE ON WORKFORCE
RESILIENCY PROGRAMS1
LIEUTENANT GENERAL JAMES PEAKE (RET. ARMY) (Chair), CGI Federal
JOSEPH BARBERA, The George Washington University
SCOTT A. MUGNO, FedEx Ground
KAREN H. SEXTON, University of Kentucky, Chandler Medical Center
DAVID N. SUNDWALL, University of Utah School of Medicine
CATHERINE ZURN, Orange County Sheriff-Coroner Department
Study Staff
CATHARYN T. LIVERMAN, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER M. COLVIN, Program Officer
RACHEL M. TAYLOR, Research Associate
PAMELLA ATAYI, Senior Program Assistant
JUDY ESTEP, Program Associate
GARY WALKER, Financial Associate
____________
1The planning committee’s role was limited to planning the workshop, and the workshop summary has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.
This page is blank
Reviewers
This summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this summary:
Amy B. Adler, Lead Scientist and Science Coordinator, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Europe
Bryan W. Flynn, Associate Professor, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Dennis Holley, Supervisory Air Marshal in Charge, Transportation Security Administration, Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service
Amy L. Kristof-Brown, Professor and Director, PhD Program in Management and Organizations, Henry B. Tippie Research Professor of Human Resource Management, The University of Iowa
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this summary was
overseen by Linda Hawes Clever with the California Pacific Medical Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this summary rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.
Acknowledgments
The Workforce Resiliency Programs workshop series would not have been possible without the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS’s) Office of Health Affairs (OHA) sponsorship of the Standing Committee on Health Threats Resilience. Dr. Alexander Garza’s leadership was critical in bringing attention to this timely issue. Dr. Kathryn Brinsfield and Alisa Green’s dedication and attention to detail made it possible to ensure that all stakeholders participated in the workshops. The planning committee’s hard work created a dynamic environment to present a broad array of views on a complex topic.
The planning committee wishes to express its gratitude to all the speakers and panelists for their thoughtful and stimulating contributions. The reviewers’ thoughtful comments helped clarify and focus the written summary. Finally, the support of the Institute of Medicine staff ensured a collaborative and productive planning process.
This page is blank
Contents
Resilience Within the Department of Homeland Security
2 OVERVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY RESILIENCE ISSUES AND PROGRAMS
An Overview of DHS Resilience Programs
Department of Homeland Security’s Human Capital Framework
Understanding the Effect of Occupational Stressors on Operational Readiness
Communicating the Security Clearance Process and Requirements
Resilience Issues in Program and Policy Personnel Panel Discussion
3 AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF RESILIENCE
Defining Resilience for Communities and Organizations
Integrating Resilience into Health and Safety
4 FACTORS INFLUENCING WORKFORCE EFFECTIVENESS AND RESILIENCE
High-Reliability Organizations and Complex Adaptive Systems
Organizational and Cultural Changes for Employee Work–Family Effectiveness
Teams Under Stress: Cues, Consequences, and Corrections
Leadership Effectiveness and Resilience
Wellness and Resilience in the National Security Agency
Chairman’s Total Force Fitness Framework
Factors Influencing Workforce Effectiveness and Resilience Panel Discussion
5 RESILIENCE PROGRAMS AND INTERVENTIONS
Resilience Research in the Military
First-Responder Research and Workforce Resilience
Resilience Programs Panel Discussion
6 LEVERAGING EXISTING SERVICES AND PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT RESILIENCE
Leveraging Existing Services and Programs Panel Discussion
7 UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Organizational Management and Measurement: Lessons Learned from 40 Years of FedEx Employee Survey
Understanding Individual and Organizational Resilience and Performance Measures Panel Discussion
8 PERSPECTIVES ON PRIORITIES AND NEXT STEPS
Key Comments from the September Workshop
Perspectives of Department of Homeland Security Components on Resilience
APPENDIXES
A Workforce Resiliency: A Workshop Series: Workshop Agendas
B Workforce Resiliency Programs: A Workshop Series: Planning Committee Biographies
This page is blank
CBP | Customs and Border Protection | |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | |
CHCO | Chief Human Capital Office | |
DCoE | Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health & Traumatic Brain Injury | |
DHS | Department of Homeland Security | |
DOD | Department of Defense | |
EAP | employee assistance program | |
EMS | emergency medical services | |
EPA | Environment Protection Agency | |
EVS | Employee Viewpoint Survey | |
FAMS | Federal Air Marshal Service | |
FEMA | Federal Emergency Management Agency | |
FLETC | Federal Law Enforcement Training Center | |
HRO | high-reliability organization | |
ICE | Immigration and Customs Enforcement | |
IOM | Institute of Medicine | |
NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health | |
NRC | Nuclear Regulatory Commission | |
NSA | National Security Agency |
OCHCO | Office of the Chief Human Capital Officer | |
OCSO | Office of the Chief Security Officer | |
OEF | Operation Enduring Freedom | |
OHA | Office of Health Affairs | |
OIF | Operation Iraqi Freedom | |
OMB | Office of Management and Budget | |
OPM | Office of Personnel Management | |
PSD | Personnel Security Division | |
PTSD | post-traumatic stress disorder | |
SES | senior executive service | |
START | National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism | |
TSA | Transportation Security Administration | |
USCG | U.S. Coast Guard | |
USCIS | U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services | |
USSS | U.S. Secret Service |