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Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey (2012)

Chapter: Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia

« Previous: Appendix C: 2011 American Community Survey: Group Quarters Questionnaire
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

B26001: Group Quarters Population in Virginia


  Estimate Margin of Error

Total 251,365 *****

B09001: Population Under 18 Years of Age in Virginia


  Estimate Margin of Error

Total 1,831,470 +/–1,131
In households 1,825,930 +/–1,518

Under 3 years

309,657 +/–2,952

3 and 4 years

211,419 +/–2,810

5 years

98,457 +/–2,324

6 to 8 years

294,749 +/–3,337

9 to 11 years

295,298 +/–3,201

12 to 14 years

306,584 +/–3,053

15 to 17 years

309,766 +/–1,016
In group quarters 5,540 +/–927

NOTE: An ***** entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.

SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau. Available: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

B09016: Household Type (including living alone) by Relationship in Virginia


  Estimate Margin of Error

Total 7,721,730 *****

In households

7,470,365 *****

In family households

6,234,990 +/-10,159

Householder

1,967,020 +/-8,603

Male

1,165,765 +/-9,416

Female

801,255 +/-5,205

Spouse

1,497,397 +/-10,474

Child

2,194,666 +/-8,133

Grandchild

137,854 +/-3,605

Brother or sister

77,810 +/-3,500

Parent

76,511 +/-3,051

Other relatives

145,889 +/-4,912

Nonrelatives

137,843 +/-3,592

Roomer or boarder

16,224 +/-1,369

Housemate or roommate

23,893 +/-1,496

Unmarried partner

53,507 +/-1,823

Foster child

4,529 +/-634

Other nonrelatives

39,690 +/-1,887

In nonfamily households

1,235,375 +/-10,159

Householder

969,614 +/-5,352

Male

439,455 +/-4,329

Living alone

339,966 +/-3,958

Not living alone

99,489 +/-2,551

Female

530,159 +/-4,294

Living alone

454,289 +/-4,088

Not living alone

75,870 +/-2,214

Nonrelatives

265,761 +/-7,354

Roomer or boarder

27,978 +/-2,498

Housemate or roommate

121,589 +/-5,044

Unmarried partner

85,067 +/-2,130

Foster child

772 +/-238

Other nonrelatives

30,355 +/-1,989

In group quarters

251,365 *****

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

B09017: Relationship by Household Type (including living alone) for the Population 65 Years and Over in Virginia


  Estimate Margin of Error

Total 907,858 +/-893

In households

869,554 +/-1,906

In family households

599,007 +/-3,799

Householder

302,380 +/-2,281

Male

213,289 +/-1,929

Female

89,091 +/-1,700

Spouse

215,765 +/-1,891

Parent

46,754 +/-1,950

Other relatives

31,078 +/-1,376

Nonrelatives

3,030 +/-353
In nonfamily households 270,547 +/-3,415

Householder

261,228 +/-3,517

Male

72,097 +/-1,487

Living alone

66,868 +/-1,468

Not living alone

5,229 +/-439

Female

189,131 +/-2,750

Living alone

183,801 +/-2,725

Not living alone

5,330 +/-438

Nonrelatives

9,319 +/-715
In group quarters 38,304 +/-1,518

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

S2601A: Characteristics of the Group Quarters Population in the United States, Virginia


Subject Total Population Total Group Quarters Population Institutionalized Group Quarters Population Noninstitutionalized Group Quarters Population
Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error

Total Population 7,721,730 ***** 251,365 ***** 110,925 +/-632 140,440 +/-632

Sex and Age

Male

49.1% +/-0.1 62.3% +/-1.1 67.0% +/-1.2 58.6% +/-1.6

Female

50.9% +/-0.1 37.7% +/-1.1 33.0% +/-1.2 41.4% +/-1.6

Under 15 years

19.7% +/-0.1 0.8% +/-0.2 1.2% +/-0.4 0.4% +/-0.3

15 to 17 years

4.1% +/-0.1 1.4% +/-0.2 2.0% +/-0.5 1.0% +/-0.2

18 to 24 years

10.3% +/-0.1 48.7% +/-0.9 11.2% +/-0.9 78.2% +/-1.4

25 to 34 years

13.5% +/-0.1 13.2% +/-0.8 19.6% +/-1.0 8.2% +/-1.1

35 to 44 years

14.8% +/-0.1 9.7% +/-0.5 17.1% +/-0.9 3.9% +/-0.6

45 to 54 years

14.8% +/-0.1 7.3% +/-0.5 11.9% +/-0.8 3.8% +/-0.6

55 to 64 years

11.1% +/-0.1 3.6% +/-0.3 5.8% +/-0.7 1.9% +/-0.4

65 to 74 years

6.4% +/-0.1 2.9% +/-0.3 5.5% +/-0.6 0.9% +/-0.2

75 to 84 years

3.9% +/-0.1 5.3% +/-0.4 11.0% +/-0.7 0.7% +/-0.3

85 years and over

1.5% +/-0.1 7.1% +/-0.5 14.7% +/-0.8 1.1% +/-0.5

Under 18 years

1,831,470 +/-1,131 5,540 +/-927 3,590 +/-738 1,950 +/-447

Male

51.1% +/-0.1 61.1% +/-6.2 75.3% +/-7.8 34.8% +/-7.2

Female

48.9% +/-0.1 38.9% +/-6.2 24.7% +/-7.8 65.2% +/-7.2

65 years and over

907,858 +/-893 38,304 +/-1,518 34,595 +/-905 3,709 +/-1,097

Male

42.0% +/-0.1 28.6% +/-1.5 27.6% +/-1.5 37.7% +/-8.1

Female

58.0% +/-0.1 71.4% +/-1.5 72.4% +/-1.5 62.3% +/-8.1

Median age (years)

36.7 +/-0.1 24.6 +/-0.4 44.3 +/-0.7 20.3 +/-0.1

Race and Hispanic Origin or Latino Origin

One race

7,562,029 +/-4,542 246,435 +/-658 109,828 +/-647 136,607 +/-841

White

72.2% +/-0.1 63.8% +/-1.2 53.4% +/-1.5 72.1% +/-1.7

Black or African American

20.0% +/-0.1 31.7% +/-1.1 44.1% +/-1.4 21.7% +/-1.5
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

American Indian and Alaska Native

0.3% +/-0.1 0.4% +/-0.1 0.3% +/-0.1 0.4% +/-0.1

Asian

4.9% +/-0.1 2.4% +/-0.3 0.6% +/-0.2 3.9% +/-0.5

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

0.1% +/-0.1 0.1% +/-0.1 0.1% +/-0.1 0.2% +/-0.2

Some other race

2.5% +/-0.1 1.6% +/-0.3 1.5% +/-0.2 1.7% +/-0.5

Two or more races

159,701 +/-4,542 4,930 +/-658 1,097 +/-209 3,833 +/-670

Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

6.7% +/-0.1 5.3% +/-0.6 3.3% +/-0.4 6.8% +/-1.0

Not Hispanic or Latino

93.3% +/-0.1 94.7% +/-0.6 96.7% +/-0.4 93.2% +/-1.0

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino

67.0% +/-0.1 59.7% +/-1.3 51.5% +/-1.5 66.1% +/-2.0

Marital Status

Population 15 years and over

6,203,670 +/-1,170 249,469 +/-580 109,566 +/-789 139,903 +/-767

Now married, except separated

51.8% +/-0.3 10.9% +/-0.6 15.7% +/-0.9 7.1% +/-0.9

Widowed

5.9% +/-0.1 9.5% +/-0.5 19.8% +/-0.8 1.5% +/-0.6

Divorced

9.5% +/-0.1 6.8% +/-0.5 11.7% +/-0.9 3.0% +/-0.6

Separated

2.6% +/-0.1 2.8% +/-0.4 4.5% +/-0.5 1.4% +/-0.5

Never married

30.2% +/-0.2 70.0% +/-0.9 48.3% +/-1.3 87.0% +/-1.3

School Enrollment

Population 3 years and over enrolled in school

2,033,368 +/-7,036 92,202 +/-2,734 5,811 +/-949 86,391 +/-2,428

Nursery school through 12th grade

70.9% +/-0.2 6.1% +/-0.8 74.2% +/-9.1 1.6% +/-0.5

College or graduate school

29.1% +/-0.2 93.9% +/-0.8 25.8% +/-9.1 98.4% +/-0.5

Educational Attainment

Population 25 years and over

5,092,358 +/-1,855 123,516 +/-2,250 94,892 +/-1,157 28,624 +/-1,892

High school graduate or higher

85.8% +/-0.1 60.8% +/-1.6 57.7% +/-1.6 71.2% +/-3.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher

33.4% +/-0.2 10.1% +/-1.4 8.0% +/-1.0 16.7% +/-4.5
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

Veteran Status

Civilian population 18 years and over

5,764,663 +/-2,777 208,547 +/-1,420 107,335 +/-988 101,212 +/-929

Civilian veteran

13.0% +/-0.1 8.5% +/-0.7 12.1% +/-1.1 4.6% +/-0.9

Disability Status

Total population

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

With a disability

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Population under 18 years

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

With a disability

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Population 18 to 64 years

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

With a disability

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

No disability

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Population 65 years and over

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

With a disability

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Residence 1 Year Ago

Population 1 year and over

7,619,716 +/-2,195 251,343 +/-25 110,914 +/-632 140,429 +/-643

Same address

83.3% +/-0.2 47.9% +/-1.6 59.3% +/-1.9 38.9% +/-2.5

Different address in the U.S.

15.9% +/-0.2 50.1% +/-1.4 40.3% +/-1.9 57.8% +/-2.1

Same county

6.9% +/-0.1 9.2% +/-0.6 12.0% +/-1.0 7.0% +/-0.7

Different county

9.1% +/-0.1 40.9% +/-1.4 28.4% +/-1.6 50.7% +/-2.1

Same state

5.3% +/-0.1 23.8% +/-1.0 23.7% +/-1.4 23.9% +/-1.3

Different state

3.7% +/-0.1 17.0% +/-1.0 4.7% +/-0.7 26.8% +/-1.9

Abroad

0.8% +/-0.1 2.0% +/-0.8 0.4% +/-0.1 3.3% +/-1.5
Place of Birth, Citizenship Status, and Year of Entry

Total population

7,721,730 ***** 251,365 ***** 110,925 +/-632 140,440 +/-632

Native

6,941,095 +/-6,929 236,137 +/-2,236 106,575 +/-729 129,562 +/-2,339

Male

49.1% +/-0.1 61.8% +/-1.2 66.8% +/-1.2 57.6% +/-1.7

Female

50.9% +/-0.1 38.2% +/-1.2 33.2% +/-1.2 42.4% +/-1.7

Foreign born

780,635 +/-6,929 15,228 +/-2,236 4,350 +/-548 10,878 +/-2,207

Male

49.6% +/-0.3 71.0% +/-4.9 72.0% +/-5.4 70.6% +/-6.2

Female

50.4% +/-0.3 29.0% +/-4.9 28.0% +/-5.4 29.4% +/-6.2

Naturalized U.S. citizen

341,649 +/-4,673 4,892 +/-769 1,437 +/-292 3,455 +/-772
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

Male

46.3% +/-0.5 59.0% +/-6.7 40.2% +/-8.8 66.8% +/-7.8

Female

53.7% +/-0.5 41.0% +/-6.7 59.8% +/-8.8 33.2% +/-7.8

Not a U.S. citizen

438,986 +/-6,779 10,336 +/-2,111 2,913 +/-470 7,423 +/-2,011

Male

52.2% +/-0.5 76.7% +/-5.7 87.6% +/-5.3 72.3% +/-8.4

Female

47.8% +/-0.5 23.3% +/-5.7 12.4% +/-5.3 27.7% +/-8.4

Entered 2000 or later

33.4% +/-0.6 47.3% +/-7.8 30.3% +/-5.0 54.1% +/-9.6

Entered 1990 to 1999

30.1% +/-0.5 29.8% +/-4.7 23.7% +/-3.6 32.2% +/-7.0

Entered before 1990

36.5% +/-0.5 22.9% +/-5.4 45.9% +/-5.9 13.7% +/-6.2
Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English

Population 5 years and over

7,200,451 +/-924 251,162 +/-164 110,904 +/-632 140,258 +/-680

English only

86.8% +/-0.1 91.1% +/-1.0 94.3% +/-0.6 88.6% +/-1.7

Language other than English

13.2% +/-0.1 8.9% +/-1.0 5.7% +/-0.6 11.4% +/-1.7

Speak English less than “very well”

5.4% +/-0.1 3.0% +/-0.8 2.3% +/-0.3 3.5% +/-1.4
Employment Status

Population 16 years and over

6,097,997 +/-2,034 248,765 +/-705 (X) (X) 139,903 +/-767

In labor force

67.4% +/-0.1 28.7% +/-1.0 (X) (X) 51.0% +/-1.8

Civilian labor force

65.4% +/-0.1 13.7% +/-1.0 (X) (X) 24.3% +/-1.9

Employed

61.8% +/-0.1 11.2% +/-1.0 (X) (X) 20.0% +/-1.7

Unemployed

3.6% +/-0.1 2.4% +/-0.3 (X) (X) 4.3% +/-0.5

Percent of civilian labor force

5.4% +/-0.1 17.8% +/-2.0 (X) (X) 17.8% +/-2.0

Armed Forces

2.1% +/-0.1 15.0% +/-0.5 (X) (X) 26.7% +/-0.7

Not in labor force

32.6% +/-0.1 71.3% +/-1.0 (X) (X) 49.0% +/-1.8
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Occupation

Civilian employed population 16 years and over

3,768,930 +/-7,527 27,960 +/-2,413 (X) (X) 27,960 +/-2,413

Management, professional, and related occupations

40.5% +/-0.2 21.0% +/-2.9 (X) (X) 21.0% +/-2.9

Service occupations

15.3% +/-0.2 28.9% +/-3.0 (X) (X) 28.9% +/-3.0

Sales and office occupations

24.0% +/-0.1 30.4% +/-3.5 (X) (X) 30.4% +/-3.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.5% +/-0.1 8.4% +/-6.4 (X) (X) 8.4% +/-6.4

Construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair occupations

9.5% +/-0.1 4.9% +/-1.3 (X) (X) 4.9% +/-1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

10.3% +/-0.1 6.4% +/-1.6 (X) (X) 6.4% +/-1.6
Income and Benefits in the Past 12 Months (in 2009 inflation-adjusted dollars)

Individuals

7,721,730 ***** 251,365 ***** 110,925 +/-632 140,440 +/-632

Per capita income (dollars)

31,606 +/-124 10,647 +/-427 11,745 +/-494 9,780 +/-586

With earnings

Male

2,326,228 +/-5,004 103,664 +/-3,062 33,817 +/-1,769 69,847 +/-2,534

Female

2,089,092 +/-5,459 49,945 +/-2,492 5,616 +/-991 44,329 +/-2,194

Mean earnings (dollars)

Male

54,667 +/-262 15,297 +/-690 18,204 +/-898 13,890 +/-874

Female

35,303 +/-165 6,119 +/-384 9,590 +/-1,815 5,680 +/-389

Median earnings (dollars)

Male

39,054 +/-213 10,739 +/-547 11,010 +/-579 10,486 +/-951

Female

26,582 +/-142 3,058 +/-190 5,504 +/-1,832 2,860 +/-210

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits

(X) (X) 5,250 +/-877 2,805 +/-434 2,445 +/-763

Poverty Rates for People for Whom Poverty Status Is Determined

All people

10.1% +/-0.1 61.2% +/-6.9 (X) (X) 61.2% +/-6.9

18 years and over

9.1% +/-0.1 61.2% +/-6.9 (X) (X) 61.2% +/-6.9

18 to 64 years

9.1% +/-0.1 66.4% +/-7.8 (X) (X) 66.4% +/-7.8

65 years and over

8.9% +/-0.2 38.1% +/-8.6 (X) (X) 38.1% +/-8.6

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 126
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 127
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 128
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 129
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 130
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 131
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 132
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
Page 133
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
×
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In the early 1990s, the Census Bureau proposed a program of continuous measurement as a possible alternative to the gathering of detailed social, economic, and housing data from a sample of the U.S. population as part of the decennial census. The American Community Survey (ACS) became a reality in 2005, and has included group quarters (GQ)-such places as correctional facilities for adults, student housing, nursing facilities, inpatient hospice facilities, and military barracks-since 2006, primarily to more closely replicate the design and data products of the census long-form sample.

The decision to include group quarters in the ACS enables the Census Bureau to provide a comprehensive benchmark of the total U.S. population (not just those living in households). However, the fact that the ACS must rely on a sample of what is a small and very diverse population, combined with limited funding available for survey operations, makes the ACS GQ sampling, data collection, weighting, and estimation procedures more complex and the estimates more susceptible to problems stemming from these limitations. The concerns are magnified in small areas, particularly in terms of detrimental effects on the total population estimates produced for small areas.

Small Populations, Large Effects provides an in-depth review of the statistical methodology for measuring the GQ population in the ACS. This report addresses difficulties associated with measuring the GQ population and the rationale for including GQs in the ACS. Considering user needs for ACS data and of operational feasibility and compatibility with the treatment of the household population in the ACS, the report recommends alternatives to the survey design and other methodological features that can make the ACS more useful for users of small-area data.

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