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Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey (2012)

Chapter: Appendix G: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs with Funds Sent Directly to Substate Areas Based on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008

« Previous: Appendix F: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs That Relied on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs with Funds Sent Directly to Substate Areas Based on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
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Appendix G

The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs with Funds Sent Directly to Substate Areas Based on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008


CFDA Number and Program Name Department Fiscal Year 2008 Expenditures Data Set Recipient

10.410 Very Low-to-Moderate Income Housing Loans USDA $7,268,193,451 Population Estimates Program estimates, MSAs, area median income, and SF-3/ACS Individuals
20.500 Federal Transit—Capital Investment Grants (Fixed Guideway Modernization Bus and Bus Facilities New Starts) DOT $4,667,272,525 Population Estimates Program estimates State and local public agencies
14.218 Community Development Block Grants/Entitlement Grants HUD $2,570,735,980 Population Estimates Program estimates, MSAs, area median income, and SF-3/ACS Cities and counties
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs with Funds Sent Directly to Substate Areas Based on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
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10.558 Child and Adult Care Food Program USDA $2,367,591,204 SF-3/ACS and SAIPE States or approvedinstitutions
10.760 Water and Waste Disposal Systems for Rural Communities USDA $2,317,463,815 Population Estimates Program estimates, MSAs, SF-3/ACS, and area median income Counties and localgovernments
14.872 Public Housing Capital Fund HUD $2,277,009,757 Area median income and MSAs Public housing agencies
10.850 Rural Electrification Loans and Loan Guarantees USDA $2,255,350,000 Population Estimates Program estimates Rural electric cooperatives
14.228 Community Development Block Grants/State’s Program HUD $1,981,935,290 Population Estimates Program estimates, MSAs, area median income, and SF-3/ACS Counties and cities
14.239 HOME Investment Partnerships Program HUD $1,560,899,281 Per capita income States and local governments
10.768 Business and Industry Loans USDA $1,547,724,817 Population Estimates Program estimates Individuals or rural organizations

NOTES: DOT = U.S. Department of Transportation, HUD = U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, MSA = metropolitan statistical area, SAIPE = Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates Program, SF-3/ACS = Census 2000 Summary File 3/American Community Survey, USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture.
SOURCE: Taeuber and Carpenter (unpublished).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs with Funds Sent Directly to Substate Areas Based on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
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Page 141
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs with Funds Sent Directly to Substate Areas Based on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008." National Research Council. 2012. Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13387.
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Page 142
Next: Appendix H: Plots of Relative Differences, ACS Estimates from 2005-2009, 2007-2009, and 2009 with Expected Estimates of the Group Quarters Population in U.S. States »
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In the early 1990s, the Census Bureau proposed a program of continuous measurement as a possible alternative to the gathering of detailed social, economic, and housing data from a sample of the U.S. population as part of the decennial census. The American Community Survey (ACS) became a reality in 2005, and has included group quarters (GQ)-such places as correctional facilities for adults, student housing, nursing facilities, inpatient hospice facilities, and military barracks-since 2006, primarily to more closely replicate the design and data products of the census long-form sample.

The decision to include group quarters in the ACS enables the Census Bureau to provide a comprehensive benchmark of the total U.S. population (not just those living in households). However, the fact that the ACS must rely on a sample of what is a small and very diverse population, combined with limited funding available for survey operations, makes the ACS GQ sampling, data collection, weighting, and estimation procedures more complex and the estimates more susceptible to problems stemming from these limitations. The concerns are magnified in small areas, particularly in terms of detrimental effects on the total population estimates produced for small areas.

Small Populations, Large Effects provides an in-depth review of the statistical methodology for measuring the GQ population in the ACS. This report addresses difficulties associated with measuring the GQ population and the rationale for including GQs in the ACS. Considering user needs for ACS data and of operational feasibility and compatibility with the treatment of the household population in the ACS, the report recommends alternatives to the survey design and other methodological features that can make the ACS more useful for users of small-area data.

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