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Leslie Pray and Laura Pillsbury, Rapporteurs Food Forum Food and Nutrition Board

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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Govern- ing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer- ing, and the Institute of Medicine. This study was supported by Contract No. AG-3A94-P-11-0081, FS-11-DC-01, and CNPP/IOM-11-01 (U.S. Department of Agriculture), N01-OD-4-2139 (National Institutes of Health), and HHSF22301020T (Food and Drug Administration) with the National Academy of Sciences. Additional support came from Abbott Labo- ratories, Campbell Soup, Cargill, Coca-Cola Company, ConAgra Foods, General Mills, Kellogg Company, Kraft Foods, Mars, McDonalds, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Monsanto, Nestlé Nutrition, and PepsiCo. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided sup- port for this project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-25736-7 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-25736-0 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu. Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Cover credit: Image designed by Casey Weeks. Printed in the United States of America The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent ad- opted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin. Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2012. Building public–private partnerships in food and nutrition: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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“Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” — Goethe Advising the Nation. Improving Health.

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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Acad- emy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding en- gineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer- ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is presi- dent of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Insti- tute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci- ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Coun- cil is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org

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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON BUILDING MULTISECTORAL PARTNERSHIPS IN FOOD AND NUTRITION1 VAN S. HUBBARD (Chair), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland SUSAN BORRA (Vice Chair), Food Marketing Institute, Arlington, Virginia DAVID CASTLE, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom SUSAN CROCKETT, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota ERIC DECKER, University of Massachusetts, Amherst WILLIAM DIETZ, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia DIANE FINEGOOD, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada CYNTHIA GOODY, McDonald’s USA, Oak Brook, Illinois JESSICA LEIGHTON, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland JOHN MILNER, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland PAULA TRUMBO, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland CATHERINE WOTEKI, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC IOM Staff LAURA PILLSBURY, Study Director GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant LINDA D. MEYERS, Director, Food and Nutrition Board 1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the work- shop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution. v

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FOOD FORUM1 FRANK BUSTA (Chair), University of Minnesota, St. Paul MARK ANDON, ConAgra Foods Inc., Omaha, Nebraska PAUL M. COATES, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland DAVID B. COCKRAM, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio SUSAN J. CROCKETT, General Mills, Minneapolis, Minnesota ERIC A. DECKER, University of Massachusetts, Amherst CAROLINE SMITH DEWAAL, Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, DC SAMUEL GODEFROY, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario DAVID GOLDMAN, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC CINDY GOODY, McDonalds Corporation, Oak Brook, Illinois SONYA A. GRIER, American University, Washington, DC BRENDA HALBROOK, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, Virginia JERRY HJELLE, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri KATE J. HOUSTON, Cargill Incorporated, Washington, DC VAN S. HUBBARD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland LEE-ANN JAYKUS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh GORDON L. JENSEN, Pennsylvania State University, University Park RENÉE S. JOHNSON, Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC WENDY L. JOHNSON-ASKEW, Nestlé Nutrition, Florham Park, New Jersey GENE KAHN, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington CAROL KELLAR, Kraft Foods, Glenview, Illinois MICHAEL M. LANDA, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland MARGARET LEAHY, The Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia ERIK D. OLSON, Pew Health Group, Washington, DC ROBERT C. POST, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, Virginia STEVEN W. RIZK, Mars Chocolate North America, Hackettstown, New Jersey SARAH ROLLER, Kelley Drye & Warren LLP, Washington, DC SYLVIA B. ROWE, SR Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC PETER VAN DAEL, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, Indiana PARKE E. WILDE, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts DEREK YACH, PepsiCo, Purchase, NewYork 1 Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution. vi

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Food Forum Staff LAURA PILLSBURY, Director GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant ANTON L. BANDY, Financial Associate LINDA D. MEYERS, Senior Director, Food and Nutrition Board vii

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Reviewers T his report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confiden- tial to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: WENDY L. JOHNSON-ASKEW, Nestlé Nutrition VIVICA KRAAK, Deakin University JOANNE R. LUPTON, Texas A&M University BARBARA O. SCHNEEMAN, Food and Drug Administration Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Melvin Worth. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution. ix

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Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Workshop Format: An Emphasis on Small-Group Discussion, 4 Report Organization and Major Themes of Discussion, 6 2 WHY PARTNER? 9 The Public Health Value of Public–Private Partnership, 10 Finding Common Ground for Collaboration, 14 With Benefits Come Risks, 17 What About the Public?, 21 3 HOW TO PARTNER 23 Models of Success, 24 Important Features of Successful Partnerships, 29 Strategic Value of Public–Private Collaboration, 35 4 WHAT NEXT? 41 Tools for Building Public–Private Partnerships in Food and Nutrition, 42 Moving the Conversation Forward: Three Possible Partnership Projects, 50 Moving Beyond Discussion to Action, 53 REFERENCES 55 xi

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xii CONTENTS APPENDIXES A Workshop Agenda 57 B Speaker Biographical Sketches 61 C Workshop Attendees 67