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Page 284
| SUMMARY TABLE Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes of Selected Vitamins and Mineralsa
| | | | Vitamins
| | Category
| Age
(years)
| Biotin
(µg)
| Pantothenic
Acid (mg)
| | Infants
| 0-0.5
| 10
| 2
| | | 0.5-1
| 15
| 3
| | Children and
| 1-3
| 20
| 3
| | adolescents
| 4-6
| 25
| 3-4
| | | 7-10
| 30
| 4-5
| | | 11 +
| 30-100
| 4-7
| | Adults
| | 30-100
| 4-7
| | | | Trace Elementsb
| | Category
| Age
(years)
| Copper
(mg)
| Man-
ganese
(mg)
| Fluoride
(mg)
| Chromium
(µg)
| Molybdenum
(µg)
| | Infants
| 0-0.5
| 0.4-0.6
| 0.3-0.6
| 0.1-0.5
| 10-40
| 15-30
| | | 0.5-1
| 0.6-0.7
| 0.6-1.0
| 0.2-1.0
| 20-60
| 20-40
| | Children and
| 1-3
| 0.7-1.0
| 1.0-1.5
| 0.5-1.5
| 20-80
| 25-50
| | adolescents
| 4-6
| 1.0-1.5
| 1.5-2.0
| 1.0-2.5
| 30-120
| 30-75
| | | 7-10
| 1.0-2.0
| 2.0-3.0
| 1.5-2.5
| 50-200
| 50-150
| | | 11 +
| 1.5-2.5
| 2.0-5.0
| 1.5-2.5
| 50-200
| 75-250
| | Adults
| | 1.5-3.0
| 2.0-5.0
| 1.5-4.0
| 50-200
| 75-250
| a Because there is less information on which to base allowances, these figures are not given in the main table of RDA and are provided here in the form of ranges of recommended intakes.
b Since the toxic levels for many trace elements may be only several times usual intakes, the upper levels for the trace elements given in this table should not be habitually exceeded.
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Page 284
SUMMARY TABLE Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes of Selected Vitamins and Mineralsa
Vitamins
Category
Age (years)
Biotin (µg)
Pantothenic Acid (mg)
Infants
0-0.5
10
2
0.5-1
15
3
Children and
1-3
20
3
adolescents
4-6
25
3-4
7-10
30
4-5
11 +
30-100
4-7
Adults
30-100
4-7
Trace Elementsb
Category
Age (years)
Copper (mg)
Man- ganese (mg)
Fluoride (mg)
Chromium (µg)
Molybdenum (µg)
Infants
0-0.5
0.4-0.6
0.3-0.6
0.1-0.5
10-40
15-30
0.5-1
0.6-0.7
0.6-1.0
0.2-1.0
20-60
20-40
Children and
1-3
0.7-1.0
1.0-1.5
0.5-1.5
20-80
25-50
adolescents
4-6
1.0-1.5
1.5-2.0
1.0-2.5
30-120
30-75
7-10
1.0-2.0
2.0-3.0
1.5-2.5
50-200
50-150
11 +
1.5-2.5
2.0-5.0
1.5-2.5
50-200
75-250
Adults
1.5-3.0
2.0-5.0
1.5-4.0
50-200
75-250
a Because there is less information on which to base allowances, these figures are not given in the main table of RDA and are provided here in the form of ranges of recommended intakes.
b Since the toxic levels for many trace elements may be only several times usual intakes, the upper levels for the trace elements given in this table should not be habitually exceeded.
OCR for page 285
Page 285
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES—NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCESa Revised 1989
Designed for the maintenance of good nutrition of practically all healthy people in the United States
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Minerals
Vita- min A (mg RE)c
Vita- min D (mg)d
Vita- min E (mga-TE)e
Vita- min K (mg)
Vita- min C (mg)
Thia- min (mg)
Ribo- flavin (mg)
Vita- min B6 (mg)
Fo- late (mg)
Vitamin B12 (mg)
Cal- cium (mg)
Phos- phorus (mg)
Mag- nesium (mg)
Sele- nium (mg)
Age (years)
or Condition
Weightb
Heightb
Protein (g)
Niacin (mgNE/)f
Iron (mg)
Zinc (mg)
Iodine (mg)
Category
(kg)
(lb)
(cm)
(in)
Infants
0.0-0.5
6
13
60
24
13
375
7.5
3
5
30
0.3
0.4
5
0.3
25
0.3
400
300
40
6
5
40
10
0.5-1.0
9
20
71
28
14
375
10
4
10
35
0.4
0.5
6
0.6
35
0.5
600
500
60
10
5
50
15
Children
1-3
13
29
90
35
16
400
10
6
15
40
0.7
0.8
9
1.0
50
0.7
800
800
80
10
10
70
20
4-6
20
44
112
44
24
500
10
7
20
45
0.9
1.1
12
1.1
75
1.0
800
800
120
10
10
90
20
7-10
28
62
132
52
28
700
10
7
30
45
1.0
1.2
13
1.4
100
1.4
800
800
170
10
10
120
30
Males
11-14
45
99
157
62
45
1,000
10
10
45
50
1.3
1.5
17
1.7
150
2.0
1,200
1,200
270
12
15
150
40
15-18
66
145
176
69
59
1,000
10
10
65
60
1.5
1.8
20
2.0
200
2.0
1,200
1,200
400
12
15
150
50
19-24
72
160
177
70
58
1,000
10
10
70
60
1.5
1.7
19
2.0
200
2.0
1,200
1,200
350
10
15
150
70
25-50
79
174
176
70
63
1,000
5
10
80
60
1.5
1.7
19
2.0
200
2.0
800
800
350
10
15
150
70
51+
77
170
173
68
63
1,000
5
10
80
60
1.2
1.4
15
2.0
200
2.0
800
800
350
10
15
150
70
Females
11-14
46
101
157
62
46
800
10
8
45
50
1.1
1.3
15
1.4
150
2.0
1,200
1,200
280
15
12
150
45
15-18
55
120
163
64
44
800
10
8
55
60
1.1
1.3
15
1.5
180
2.0
1,200
1,200
300
15
12
150
50
19-24
58
128
164
65
46
800
10
8
60
60
1.1
1.3
15
1.6
180
2.0
1,200
1,200
280
15
12
150
55
25-50
63
138
163
64
50
800
5
8
65
60
1.1
1.3
15
1.6
180
2.0
800
800
280
15
12
150
55
51+
65
143
160
63
50
800
5
8
65
60
1.0
1.2
13
1.6
180
2.0
800
800
280
10
12
150
55
Pregnant
60
800
10
10
65
70
1.5
1.6
17
2.2
400
2.2
1,200
1,200
300
30
15
175
65
Lactating
1st 6 months
65
1,300
10
12
65
95
1.6
1.8
20
2.1
280
2.6
1,200
1,200
355
15
19
200
75
2nd 6 months
62
1,200
10
11
65
90
1.6
1.7
20
2.1
260
2.6
1,200
1,200
340
15
16
200
75
a The allowances, expressed as average daily intakes over time, are intended to provide for individual variations among most normal persons as they live in the United States under usual environmental stresses. Diets should be based on a variety of common foods in order to provide other nutrients for which human requirements have been less well defined. See text for detailed discussion of allowances and of nutrients not tabulated.
b Weights and heights of Reference Adults are actual medians for the U.S. population of the designated age, as reported by NHANES II. The median weights and heights of those under 19 years of age were taken from Hamill et al. (1979) (see pages 16-17). The use of these figures does not imply that the height-to-weight ratios are ideal.
c Retinol equivalents. 1 retinol equivalent = 1 mg retinol or 6 mg b-carotene. See text for calculation of vitamin A activity of diets as retinol equivalents.
d As cholecalciferol. 10 mg cholecalciferol -- 400 IU of vitamin D.
e a-Tocopherol equivalents. 1 mg d-a tocopherol = 1 a-TE. See text for variation in allowances and calculation of vitamin E activity of the diet as a-tocopherol equivalents.
f 1 NE (niacin equivalent) is equal to I mg of niacin or 60 mg of dietary tryptophan.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
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