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OCR for page 71
Glossary
Chemical management practice. For the
purpose of this report, activities consisting
of transportation across and within facility
boundaries, waste reduction, storage and
handling, and on-site tracking and treatment
of toxic chemicals.
Closure. In a mass balance application,
closure is achieved when all inputs to a
manufacturing facility, outputs from it, and
accumulations within have been identified
and the masses measured. The mass of in-
puts should equal the mass of outputs plus
accumulations, within the accuracy of the
measurements. The masses used may be
total mass, masses of individual, nonreact-
ing chemicals, or masses of individual
chemical elements or combinations of ele-
ments.
EMB (engineering mass balance). An ap-
plication of the principle of mass balance to
a production unit or facility. For each unit
and for the whole facility, the mass of
inputs, outputs, and accumulations are
determined by measurement. The masses
used may be the total mass, mass of a
nonreacting chemical, or the masses of
individual chemical elements or
combinations of elements.
Facility. All buildings, equipment, struc-
tures, and other stationary items that are
71
located on a single site or on contiguous or
adjacent sites and that are owned and
operated by the same person (or by any
person who controls, is controlled by, or
shares control with such person).
Manufacture. For the purpose of this re-
port, to produce, prepare, import, or com-
pound a chemical.
MA (materials accounting). An approach to
obtaining mass balance data that relies on
information likely to be collected routinely
at a facility for various purposes. Such
information usually describes only material
flows across facility boundaries; closure is
not the goal. Examples of information used
in MA are shipment records of raw materials
into a facility and production records indi-
cating the specific amounts of chemicals
contained in products shipped from the faci-
lity. More exacting measurements made for
ail EMB could also be included as MA data.
Mass balance. The principle that the sum of
the mass of chemical inputs equals the sum
of the outputs after all chemical changes and
accumulation within a facility have been
accounted for.
Mass balance data (or information). An ac-
cumulation of the quantities of chemicals
transported to a facility, produced at a
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facility, consumed at a facility, used at a
facility, accumulated at a facility, released
from a facility, and transported from a
facility as a waste or as a commercial
product or byproduct or component of a
commercial product or byproduct.
New Jersey Industrial Survey. A project
conducted by the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection between 1979 and
1982 to establish a MA database about the
manufacture, use, storage, processing, for-
mation, release, disposal, and repackaging of
a group of chemical substances selected on
the basis of their carcinogenicity or other
toxic effects.
NGA (National Governors' Association).
Under agreement with the National Research
Council, NGA conducted a survey to obtain
information from the states about their past
or current collection of mass balance-
oriented data.
Normalization. A procedure for adjusting
the reported amount of waste by dividing it
by such mass balance data as amount of
input (e.g., raw material) or output (e.g.,
product).
Precision. A measure of the agreement
among individual measurements made of the
same property of a sample.
Process. To prepare a chemical, after its
manufacture, for distribution in commerce:
(1) in the same form or physical state in
which or in a different form or physical
state from which it was received by the
person so preparing such chemical, or (2) as
part of an article containing the chemical.
Production unit. An assemblage of equip-
ment used to produce one or more chemicals
or other manufactured goods.
Release. Release of a toxic chemical is the
discharge into the environment of the chem-
ical through such actions as spilling, leak-
ing, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,
discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching,
dumping, or disposing into the environment
M45S BALANCE INFORMATION
(including the abandonment or discarding of
barrels, containers, and other closed recep-
tacles).
SARA. The Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986. P.L. 99-499.
Toxic chemicals. The 308 specific chemi-
cals and 20 chemical categories listed by the
EPA for the first cycle of reporting to the
TRI.
TRI (Tonics Release Inventory). The data-
base resulting from the information reported
to EPA as specified in the Toxic Chemical
Release Reporting Final Rule (53 Federal
Register 4525, February 16, 1988) and re-
quired under SARA Section 313.
TRI-listed chemical. The same as toxic
chemical.
Use of a toxic chemical. Any use, including
those covered by the terms to "manufacture"
or to "process" and including use of a toxic
chemical contained in a mixture or trade-
name product. The definition of "use" pre-
sented in 40 CFR 372.3 of the Community
Right-to-Know Final Rule (see Chapter 1) is
more narrow than the definition used in this
report.
Waste minimization. Same as waste
reduction.
Waste reduction. Any of the following
activities performed on wastes generated
within a facility: recycling and/or reuse on
site; recycling and/or reuse off site; modify-
ing equipment and/or technology; modifying
production and/or processing procedures; re-
designing and/or reformulating a product;
substituting raw materials; improving
housekeeping, training, and inventory con-
trol; and any other technique that results in
the reduction or elimination of waste
released to any environmental medium.
Waste-reduction efficiency. A quantitative
measure of progress in waste reduction,
normalized for changes in the production
rate of the facility generating the waste.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
toxic chemical
