Modernize and Upgrade CANDE for Analysis and LRFD Design of Buried Structures (2008)

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TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2008 www.TRB.org N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 619 Subject Areas Bridges, Other Structures, and Hydraulics and Hydrology Modernize and Upgrade CANDE for Analysis and LRFD Design of Buried Structures Mark Mlynarski MICHAEL BAKER JR., INC. Moon Township, PA Michael G. Katona CONSULTANT Gig Harbor, WA Timothy J. McGrath SIMPSON, GUMPERTZ & HEGER, INC. Waltham, MA Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. 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CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 619 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs David B. Beal, Senior Program Officer Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Editor Maria Sabin Crawford, Assistant Editor NCHRP PROJECT 15-28 PANEL Field of Design—Area of General Design Arthur P. Yannotti, New York State DOT, Albany, NY (Chair) Josiah Beakley, American Concrete Pipe Association, Irving, TX Steven L. Folkman, Utah State University, Logan, UT Dallas J. Forester, California DOT, Sacramento, CA Denis D. Stuhff, Utah DOT, Salt Lake City, UT Kevin White, E. L. Robinson Engineering Company, Dublin, OH Erik Wolhowe, Minnesota DOT, Oakdale, MN Jerry A. DiMaggio, FHWA Liaison Jose L. Aldayuz, AASHTO Liaison Stephen F. Maher, TRB Liaison AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 15-28 by Michael Baker Jr., Inc.; Michael G. Katona; and Simpson, Gumpertz & Heger, Inc. Michael Baker Jr., Inc. was the contractor for this study. The work undertaken by Michael Katona and Simpson, Gumpertz & Heger, Inc. was under a subcontract with Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Mark Mlynarski, Project Manager, Michael Baker Jr., Inc., and Michael G. Katona, Ph.D, were the Co- Principal Investigators. The other authors of this report were Timothy J. McGrath, Ph.D., Senior Princi- pal, and Bryan P. Strohman, Engineer of Simpson, Gumpertz & Heger, Inc. The work was performed under the general supervision of Mr. Mlynarski and Dr. Katona. The soft- ware development work at Michael Baker Jr., Inc. was performed under the supervision of Mr. Mlynarski with the assistance of Joseph Ihnat, Software Systems Developer III, and Sabine Boukamp, Civil Associ- ate II. Dr. Katona was responsible for the revisions and enhancements to the CANDE analysis engine. The work performed at Simpson, Gumpertz & Heger, Inc. was under the supervision of Dr. McGrath with the assistance of Mr. Strohman. C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S

This report documents research performed to develop, modernize, and upgrade CANDE (Culvert ANalysis and DEsign). The new version is called CANDE-2007. The report details the research performed to update the program. CANDE installation files are included on a CD-ROM with this report. The installed program includes integrated help files and 14 tutorial examples. The report and software will be of immediate interest to culvert designers. First introduced in 1976 under the sponsorship of FHWA, CANDE is a design and analy- sis tool for all types and sizes of buried structures. CANDE is widely used by state DOTs, industries, consulting firms, and universities in the United States, Canada, Europe, Africa, and Australia. CANDE provides an elastic solution (Level 1), automated finite element mesh generation for common configurations (Level 2), and a user-defined finite element mesh (Level 3). The earlier version, CANDE-89, operates in a batch-mode environment. Significant changes have occurred in computer technology since the issuance of CANDE-89, such as Windows®-based programming environments. Moreover, recent NCHRP studies have introduced new design criteria and analysis techniques, which have been incorporated into AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The objective of NCHRP Project 15-28 was to modernize and upgrade CANDE-89. The products of this research are CANDE-2007, a user-friendly Windows®-based, buried struc- ture analysis and load and resistance factor design program; a comprehensive user’s man- ual and system manual; and a tutorial. Enhancements over earlier versions include an updated finite element analysis engine and graphical tools for interpreting the CANDE out- put. The CANDE analysis solver was enhanced to include an automated bandwidth mini- mizer, an algorithm for predicting large deformations, and LRFD design methodology. In addition to the solver enhancements, an integrated environment was developed to allow input through a menu-driven Windows® interface, a viewer to plot the finite element mesh geometry and results, an output report generator, a graph viewer to review and plot culvert element responses, and a context-sensitive help system. This research was performed by Michael Baker Jr., Inc. assisted by Michael G. Katona and Simpson, Gumpertz and Heger Inc. The report fully documents the software development effort leading to CANDE-2007. F O R E W O R D By David B. Beal Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

C O N T E N T S 1 Summary 3 Chapter 1 Background 3 CANDE Upgrade—AASHTO 5 Chapter 2 Research Approach 6 Chapter 3 Findings and Applications 6 CANDE-2007 Overview 7 Graphical User Interface 10 New Analysis Capabilities 14 Testing and Evaluation 14 Applications—Tutorials 14 List of Tutorial Problems 14 Illustration of Tutorial 21 Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 21 Assessment 21 Future Research 21 Implementation 22 References 23 Appendix Tables of Contents to Companion Documents 24 CANDE-2007 User Manual and Guideline— Abbreviated Table of Contents 25 CANDE-2007 Solution Methods and Formulations— Abbreviated Table of Contents 26 CANDE-2007 Tutorial of Applications— Abbreviated Table of Contents