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Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World (1989)
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education (CBASSE)

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References ! Aaby, P., J. Bukh, I.M. Lisse, and A.J. Smits 1984 Overcrowding and intensive exposure as detemunants of measles mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology 120(1):49-63. Affandi, G., S.S.I. Santoso, Djajadilaga, W. Hadisaputra, P.A. Moeloek, J. Prihartono, F. Lubis, and R.S. Samil 1987 Pregnancy after removal of Norplant. implants contraceptive. Contraception 36(2):203- 209. Aitken, I.W., and B. Walls 1986 Maternal height and cephalopelvic disproportion in Sierra Leone. Tropical Doctor 16(3):132-134. Alauddin, M. 1987 Maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh: The Tangail District. Studies in Family Planning 17(1):13-21. Arkutu, A.A. 1978 A clinical study of maternal age and parturition in 2791 Tanzanian pri~r~iparae. Interna- tional Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 16(1):2~23. Bain C., C.H. Hennekens, F.E. Speizer, B. Rosner, W. Willett, and C. Belanger 1982 Oral contraceptive use and malignant melanoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 68(4):537-539. Bairagi, R. 1986 Food crisis, nutntion, and female children in rural Bangladesh. Population and Develop- ment Review 12(2):307-315. Barlow, D. 1977 We condom and gonorrhea. The Lancet 2:811-812. Bean, Lee L., Geraldine P. Mineau, and Douglas L. Anderton 1987 Reproductive Behavior and Child Survival Among Nineteenth-Century Mo''nons. Paper prepared for the Working Group on the Health Consequences of Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility. Committee on Population, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Beral, V., S. Evans, H. Shaw, and G. Milton 1984 Oral contraceptive use and malignant melanoma in Australia. British Journal of Cancer 50(5):68 1 -685. 99

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1 00 REFERENCES Beral, V., P. Hannaford, and C. Kay 1988 Oral contraceptive use and malignancies of the genital tract. The Lancet 2:1331-1335. Bhatia, J.C. 1985 Maternal Mortality in Anantapur District, India: Preliminary Findings of a Study. WHO FHE/PMM/85.9.16. WHO Interregional Meeting on Prevention of Matemal Mortality, Geneva, 11-15 November. Bhaha, S., S. Becker, and YJ. Kim 1987 The effect of oral contraceptive acceptance on fertility in the postpartum period. Interna- tional Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 25(Suppl): 1 -11. Bhiwandiwala, P.P., S.D. Mumford, and PJ. Feldblum 1983 Menstrual pattern changes following laparoscopic sterilization with different occlusion techniques: A review of 10,004 cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 145(6):684-694. Bijur, P., J. Golding, and M. Kurzon 1988 Childhood accidents, family size, and birth order. Social Science and Medicine 26(8):839- 843. Boerma, J.T., and H.A.W. van Vianen 1984 Birth interval, mortality and growth of children in a rural area of Kenya. Journal of Biosocial Science 16(4):475-486. Bongaarts, J. 1987 Does family planning reduce infant mortality rates? Population and Development Review 13(2):323-334. 1988 Does family planning reduce infant mortality rates?: Reply. Population and Development Review 14(1):188-190. Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program 1974 Surgically confirmed gallbladder disease, versus thromboembolism, and breast tumors in relation to postmenopausal estrogen therapy. NewEngland Journal of Medicine 2(290):15- 19. Bray, R.S., and M.J. Anderson 1979 Falciparum malaria and pregnancy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Medicine and Hygiene 73:427-431. Bnnton, L.A., G.R. Huggins, H.F. Lehman, K. Mallin, D.A. Savitz, E. Trapido, J. Rosenthal, and R. Hoover 1986 Long-tem, use of oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer. International Journal of Cancer 38(3):339-344. Brinton, L.A., M.P. Vessey, R. Flavel, and D. Yeates 1981 Risk factors for benign breast disease. American Journal of Epidemiology 113(3):203- 214. Cantrelle, P., and H. Leridon 1971 Breastfeeding, mortality in childhood and fertility in a rural zone of Senegal. Population Studies 25(3):505-533. Casterline, J.B., and J. T'ussell 1980 Age at First Birth. World Fertility Survey Comparative Studies No. 15. Voorburg, Netherlands: International Statistical Institute. Celentano, D.D., A.C. Klassen, C.S. Weissman, and B. Rosenstein 1987 The role of contraceptive use in cervical cancer: The Maryland cervical cancer case- control study. American Journal of Epidemiology l 26(4):592~4. Centers for Disease Control 1987 Antibody to human immunodeficiency virus in female prostitutes. Morbidity and Mortal- iiy Weekly Report 36(11):157-161. 1988 Condoms for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 37(9):133-137. Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study) 1986 Oral-contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 315(7):405-411. 1987a Combination oral contraceptive use and the risk of endometnal cancer. The Journal of the American Medical Association 257(6):796-~0.

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REFERENCES "10i 1987b The reduction in risk of ovarian cancer associated with oral-contraceptive use. The New England Journal of Medicine 316(1 1):650~55. Chen, L.C., M.C. Gesche, S. Ahmed, A.I. Chowdhury, and W.H. Mosley 1975 Maternal mortality in Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning 5(11):334-341. Chen, L.C., E. Huq, and S. D'Souza 1981 Sex bias in the family allocation of food and health care in rural Bangladesh. Population and Development Review 7(1):55-70. Chi, I.C., T. Agoestina, and J. Harbin 1981 Matemal mortality at twelve teaching hospitals in Indonesia—An epidemiologic analysis. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 19(4):259-266. Chow, W.H., J.R. Dating, N.S. Weiss, D.E. Moore, and R. Soderstrom 1985 Vaginal douching as a potential risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 153(7):727-729. Clark, Carol A.M. 1981 Demographic and Socioeconomic Correlates of Infant Growth in Guatemala. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, March 26-28. aeland, J.G., and S. Rutstein 1986 Contraception and birthspacing. International Family Planning Perspectives 12(3):83- 90. Cleland, J.G., and Z.A. Sathar 1984 The effect of birthspacing on childhood mortality in Pakistan. Population Studies 38(3):401- 418. Coale, A., and D.R. McNeil 1972 The distribution by age of the frequency of first marriage in a female cohort. Journal of the American Statistical Association 67:743-749. Conant, M., D. Hardy, J. Sematinger, D. Spicer, and J.A. Levy 1986 Condoms prevent transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus. The Journal of the Ameri- can Medical Association 255(13):1706. Conant, M.A., D.W. Spicer, and C.D. Smith 1984 Herpes simplex virus transmission: Condom studies. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1 1 (2):94-95. Costello, C. 1986 Maternal and Child Health in Rural Uganda: We Role of Nutntion. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Cowan, M.E., and G.E. Cree 1973 A note on the susceptibility of N. gonorrhocae to contraceptive agent Nonyl-P. British Journal of Venereal Diseases 49(1):65-66. Cramer, D.W., M.B. Goldman, I. Schiff, S. Belisle, B. Albrecht, B. Stadel, M. Gibson, E. Wilson, R. Stillman, and I. Thompson 1987 We relationship of tubal infertility to bamer method and oral contraceptive use. The Journal of the American Medical Association 257(18):244~2450. Cramer, D.W., I. Schiff, S.C. Schoenbaum, M. Gibson, S. Belisle, B. Albrecht, R.J. Stillman, M.J. Berger, E. Wilson, B.V. Stadel, and M. Seibel 1985 Tubal infertility and the intrauterine device. New England Journal of Medicine 312(15):941- 947. Daling, J.R., N.S. Weiss, B.J. Metch, W.H. Chow, R.M. Soderstrom, D.E. Moore, L.R. Spadoni, and B.V. Stadel 1985 Primary tubal infertility in relation to the use of an intrauterine device. New England Journal of Med icine 312(15) :937-941. Das Gupta, M. 1987 Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab. Population and Devel- opment Review 13(1):77-100. DaVanzo, Julie, W.P. Butz, and J.-P. Habicht 1983 How biological and behavioral influences on mortality in Malaysia vary during the first year of life. Population Studies 37(3):381-402. DaVanzo, Julie, J.-P. Habicht, and W.P. Butz 1984 Assessing socioeconomic correlates of birthweight in peninsular Malaysia: Ethnic differ- ences and changes overtime. Social Science and Medicine 18(5):387-404.

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~ 02 REFERENCES DaVanzo, Julie, and E.H. Starbird 1989 Correlates of Short Inter-Birth Intervals in Malaysia: The Roles of Breastfeeding and Contraceptive Use. Paper presented at meeting of the Population Association of A~ner- ica, Baltimore, Maryland, March. David, Henry P., ~ Dy~ych, ~ NIatejcek, and V. Schueller 1988 Born Unwanted: Developmental Effects of Denied Abortion. New York: Springer Publishing Co. Diaz, S., M. Pavez, P. Miranda, E.D.B. Johansson, and H.B. Croxano 1987 Long-tenn follow-up of women treated with Norplant0 implants. Contraception 35(6):551- 567. Dixon-Mueller, Ruth 1989 Psychosocial consequences to women of contraceptive use and controlled fertility. In A.M. Parnell (ed.), Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility: Health Issues for Women and Children. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Donaldson, P.J., and D.J. Nichols 1978 The changing tempo of fertility in Korea. Population Studies 329uly):231-249. Doyle, P., D. Morley, M. Woodland, and J. Cole 1978 Birth intervals, survival and growth In a Nigerian village. Journal of Biosocial Science 10(1 ):8 1 -94. D'Souza, S., and L.C. Chen 1980 Sex differentials in mortality in rural Bangladesh. Population and Development Review 6(2):257-270. Ebeling, K., P. Nischan, and Ch. Schindler 1987 Use of oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer in previously screened women. International Journal of Cancer 39(4):427-430. Efiong, E.I., and M.O. Banjoico 1975 The obstetric performance of Nigerian pr~nigravidae aged 16 and under. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 82(3):228-233. Erickson, J.D., and T. Bjerkedal 1978 Interpregnancy interval: Association with birth weight, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 32(2):124-130. Faundes, A., B. Fanjul, G. Henriquez, G. Mora, and C. Tognola 1974 Influencia de la edad y de la paridad sobre algunos parametros de morbilidad matema y sobre la morbimortalidad fetal. Revista Chilena de Obsietrica y Ginecologia 37(1):6-14. Fedrick, J., and P. Adelstein 1973 Influence of pregnancy spacing on outcome of pregnancy. Bri~ish Medical Journal 4:753-756. Feldblum, P.J., and J.A. Fortney 1988 Condoms, spermicides, and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: A review of the literature. American Journal of Public Health 78(1):52-54. Ferraz, E.M., R.H. Gray, P.L. Fleming, and T.M. Mana 1988 Interpregnancy interval and low birthweight: Findings from a case-control study. Ameri- can Journal of Epidemiology 128:1111-1116. Fihn, S.l)., R.H. Latham, P. Roberts, K. Running, and W.E. Stamm 1985 Association between diaphragm use and urinary tract infection. The Journal of the A~nerican Medical Association 254(2):240-245. Fischi, M.A., G.M. Dickinson, G.B. Scott, N. Kilmas, M.A. Fletcher, and W. Parks 1987 Evaluation of heterosexual partners, children, and household contacts of adults with ALDS. The Journal of the American Medical Association 257(5):640-644. Fleming, P.L., and R.H. Gray 1988a Child Growth in Relation to the Succeeding Binh Interval. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hoplcins University. 1988b Some Effects of the Preceding Birth Interval on Birth Weight and Subsequent Growth. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins Univer- sity. Forman, D., T.J. Vincent, and R. Doll 1986 Cancer of the liver and the use of oral contraceptives. Bri~ish Medical Journal 292:1357- 1361.

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REFERENCES ~ 03 Fortney, J.A., and J.E. Higgins 1984 The effect of birth intervals on perinatal survival and birth weight. Public Health 98(2):73-83. Fortney, J.A., J.E. Higgins, K.I. Kennedy, L.E. Laufe, and L Wilkens 1986 Delivery arid neonatal monality among 10,749 breeches. American Journal of Public Health 76:982-985. Lortney, J.A., I. Susanti, S. Gadalla, S. Saleh, PJ. Feldblum, and M. Potts 1985 Maternal Mortality in Indonesia and Egypt. WHO FHE/P\IM/85.9.13. WHO Inter- regional Meeting on Prevention of Matemal Monality, Geneva, 11-15 November. Foster, Andrew D., Alauddin Chowdhury, Jane Menken, and Sandra L. Huffman 1986 Age at Menarche and its Influence on Fertility. Fertility Determinants Research Note No. 10. The Population Council, New York. Foster, S.O. 1984 Immunizable and respiratory diseases and child mortality. Population and Development Review 10(Suppl.):1 19-140. Foxman, B., and R.R. Frerichs 1985 Epidemiology of urinary tract infection: Diaphragm use and sexual intercourse. Ameri can Journal of Public Health 75(1 1):1308-1313. Geronimus, A.T. 1987 On teenage childbearing and neonatal mortality in the United States. Population and Development Review 13(2):245-279. Goldacre, NI.J., J.A. Clarke, M.A. Heasman, and M.P. Vessey 1978 Followup of vasectomy using medical record linkage. American Journal of Epidemiology 108(3):176-180. Goldacre, M.J., M. Vessey, J. Clarke, and M. Heasman 1979 Record linkage study of morbidity following vasectomy. Pp. 567-569 in I.H. Lepow and R. Crazier (ads.), Vasectomy: Immunologic and Pathophysiologic Effects in Animals and Alan. New York: Academic Press. Goldman, N., S.O. Rutstein, and S. Singh 1985 Assessment of the Quality of Data in 41 WFS Surveys: A Comparative Approach. World Fertility Survey Comparative Studies No. 44. Voorburg, Netherlands: Intemational Statistical Institute. Gomez de Leon, Jose, and J.E. Potter 1989 Modelling the inverse association between breastfeeding and contraceptive use. Popula- tion Studies 43 (March/1):69-93. Gray, R.H. 1984 A case-control study of ectopic pregnancy in developed and developing countnes. Pp. 354-364 in G.I. 7>tuchni A. Goldsmith and J. J. Sciarra (eds ~ Intrauterine Contraren- ~ _ _ ~ ,, . . _ lion: Advances and Future Prospects. Philadelphia: Harper and Row. 1985 Reduced risk of pelvic inflammatory disease with injectable contraceptives. The Lance' 1:1046. Gray, R.H., and O.M. Campbell 1985 Epidemiologic trends of PID in contraceptive use. ~ G.I. Zatuchni, A. Goldsmith, and J.S. Sciarra (eds.), Intrauterine Contraception: Advances and Future Prospects. Phila- delphia: Harper and Row. . Greenwood A.M., B.M. Greenwood, A.K. Bradley, K. Williams, F.C. Shenton, S. Tulloch, P. Byass9 and F.S.J. Oldfield 1987 A prospective survey of the outcome of pregnancy in a rural area in the Gambia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 65(5):635~43. Gnmes9 D.A. 1987 Intrauterine devices and pelvicinflammatory disease: Recent developments. Contracep- tion 36~1):97-109. Gnmes9 D.A.9 A.P. Sattenhwaite9 R.W. Rochat9 and N. Akhter 1982 Deaths from contraceptive sterilization in Bangladesh: Rates, causes, and prevention. Obstetrics and Gynecology 60(5):635-640. Grossman Michael9 and Steven Jacobowitz 1981 Variations in infant mortality rates among counties of the United States: The roles of public policies and programs. Demography 18(4):695-713.

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1 04 REFERENCES Gubhaju, B. 1986 Effect of birth spacing on infant and child mortality in rural Nepal. Journal of Biosocial Science 18(4):435447. Haaga, John 1989 Mechanisms for the Association of Matemal Age, Panty, and Binh Spacing with Infant Health. ~ A.M. Pamell (ed.), Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility: Health Issues for Women and Children. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Habicht, J.-P., J. DaVanzo, W.P. Butz, and L. Meyers 1985 The contraceptive role of breastfeeding. Population Studies 39:213-232. Hansen, J.P. 1986 Older maternal age and pregnancy outcome: A review of the literature. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 41:726-742. Harris, R.W.C., L.A. Brinton, R.H. Cowdell, D.C.G. Skegg, P.G. Smith, M.P. Vessey, and R. Doll 1980 Characteristics of wanen with dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix uten. British Journal of Cancer 42(3):359-369. Harrison, K.A., and LA. Rossiter 1985 Child-bearing, health and social pnonties: A survey of 22,774 consecutive hospital births in Zana, Northem Nigeria. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Supplement 5)(92):1-119. Hart, G. 1974 Factors influencing venereal infection in a war environment. British Journal of Venereal Diseases 50(1):68-72. Hatcher, R.A., F. Guest, F. Stewart, G.K. Stewart, J. Trussell, S.C. Bowen, and W. Cates 1988 Contraceptive Technology1988-1989. New York: IrvingtonPublishers,Inc. Heartwell, S.F., and S. Schlesselman 1983 Risk of uterine perforation among users of intrauterine devices. Obstetrics and Gynecol- ogy 61(1):31-36. Henderson, B.E., S. Preston-Martin, H.A. Edmondson, R.L. Peters, and NI.C. Pike 1983 Hepatocellular carcinoma and oral contraceptives. British Journal of Cancer 48(3):437- 440. Henshaw, Stanley K. 1986 Induced abortion: A worldwide perspective. Family Planning Perspectives 18(6):250- 254. Hicks, D.R., L.S. Martin, J.P. Getchell, J.L. Heath, D.P. Francis, J.S. McDougal, J.W. Curran, and B. Voeller 1985 Inactivation of HTLV-m/LAV-infected cultures of normal human lymphocytes by Non- oxynol-9 in vitro. The Lancet 2:1422-1423. Hobcraft, J. 1987 Does Family Planning Save Children's Lives? Paper prepared for the International Conference on Better Health for Wanen and Children through Family Planning, Nairobi, October 5-9. Hobcraft, J.N., J.W. McDonald, and S.O. Rutstein 1985 Demographic determinants of infant and early child mortality: A comparative analysis. Population Stu~ies 39(3):363-385. Holly, E.A., N.S. Weiss, and J.M. Liff 1983 Cutaneous melanoma in relation to exogenous hom~ones and reproductive factors. Jour- nal of the National Cancer institute 70(5):827-831. Honda, G.D., L. Bemstein, R.K. Ross, S. Greenland, V. Gerkins, and B.E. Henderson 1988 Vasectomy, cigarette smoking, and age at first se~cual intercourse as nsk factors for prostate cancer in middle-aged men. British Journal of Cancer 57(3):326-331. Hook, E.B. 1985 Maternal age, paternal age, and human chromosome abnormality: Nature, magnitude, etiology, and mechanism of effects. Basic Life Sciences 36. Hooper, R.R., G.H. Reynolds, O.G. Jones, A. Zaidi, PJ. Wiesner, K.P. Latimer, A. Lester, A.F. Campbell, W.O. Harrison, W.W. Kamey, and K.K. Holmes 1978 Cohort study of venereal disease. I. The nsk of gonorrhea transmission from infected women to men. American Journal of Epidemiology 108(2):136-144.

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REFERENCES ~ 05 Horsburgh, C.R., Jr., J.M. Douglas, and F.M. LaForce 1987 Preventive strategies in sexually transmitted diseases for the primary care physician. The Journal of the American Medical Association 258(6):815-821. Institute of Medicine 1973 Infant Death: An Analysis by Maternal Risks and Health Care, Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. 1985 Preventing LowBirthweight. Washington,D.C.: NationalAcademy Press. Irwin, K.L., L. Rosero-Bi~by, M.W. Oberle, N.C. Lee, A.S. Whatley, J.A. Fonney, and M.G. ~ Bonhomme 1988 Oral contraceptives and cervical cancer risk in Costa Rica: Detection--bias or causal association? The Journal of the American Medical Association 259(1):59~4. Jelley, D., and RJ. Madeley 1983 Antenatal care in Maputo, Mozambique. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 37(2):111-116. Jelliffe, D.B. 1976 Maternal nutrition and lactation. In CIBA Foundation Symposium: Breastieeding and the Mother. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medical Jick, H., M.T. Hannan, A. Stergachis, F. Heidnch, D.R. Perera, and KJ. Rothman 1982 Vaginal spermicides and gonorrhea. The Journal of the American Medical Association 248(13):1619-1621. Judson, F.N., J.M. Enret, G.M. Bodin, MJ. Levin, and C.A.M. Rietmeijer In press In vitro evaluations of condoms with and without Nonoynol-9 as physical and chemical barriers against chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex anus type 2, and human immu- nodeficiency Virus. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Supplement). Kambic, R., R.H. Gray, and J.L. Simpson 1988 Outcome of Pregnancy in NFP Users. Institute forIntemational Studies in Natural Family Planning, Georgetown University. Katznelsor~, S., W.L Drew, and L Mintz 1984 Efficacy of the condom as a battier lo the transmission of cytanegalovirus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 150(1):155-157. Kelaghan, J., G.L Rubin, H.W. Ory, and P.M. Layde 1982 gamer-method contraceptives and pelvic inflammatory disease. The Journal of the American Medical Association 248(2):184-187. Khan, A.R., F.A. Jahan, and S.F. Begum 1986 Maternal modality in rural Bangladesh: The Jamalpur Distnct. Studies in Family Planning 17(1):7-12. Klebanoff, M.A. 1988 Short intelpregnancy interval and the risk of low birthweight. American Journal of Public Health 78(6):667-670. Knodel, J., and A.I. Hermalin 1984 Effects of birth rank, maternal age, birth interval, and sibship size on infant and child mortality: Evidence from 18th and 19th century reproductive histories. American Journal of Public Health 74(10):1098-1106. Koenig, M. A., V. Fauveau, A.I. Chowdhury, J. Chakraborty, and M.A. Khan 1988a MatemalmortalityinMatlab,Bangladesh:1976-85.St~esinFamilyPlanningl9(2):69- - 80. Koenig, M.A., J. Phillips, O. Campbell, and S. D'Sonza 1988b Birth Intervals and Childhood Mortality in Rural Bangladesh. Unpublished manuscript. The Population Council, New York. Kramer, M.S. 1987 Intrauterine growth and gestational age determinants. Pediatrics 80:502-511. Kronmal, R.A., E. Alderman, J.N. Krieger, T. Killip, J.W. Kennedy, and M.W. Athearn 1988 Vasectomy and urolithiasis. The Lancet 1:22-23. Kwast, Barbara E., R.W. Rochat, and W. Kidane-Mariam 1986 Matemal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Studies in Family Planning 17(6):288-301. Kwast, B.E., and J.A. Stevens 1987 Viral hepatitis as a major cause of maternal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Interna- tional Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2S(2):99-106. ~ ~ A _ AN ~ · ~

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106 REFERENCES Layde, P.M., M.P. Vessey, and D. Yeates 1982 Risk factors for gaU-bladder disease: A cohort study of young women attending family planning clinics. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 36(4):274-278. Lee, N.C., G.L. Rubin, and R. Borucki 1988 The intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease revisited: New results from the Women's Health Study. Obstetrics and Gynecology 72(1~:1~. Lee, Nancy C., Herbert B. Peterson, and Susan Y. Chu 1989 Health effects of contraception. In A.M. Pamell (ed.), Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility: lIealthIssuesfor Women and Children. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. -- Lettenmaier, C., L. Liskin, C. Church, and J. Harris 1988 Mothers' lives matter: Matemal health In the community. Population Reports Series L. No. 7. Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins University. Lindpainter, L.S., N. Jahan, A.P. Satterthwaite, and S. Zimicki 1982 Maternity-Related Mortality in Matlab Thana, Bangladesh. Unpublished manuscnpt. International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Liskin, L.S., R. Blackbum, and R. Ghani 1987 Hommonal contraception: New long-acting methods. Population Reports Series K, No. 3. Liskin, US., and W.F. Quillin 1982 Long-acting progestins: Pranise and prospects. Population Reports SenesK,No.2. London, K.A., J. Cushing, S.O. Rutste~n, J. Oeland, J.E. Anderson, L. Morris and S.H. Moore 1985 Fertility and family planning surveys: An update. Population Reports Series M, No. 8. Lunt, R. 1984 Worldwide early detection of cervical cancer. Obstetrics and Gynecology 63(5):708-713. Lynch, K.A. 1987 Maternal Mortality in the European Past. Paper prepared for the Working Group on the Health Consequences of Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility. Committee on Population, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. McAnamey, E.R. 1987 Young maternal age and adverse neonatal outccxne. American Journal of Diseases of Children 141(1):1053-1059. McDonald, P. 1984 Nuptiality and Completed Fertility: A Study of Starting, Stopping and Spacing Behavior. World Fertility Survey Comparative Studies No. 35. Voorburg, Netherlands: Intema- tional Statistical Institute. McGregor, I.A. 1984 Epidemiology, malaria and pregnancy. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 33:517-525. McGregor, I.A., M.E. Wilson, arid W.~ Billewicz 1983 Malaria infection of the placenta in The Gambia, West Africa; its incidence and relation- ship to stillbirth, birthweight and placental weight. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77(2):232-244. McNeilly, A.S. 1977 Physiology of lactation. Journal of Biosocial Science Supplement(4):5-21. McPherson, K., A. Neil, M.P. Vessey, and R. Doll 1983 Oral contraceptives and breast cancer. The Lancet 2:1414-1415. Massey, F.J., Jr., G.S. Bemstein, W.M. O'Fallon, UM. Schuman, A.H. Coulson, R. Crazier, J.S. Mandel, R.B. Benjamin, et al. 1984 Vasectany and health: Results from a large cohort study. The Journal of the American Medical Association 252(8):1023-1029. Meirik, O., E. Lund, H.-O. Adami, R. Bergstrom, T. Christofferson, P. Bergsjo 1986 Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women. The Lancet 2:650-654. Merchant K., and R. Martorell 1988 Frequent reproductive cycling: Does it lead to nutritional depletion of mothers? Progress in Food and Nutrition 12:339-369. Mhango C., R. Rochat, and A. Arkutu 1986 Reproductive mortality in Lusaka, Zambia, 1982-1983. Studies In Family Planning 17(5):243-256.

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Representative terms from entire chapter:

american journal