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OCR for page 113
Glossary
Term Definition
Alternative jet fuels Combustible liquid fuels made from nonpetroleum sources
that have the same performance characteristics in aircraft as
today's commercial and military jet fuels.
ASTM International Formerly known as the American Society for Testing and
Materials, this organization is a globally recognized leader
in the development and delivery of international voluntary
consensus standards. More information at www.astm.org.
ASTM D1655 Standard specification for aviation turbine fuels according
to ASTM International.
ASTM D7566 Standard specification for aviation turbine fuel containing
synthesized hydrocarbons according to ASTM Interna-
tional. This was the first specification for alternative jet fuels
approved by ASTM.
Air Transport Association (ATA) The oldest and largest airline trade association in the United
States. More information at www.airlines.org.
Bio-SPK Synthetic paraffinic kerosene produced from bio-derived
feedstocks.
Biomass Any material produced by living or recently living organ-
isms such as wood, leaves, seeds, and algae.
Catalytic to jet (CTJ) Process that uses nonbiological agents that produce alcohols
that can then be processed into alternative jet fuel.
Commercial Aviation A coalition of airlines, aircraft and engine manufacturers,
Alternative Fuels Initiative energy producers, researchers, international participants,
and U.S. government agencies working to enhance energy
security and environmental sustainability for aviation
through alternative jet fuels. More information at
www.caafi.org.
European Union Emissions A cap-and-trade program to limit the total amount of
Trading System certain greenhouse gases that can be emitted by different
sources, including aircraft. More information at
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htm.
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OCR for page 114
Glossary 115
Term Definition
Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process A series of chemical reactions used to transform a carbon-
rich feedstock, such as coal, natural gas, or biomass, into a
hydrocarbon fuel such as jet fuel.
Fermentation to jet (FTJ) Process that uses biological organisms that turn feedstocks
directly into finished products such as alternative jet fuel.
Greenhouse gases Gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat in the atmo-
sphere. The primary greenhouse gases are water vapor,
CO2, methane (CH4), NOx, and ozone (O3).
Hydroprocessed esters and Alternative fuel made from plant oils or animal fats through
fatty acids (HEFA) a series of chemical reactions, including hydroprocessing.
Life-cycle analysis (LCA) An analysis technique for assessing environmental impacts
associated with all the stages of a product's life. Life-cycle
analysis as it applies to aviation fuel consists of estimating
the amounts of various substances produced (or consumed)
during the complete process of obtaining and using the fuel.
Life-cycle carbon footprint Estimated carbon released in the life cycle (i.e., extraction of
raw materials, processing, combustion, disposal) of a given
material such as jet fuel.
Pyrolysis oil to jet (PTJ) Process that converts cellulosic feedstocks into a bio-crude
that can be used to produce alternative jet fuel.
Renewable Fuel Standards Standards created under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and
expanded under the Energy Independent and Security Act
of 2007. These standards establish renewable fuel volume
mandates in the United States. More information at
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/index.htm.
Renewable Identification A central component of the RFS program representing units
Number of renewable fuel that can be used for credits, trading, and
demonstrate compliance with renewable fuel mandates.
