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ACRP Report 60: Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting (2012)
Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)

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Johnson, Michael, Schenk, Donald, Miller, Bruno, Altman, Richard, Brand, Meghan, McDonald, Alan, Thompson, Terry, Driver, Judith, Leistritz, Larry, Leholm, Arlen, Hodur, Nancy, Plavin, David, Glassman, Diana, Anumakonda, Amar, Transportation Research Board. "6.5 Production Technologies for Alternative Jet Fuels." ACRP Report 60: Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012.

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Page
64
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Page
64
Front Matter (R1-R9)
Purpose of the Handbook (1-1)
How to Use This Handbook (2-3)
1.2 What Is Driving the Interest in Alternative Jet Fuels? (4-5)
1.4 What Roles Can Airports Play in Alternative Fuel Projects? (6-6)
1.6 Resources for Further Information (7-7)
2.1 Safety and Drop-in Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels (8-8)
2.2 Feedstocks for Producing Alternative Jet Fuels (9-14)
2.3 Technologies for Producing Alternative Jet Fuels (15-18)
2.4 Environmental Benefits of Alternative Jet Fuels (19-20)
2.5 Economic Benefits of Alternative Jet Fuels (21-21)
2.6.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (22-22)
2.6.3 Domestic and International Policies Related to Greenhouse Gas Reductions (23-23)
2.6.5 Federal Rules for Purchase of Alternative Fuels (24-24)
3.2 Alternative Jet Fuel Projects Evaluation Framework (25-25)
3.3 Stakeholder Analysis (26-26)
3.4 Initial Screening of Options (27-28)
3.5 Comparative Evaluation of Screened Options (29-29)
3.5.1 Regulatory (30-36)
3.5.2 Environmental (37-38)
3.5.3 Logistical (39-40)
3.5.4 Financial (41-42)
3.6 Suggested Next Steps (43-43)
4.1 What Are Some of the Potential Community Concerns About Alternative Jet Fuel? (44-44)
4.2 What Are Some Potential Concerns Regarding Production of Alternative Jet Fuel? (45-46)
4.3 What Are Some of the Potential Concerns Around the Storage, Handling, and Use of Alternative Jet Fuel? (47-47)
5.1 Supporting Material to Evaluate Potential Environmental Benefits of Alternative Jet Fuels (48-48)
5.2.1 Worksheet 1: Stakeholder Analysis (49-49)
5.2.2 Worksheet 2: Regulatory Considerations (50-52)
5.2.3 Worksheet 3: Energy Policy Considerations (53-55)
5.2.4 Worksheet 4: Logistical Considerations (56-56)
5.2.5 Worksheet 5: Financial Considerations (57-57)
5.2.6 Worksheet 6: Evaluation Summary (58-59)
6.3 Certification (60-61)
6.4 Feedstocks for Alternative Jet Fuels (62-63)
6.5 Production Technologies for Alternative Jet Fuels (64-64)
6.6 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Benefits (65-65)
6.8 Possible Economic Benefits of Regulation (66-66)
6.10 Regulatory Considerations (67-67)
6.11 Publicly Announced Alternative Jet Fuel Projects (68-68)
Appendices: Primer on Alternative Jet Fuels (69-69)
Appendix A - Introduction (70-70)
Appendix B - Certification and Drop-In Capability of Alternative Jet Fuels (71-72)
Appendix C - Feedstocks for Producing Alternative Jet Fuels (73-82)
Appendix D - Production Technologies for Alternative Jet Fuels (83-86)
Appendix E - Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Benefits (87-90)
Appendix F - Economic Benefits (91-92)
Appendix G - Possible Economic Implications of Regulation (93-95)
Appendix H - Financial Considerations (96-98)
Appendix I - Regulatory Considerations (99-109)
Appendix J - Transportation and Logistics of Alternative Fuels (110-110)
Appendix K - Publicly Announced Aviation Alternative Fuel Projects (111-112)
Glossary (113-114)
Acronyms and Abbreviations (115-117)
References (118-126)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (127-127)

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64 Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service. Miscanthus for Biofuel Production. 2010. Avail- able at http://www.extension.org/pages/Miscanthus_for_Biofuel_Production. U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service. Oilseed Crops for Biodiesel Production. 2010. Avail- able at http://www.extension.org/pages/Oilseed_Crops_for_Biodiesel_Production#Rapeseed_and_Canola. U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service. Rapeseed and Canola for Biodiesel Production. 2010. Available at http://www.extension.org/pages/Rapeseed_and_Canola_for_Biodiesel_Production. U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service. Switchgrass for Biofuel Production. 2010. Avail- able at http://www.extension.org/pages/Switchgrass_for_Biofuel_Production. U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service. Waste Oil and Grease for Biodiesel Production. 2010. Available at http://www.extension.org/pages/Used_and_Waste_Oil_and_Grease_for_Biodiesel. U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency. Biomass Crop Assistance Program Fact Sheet. 2010. Available at http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_File/bcapoctrules.pdf. U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Business-Cooperative Service. Biorefinery Assistance Guaranteed Loans. 7 CFR Parts 4279, 4287 and 4288. 2010. Available at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/9003%20 ProposedRule%2004-16-2010.pdf. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Iowa Rural Development. Business and Cooperative Programs. 2010. Available at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/ia/rbs.html. U.S. Department of Agriculture. "Agricultural Contracting Update: Contracts in 2008." Economic Information Bulletin No. 72. 2011. Available at http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/101279. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Crop and Livestock Insurance. 2010. Available at http://www.apfo.usda.gov/ FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=prsu&topic=landing. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Rural Business Enterprise Grants (RBEG) Program. 2010. Available at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/rbeg.htm. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Value-Added Producer Grants (VAPG). 2010. Available at http://www. rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/coops/vadg.htm. U.S. Department of Agriculture. "World Agriculture Supply and Demand Estimates." 2011. Available at http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/latest.pdf. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. National Algal Biofuels Technol- ogy Roadmap. 2010. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/algal_biofuels_roadmap.pdf. U.S. Department of Energy. Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center--Biodiesel. 2010. Available at http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/biodiesel.html. U.S. Department of Energy. "Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply." 2005. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/ pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.pdf. U.S. Department of Energy. Roadmap for Agricultural Biomass Feedstock Supply in the United States. 2003. Available at http://www.inl.gov/technicalpublications/Documents/3323197.pdf. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Delivery and Storage of Natural Gas. 2010. Available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=natural_gas_delivery. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. "U.S. EPA Waste Management Perspective: The Need for Integrated Materials Management" 2007. Available at http://www.frederickcountymd.gov/ documents/Board%20of%20County%20Commissioners/Solid%20Waste%20Forum%202007/Rick%20Br andes%20EPA%20Presentation.pdf. USDA. Price Support. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2010. Available at http://www.apfo.usda.gov/FSA/ webapp?area=home&subject=prsu&topic=landing. Verrengia, J. Algae-to-Fuel Research Enjoys Resurgence at NREL. 2009. Available at http://www.nrel.gov/ features/20090403_algae.html. Vidal, J. "One Quarter of U.S. Grain Crops Fed to Cars--Not People, New Figures Show." The Guardian, Janu- ary 22, 2010. Williams, R. B. "Biofuels from Municipal Wastes--Background Discussion Paper." University of California at Davis, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 2007. Available at http://biomass.ucdavis.edu/ materials/reports%20and%20publications/2007/2007_Annual_Forum_Background_Paper.pdf. Wiltsee, G. Urban Waste Grease Resource Assessment. NREL/SR-570-26141. U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1998. Available at http://www.epa.gov/region9/waste/biodiesel/docs/ NRELwaste-grease-assessment.pdf. 6.5 Production Technologies for Alternative Jet Fuels Altman, R. "Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuel for Carbon Neutral Growth `Taking Off'!" In Eco Aviation Conference, Air Transport World, Washington, D.C., 2010.