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Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise: Status, Trends, and Issues (1989)
Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR)

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HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS 2-53

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Higher Education Enrollments: By Institution Type Total higher-education enrollments rose from 3 million in 1958 to 12.5 million in 198S, with most of the increase occurring by the mid-1970s, primarily in comprehensive and 2-year institutions. Enrollments increased less steeply at doctoral institutions, from 1.3 in 1958 to 3.5 million in 198S, yet have been generally level since the mid-1970s. Figure 2~78: Enrollment In Academic Institutlons by Institutlon Type and Governance Millions 14 12 0 6 ems arm 12 Allllillilil 111111111111111111 10 R 6 4 2 14 1 007a o ~'v.~'v,''~1~v~'r~ - ever ~'-'r''1,, Ivy ,~ o 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 Doctoral Private ~ Doctoral Public Comprehensive [IIII] 2-Year NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. Figure 2-79: Dlatrlb~dlon of Enrollment In Academic InstIt~nlons by Type and Governance ': loon El070 Inn So% 60 40 20 0% //////// 0% 958 ~ 963 ~ 968 ~ 973 ~ 97lS ~ 91!13 ~ 98dS =3 Doctoral Private ~ Doctoral Public ~ Comprehensive 1lml 2-Year DEFINITION OF TERMS: Higher-education enrollments include all full-time students plus a full-time equivalent of part-time students as reported by the institutions. Private Doctoral institutions are higher education institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades, and are under the control offer affiliated with--non-profit, independent organizations with or without religious affiliation; they include 69 institutions. Public Doctoral institutions are higher education institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades, and are under the control of--or affiliated with--federal, state, local, state and local, or state-related agencies; they include 116 institutions. Comprehensive institutions are those that grant at least half of their degrees for courses of study that normally require 4 or more years to complete; they include 854 private and 370 public institutions. Two-Year institutions are those that primarily award 2-year associate or technician degrees; they include 486 private and 902 public institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education. 2-54

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Doctoral Institution Enrollments: Undergraduate and Graduate During the 1960s and 1970s, graduate education assumed a greater role within doctoral institutions. Graduate enrollments, as a share of total enrollments, rose from 20 percent in 1958 to 30 percent by 1976, remaining steady during the 1980s. Figure 2-80: Undergraduate and Graduate Enrollments in Doctoral Institutions Ant 00% 40X: 20X: 1 958 1 963 1 968 1 973 ~3 Undergroduate ~ Graduate 1978 1983 1988 ox ~ Figure 2~81: Distrlbutlon of Undergraduate and Graduate Enrollments In Doctoral Institutions HA a/ _ 0 1958 1963 19B8 1973 197B 1983 1988 1~3 Undergraduate 3 Graduate DEFINITION OF TERMS: Undergraduate enrollments include all full-time students who are working toward a bachelors or associate degree, or a technician certificate, plus a full-time equivalent of part-time students as reported by institutions; excluded are students of unclassified enrollment status. Graduate enrollments include all full-time students (plus a full-time- equivalent of part-time students) who hold the bachelors or equivalent degree, and are working toward an advanced degree, including a first professional degree. Doctoral institutions are higher education institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades; they include 69 private institutions and 116 public institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Surrey (HEGIS): Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education. 2-55

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Doctoral Institution Average-EnrolIments Between 1958 and 1988, average enrollments in public doctoral institutions grew to more than twice that of private doctoral institutions. Figure 2~82: Average Annual Enrollments In Private and Public Doctoral Institutlons 25 20 15 10 is o Thousands . , , , , I , . 25 . ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' 20 15 10 O 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 Publ tic ~ -- P rivate DEFINITION OF TERMS: Doctoral institution enrollments include all full-time students plus a full-time equivalent of part-time students as reported by doctoral institutions. Public doctoral institutions are institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering aver the past two decades, and are under the control of-or affiliated with--federal, state, local, state and local, or state-related agencies; they include 116 institutions. Private doctoral institutions are institutions (1) that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades and (2) are under the control of-or affiliated with-non-profit, independent organizations with or without religious affiliation; they include 69 institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education. 2-56

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Higher Education Enrollments: Percent Female Women now comprise over half of all higher-education enrollments. For doctoral institutions, the female share of enrollments grew from 32 percent in 1958 to nearly 50 percent in 1988. In comprehensive and 2-year institutions, the female share of enrollments grew from around 40 percent in 1958 to 55 percent in 1988. Figure 2-83: Percents of Females Enrolled in Institutions of Higher Education 6070 50% 40 3070 20% 10% ~ 070 ,, 1 , 1958 Percent - - ~0% t988 1963 1968 1973 ---- Two-Year 6070 50% 40% 3070 20% 10% 1978 1 983 ~ Comprehensive Doctoral DEFINITION OF TERMS: Higher education enrollments include all full-time students plus a full-time equivalent of part-time students as reported by institutions. Tw>Year institutions award primarily 2-year associate or technician degrees; they include 902 public and 486 private institutions. Comprehensive institutions are those that grant at least half of their degrees for courses of study that normally require 4 or more years to complete; they include 370 public and 854 private institutions. Doctoral institutions are institutions that granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades; they include 116 public and 69 private institutions. , ~ , SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education. 2-57

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Representative terms from entire chapter:

enrollments include