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INDEX
Abstinence
biological markers and, 155
and cognitive function, 275 - 276
from concomitant substance use, 258
group meeting attendance and, 186
and hypertension, 319
and organ damage, 267, 281
and sleep, 274
and treatment efficacy, 232
as treatment goal, 13, 61, 65,
218 - 220, 223
Abstinence syndrome, 169
Acetaldehyde, 40, 221
Active treatment, 169, 170
Acupuncture, 189
Addiction Research Foundation of
Ontario, 173
Addiction Severity Index (ASI), 150, 152
Adenylate cyclase, 156
Adolescents
automobile accidents, 88
circumvention of minimum purchase
age, 91
community prevention research, 109
identification of risk in, 47, 53
peer groups and, 55
pregnancy, 3, 8, 40, 11~120
primary prevention and, 121, 123
public information campaigns and,
84
smoking prevention research,
118-119
suicide, 78
television and, 87
treatment, evaluation of, 187
treatment matching, 237
treatment research needs, 299 300
verbal reporting, 154
Adult children of alcoholics. See Children
of alcoholics
Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA),
179
Advertising
alcohol industry spending on, 27, 85
in cancer prevention, 117 - 118
-325
influences on drinking behavior, 6,
82, 85 - 86
treatment recruitment, 10, 143, 162
Aerobic exercise, 183
Aftercare. See Relapse prevention
Age
alcohol price and consumption by,
77, 81
and cognitive function recovery, 276
Agent. See Alcohol
Age-graded influences, 48
Aggregate-level descriptive studies,
161 - 162
Aggressive behavior, 4, 52, 54
AIDS research, 39, 313, 316
Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT),
155 - 156
AlAnon, 179, 181 - 182, 194
Alaproclate, 173
AlaTeen, 181 - 182
Alcohol. See also Alcohol dependence;
Alcohol-related problems; Alcohol
use
administration in therapies, 176, 274
alternatives to, 117, 254
carbimide reactions, 172
cardiovascular effects, 278 - 279
disulfiram reactions, 171
effects on sleep, 273 - 275
emotional effects, 60
ingestion, testing for, 33
metabolism of, 33, 34, 40, 155
neuromuscular effects, 35
physiological and behavioral effects,
31 - 32
in public health model, 2, 24 - 25, 27
withdrawal, 169, 253 - 254, 268 - 275
Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health
Administration (ADAMHA), 309, 313,
316, 317, 319
Alcohol Clinical Index, 222
Alcohol dependence. See also Alcoholics;
Alcohol use
as clinical entity, 24, 131, 222
comorbidity with drug use, 14, 144,
158
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conceptualization, vi, 10, 149
genetic determinants of, 66
intensity of treatment, 189
labeling, 223
moderation as treatment goal, 61
nicotine dependence comorbidity,
260
prevalence of, 144
progression of, 61
public perceptions of, 141
risk for, 145
severity, classification of, 15~151
severity of, 13, 234, 235, 241, 269
social learning of, 58
subtypes, 152
treatment effectiveness, 198
Alcohol Dependence Scale, 152
Alcohol expectancy questionnaire, 63, 152
Alcoholic amnestic disorder, 275
Alcoholic beverage control (ABC)
commissions, 75, 76, 90
Alcoholic beverage industry
advertising, 27, 85
health promotion and, 117
Alcoholic dementia, 275
Alcoholics. See also Alcohol dependence;
Children of alcoholics
concomitant depression, 177, 178
denial of problems, 252
health care costs, 292 - 293
reinforcement and, 60 61
spouses of, 181
subpopulations of, 189
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 9 - 10, 142,
143, 191, 247
adolescent treatment, 300
attribution for change, 249
effectiveness of, 196, 197
meeting attendance, 186, 194, 239,
240
relapse prevention, 184
research on, 178 - 179
treatment, evaluation of, 187
treatment effects, 158, 159, 186
Alcoholism. See Alcohol dependence
Alcoholism, Alcohol Abuse and Related
Problems: Opportunities for Research
(IOM), vi
Alcohol and Public Policy: Beyond the
Shadow of Prohibition (NRC), vii,
20, 24
Alcohol-related cues, 258
Alcohol-related disorders, 235
Alcohol-related problems
in assessment, 151
conceptualization, 10, 149, 223
continuum model of, vi, 1 - 2, 10, 23
diversity of, 144
epidemiology, 2 - 3, 31, 44
implications of public health
research, 121 - 123
in primary care, 224
progression of, 222
public health model of, 2, 24 - 27
secondary prevention of, 215
Alcohol use
attitudes about, 247
biological markers of, 153, 155 - 157
and blood pressure, 278 - 279
community prevention research,
10~110
concomitant drug use, 235, 238, 258
consumption rates
advertising and, 85
availability and, 6, 75,
76 - 77, 128
context and setting
effects, 6, 91, 92
minimum purchase age
and, 6, 78 - 80
prices and, 6, 76, 77 - 78,
81, 129, 13~131
zoning and conditional-
use permits and, 80
costs of, 23
cultural drinking behavior, 60, 92,
129
health consequences, 15, 267
historical patterns, 128
identification of at-risk individuals,
47
mortality, vi, 1, 23
periodic problem drinking, 53
severity of, 13, 234
smoking and, 247 - 248
in smoking prevention studies, 119
social learning of, 58 - 59
testing for, 11, 155-7
Alcohol Use Inventory, 152
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, 268
Alzheimer's disease, 278
American Hospital Association Annual
Survey, 161
American Medical Association, 176
-326
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American Psychiatric Association, 10,
150, 235, 247
Amethystic agents, 267
Angiotensin converting enzyme
antagonists, 279
Antabuse. See Disulfiram therapy
Antidepressant medication, 173, 174, 197,
25~260
Antidipsotropic medication, 17~172, 239
Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986), 315, 320
Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1988), 41
Antipsychotic medication, 174, 259
Antisocial behavior, 4, 52, 54
Antisocial personality disorder
comorbidity with alcoholism, 144
and treatment, 13, 234, 235, 241,
257
Anxiety, 170, 183
effect of alcohol on, 36
Anxiolytics, 259
Apneic aversion therapy, 175
Apoliprotein A-I and A-II, 156
Aspartate aminotransferase (SOOT),
155 - 156
Assertiveness training, 183
Assessment technology, 15~158
Attention-span deficit, 54
Attribution for change, 249
Australia, 89, 115
Automobile accidents
alcohol and, 3, 23, 31, 33, 35, 78
alcohol prices and, 77
blood alcohol level in, 8%
drunk driving laws and, 6, 89, 90
epidemiology, 34
minimum purchase age and, 79
risk for, 88
seat belt use and, 116
Autopsy, 33
Autoregression, 129
Aversion therapies, 11 - 12, 175? 191, 253
Baltimore, 120
Bars, 26, 92
Bartenders, 131
Beer consumption
advertising and, 85
decline in, 145
pitcher sales and, 91
price and, 77
purchase age and, 78, 7~80
Behavioral development, 48
Behavioral risk factors, 49, 215
Behavioral self-control training, 18~181,
215
effectiveness of, 11 - 12, lg6
and moderation outcome goals, 219
Behavioral therapy, 253
Behavior change
attribution for, 249
education and, 120
legislation and, 116
motivation for, 12, 63 64, 65,
193 - 195, 235, 251 - 252
readiness to, 5, 63 64, 65, 235, 248
smoking cessation, 253, 261
stages of, 248
Behavior change theory, 123
Benzodiazepines, 259, 268, 270, 271, 272
Beta blockers, 268, 279
Biochemical imbalances, 57
Biochemical tests, 221
Biofeedback-assisted relaxation training,
183
Biological markers, 11, 66, 153, 155 - 157,
221 - 222
Biological vulnerabilities, 57, 149
Biomedical research, 8, 132
Bipolar affective disorder, 174
Birth defects, maternal drinking and, 40
Bisexuals, 39
Blacks
cancer in, 117
hypertension in, 278-279
smoking rate, 255
Blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), 221
in automobile accidents, 88
biological markers of, 11, 155
in falls, 35 - 36
self-monitoring of, 62
and sleep, 273
Blood-gas exchange, 36
Blood pressure, 111, 115j 278 - 279
Bone, 282
Border effects, 79
Boston City Hospital, 218
Breath analysis, 11, 89, 159
Broadening the Base of Trea~n`ent rim.
Alcohol Problems (IOM), vii
"Cafeteria" matching strategy, 13 - 14, 232,
233, 242
CAGE questions, 221
Calcium carbimide, 172
Calcium channel blockers, 267, 26S, 279
California, 76
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alcohol zoning in, 80
community prevention research, 82,
110, 112
Cancer, 23
heavy drinking and, 2%2
mortality, blacks, 255
prevention studies, 8, 117 - 118, 133
research, 316
treatment, 196
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, 156
Carbon disulfide breath analysis, 159
Carbon monoxide, 37
testing, 114, 118
Cardiac arrhythmias, 278, 279 - 280, 316
Cardiomyopathy, 278, 282
Cardiovascular collapse, 36
Cardiovascular disease
community prevention studies, 7, 27,
111 - 115, 133
mortality, blacks, 255
smoking and, 118
Cardiovascular effects, 278 - 280
Ca rove ri n e, 268
Carrier Foundation, 186
Case finding, 221
Causes and Consequences of Alcohol
Problems (IOM), vi, 1, 5, 20, 24, 47,
66, 267, 275, 282
Centers for Disease Control, 310
Central nervous system, 54, 267, 272,
275 - 278
Cesium fluoride, 156
Chemical aversion therapy, 175, 191
Child-abuse, alcohol and, 3, 38
Childhood factors, 53
Children of alcoholics, 145
coping skills training, 64
family dynamics and, 54 - 55
risk for, 5, 66
therapy groups, 181 - 182
treatment matching, 146, 237
Chlordiaz.epoxide, 170, 270, 274
Cholesterol levels, 111, 115
Chromosomal markers, 5, 66
Citalopram, 173
Clinical decision making, 233
Clinical examinations, 150
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment
for Alcohol (CIWA-A), 269
Clinical trials
difficulties of, 291, 314
early intervention, 221
multicenter, 160, 162
Clinical Trials Cooperative Groups, 316
Clonidine, 252, 268
Cocaine
craving, 258, 259
dependence, 259, 260, 272
dependence treatment, 256, 319, 320
Cocaine-alcohol dependency, 235, 238
Codependence, 145, 146
Cognitive-behavioral mediators, 65
Cognitive-behavioral processes, 57
Cognitive-behavioral therapy, 177, 184
Cognitive impairment, 15, 178, 267,
275 - 277
Cognitive restructuring, 5, 62~3, 177,
183, 277 - 278
Cognitive variables, 248-249
Cohort effects, 48, 55 - 56
College prevention programs, 129
Communication-behavior change model,
112
Communication-persuasion model, 112
Community
change, 114
initiatives, 311
mental health centers, 143
reinforcement, 183, 197
as risk factor, 49, 50
Community Mental Health Centers Act,
141
Community organization model, 112, 113
Community-wide prevention, 7 - 8, 64, 130
alcohol, 10~110, 128
cardiovascular disease, 7, 27,
111 - 115
cost of data collection, 133
implications from other public
health fields, 121 - 123
~JIAAA and, 309
CompCare, 185
Compliance, 12, 193 - 194
with disulfiram therapy, 159, 171
Composite International Diagnostic
Intelview, Substance Abuse Module
(CID I-SAM), 1 50
Comprehensive Drinker Profile, lS0
Computerized assessments, 154, 157
Computer modeling, 129, 132, 133 - 134
Conditioned response, 58, 6(}61, 257 - 258
counterconditioning, 175
Condoms, 39
Confounding variables, 161
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Confrontational therapy, 177, 181 - 182,
194
Conjoint therapy, 11 - 12, 181 - 182
Connecticut, University of, 313
Constructive confrontation, 194
Contamination, 130
Contemplation phase, 63
Contraceptive use, 120
Controlled trials
importance of, 169, 198
intensity and duration of treatment,
12, 88
treatment evaluation, 187
in treatment matching studies, 232
Cooperative agreements, 316, 317,
318 - 319
Coping skills, 5
deficits in, 58, 250
training, 6102, 63, 65
Coronary artery disease, 278
Cost containment, 296
Cost-effectiveness
Alcoholics Anonymous, 179
prevention, 9, 134
treatment, 16, 188, 289, 294 - 295
Cost offset effect, 15 - 16, 292 - 296, 299
Counterconditioning, 175
Counties, 76
Couples therapy, 12, 181-2
Court conviction rates, drunk-driving
laws, 88 - 89
Covariance analysis, 161
Covert sensitization, 176 - 177, 191, 258
Craving, 14D, 152
antidipsotropics and, 172
cognitive, 58
drug, 257 - 258, 259
Criminal behavior, 38, 52
Criminal justice programs, 142
Critical conditions, 191
Cross-cultural research, 151
Cue exposure, 184, 185
Cultural change, 64
Data collection
automation of, 157 - 158
cost of, 133
longitudinal, 56
Death. See Mortality
Deglycosylated transferrin, 156
Delirium tremens, treatment of, 271, 272
Demography, 10, 143 - 144
Denial, 252
Depression, 170
comorbidity with alcoholism, 144,
174, 177, 178
in drug dependence, 250260
effect of alcohol on, 36
and smoking cessation, 250
Desialotransferrin, 156
Desipramine, 259, 260
Detection, 221
Detoxification, 169, 236
cocaine, 256
and sleep, 274
Developmental epidemiology, 27, 51
Dexamethasone, 272
Diagnosis, 15~151
Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), 150,
152
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM-III), 1~11,
150, 151
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, revised (DSM-III
R), 150, 151, 235, 247
Diary procedures, 155
Diazepam, 268, 270, 272
Diet, 8, 117, 123, 275
Differential assessment, 11, 151 - 153
Diffusion theory, 112
Diphenylhydantoin, 27~271
Distilled spirits
consumption, advertising and, 85
consumption, price and, 77
decline in consumption of, 145
Disulfiram therapy, 143, 158, 17~172,
239, 316
compliance with, 159, 171
--I-, 7
Diuretics, 279
Doxepin, 259
Dram shop laws. See Server liability
Driving-while-intoxicated (DWI)
behavioral self-control training and,
18~181
deaths from accidents, 23, 34, 78
drinking context and, 26, 93
education programs, 10, 84, 142
legal environment, 6, 87~0, 129
public interest groups on, 145
treatment programs, 194
and vehicular injuries, 34, 35
Drowning, 3, 31, 36
Drug use
alcohol use and, 88
-329
OCR for page 330
community prevention research, 109,
119
comorbidity with alcoholism, 14,
144, 258
conditioned responses, 257 - 258
during pregnancy, 40
placebo therapy, 217
school-based prevention programs,
27
psychopathology and, 174
psychopharmacological treatments,
25~260
psychotherapy, 256 - 257
and sexual activity, 39
treatment effectiveness, 300
verbal reporting, 154
withdrawal, 174
Drug-use stress, 57
Early identification, 13, 215, 221
Ecological fallacy, 131
Economic environment, 24, 90, 131
Economic Opportunity Act, 141
Edgehill Newport, 186
Educational intervention, 11 - 12, 178
pretesting of, 113
Effect-altering medications, 170, 173 - 174
Electrical aversion therapy, 175
Emetic drugs, 175
Emotions, 54, 58
Empathy, 192
Employee assistance programs, 10, 16,
194 - 195, 215, 224
and cost research, 297, 298
Encainide, 279
Endocrine organs, 282
Environment, 20
change in, 114
context and setting, 91~3
controls on alcohol availability,
75 - 80
individual interactions with, 6 - 7, 23,
26, 57
influences on drinking behavior,
81~3
legal, 24, 87 - 91, 122, 123, 310
and moderate drinking, 24
normative, 82 - 87
in public health model, 2, 24 - 25
risk factors in, 50
treatment and, 149
Epidemiological catchment area studies,
144, 162, 298
Epidemiology
adolescent pregnancy, 40
alcohol-related problems, 2 - 3, 31,
144
child abuse, 38 - 39
crime, 38
developmental, 27, 51
fetal alcohol syndrome, 4(}41
injuries, 31 - 37
sexually transmitted diseases, 3~40
suicide, 38
Esophagus, 282
Ethanol. See Alcohol
Ethnic groups, 52, 60 61
Ethnographic methods, 128
Etiology, 151
genetic factors, 49
methodology and, 32
preventive trials and, 25
prospective research opportunities,
55 - 56
Expectancies, learned, 5, 60, 62~3, 152
Experimental designs, methodology, 159,
160
Extinction procedures, 258
Falls, 3, 23, 31, 35, 36
Family
genetic studies, 66
history of alcoholism, 5, 234, 235,
241
as risk factor, 49, 50, 54 - 55
and social learning, 58
and treatment, 1(), 144, 234, 235
Family therapy, 12, 181 - 182, 197,
24(}241
Federal employees alcohol program, 142
Feedback designs, 233, 242
Females
alcohol-related problems in, 144
fire death risks, 37
inhibition of risk in, 55
pregnant, interventions with, 13, 142,
217 - 218
in prospective research, 52
in public information campaigns, 84
remission of problem drinking in, 53
and smoking cessation, 255
television and, X?
treatment matching, 237, 238
Fermentation, 34
Fetal alcohol effects, 3, 13, 41, 217 - 218
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 3, 13,
-330
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217 - 218
epidemiology, 4~41
Field research, 8, 128, 13~131
Finland, llS
Fire and burns, 3, 31, 37
Fluoxetine, 173
Fluvoxamine, 173, 275
Follow-up studies, 55
Food labeling, 115
Formative evaluation, 7, 9, 113, 121
Formative research, 83 - 84, 113 - 114, 130,
133
Formula grants, 141, 142
France, Centers of Nutritional Hygiene,
216
Funding
,= ,
and evaluation of research, 132
and longitudinal data bases, 56
prevention research, 16 - 17, 309
treatment research, 17 - 18, 141 - 142,
146, 290, 313 - 320
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT),
155 - 156, 216, 221
Gender differences, 56, 81. See also
Females; Males
Genetic determinants
in aversion therapy, 176
of maternal alcohol metabolism, 40,
41
of risk for alcohol problems, 5, 47,
49, 66, 222
Great Britain, 89
Group psychotherapy, 177, 194, 239, 257
Hallucinosis, 272
Ha lo perido l , 272
Happy hours, 77, 129, 131
Hazelden treatment model, 185
Head Start, 255
Health care
cost offset of treatment, 15 - 16,
292 - 296, 299
costs, 15
Health Care Financing Administration,
316
Health care professionals, 13, 224
Health consciousness, 59, 145
Health insurance
and adolescent care, 300
cost offsets and, 292
costs, 296 - 299
industry, 236, 315, 319
policy analysis, 290
reimbursement policy, 9, 142, 188,
224, 236, 240, 297
and smoking Cessation, 255
Health maintenance organizations
(HMO), 143, 215, 294, 298, 299
Heart, 282
Heavy drinkers, vi, 23
and alcohol-related problems, 144
biological markers and, 221
brief interventions and, 216
cardiovascular risks, 278
differentiation of, 131
and expectancies, 60
health risks, 282
interventions for, 145
liver effects, 280 - 281
self-monitoring training, 62
stroke risk, 279
treatment recruitment, 223
Hematopoietic system, 282
Hemoglobin acetaldahyde adduct (Al
factor, 156
Hepatic cirrhosis, 156, 28~281
mortality, 15, 267
as surrogate measure of drinking, 77
Hepatitis, 155, 156, 280-281
Heroin addicts, 181
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDLC), 156
High-fiber cereals, 117, 118
Hispanics, 144, 238
Historical analysis, 128
HIV infection, 3~40
Homeless persons, 10, 144, 237; 270
Homicide, alcohol and, 38
Homosexuals, 39
Hospitalization, 154, 181, 188 - 189, 239
Host. See Individual
Hughes Act (1971), 141
Hyperactive behavior, 4, 52, 54
Hypercapnia, 267
Hypertension, 278 - 279, 319
Hypothermia, 36
Hypoxia, 280
Ibuprofen, 267
Illinois, 79
Immunological tests, 221
Implementation analysis, 113
Impulsiveness, 54
Incentives, 117
Income, 90
Indalpine, 173
-331
OCR for page 332
Indiana, 109
Indicated interventions 2, 26, 53
treatment as, 140
Individual
behavior change, 114, 120, 123, 131
consumption history, 131
development of, 47, 55, 132
environmental interaction, 3 - 5, 26,
47,50,57,75
in public health model, 2, 24 - 25
risk factors in, 49
Individual therapy, 159, 177, 239,
24~241, 257
. , . .
injuries
epidemiology of, 3, 31 - 37
falls, 23, 31
methodological problems in
studying, 32 - 34
vehicular, 34, 35, 88
Inoculation, social, 84, 132
Inpatient treatment, - 10, 142, 143, 170
costs, 291
Insight-oriented therapy, 177
Insomnia, 273 - 275
Institute of Medicine (IOM), vi, vii, 1,
24, 47, 231, 267
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 88
International Classification of Diseases
(ICD-10), 150, 151
Interrupted time-series analysis, 129
Intoxication
environmental interaction and, 23,
26
estimating, 130
health consequences, 267
risk of other problems, 215
social norms and, 60
Investigator-initiated grant, 16, 142, 309,
313, 314, 319
Job performance, 221
JWK Corporation, 290
Kaiser-Permanente, 278, 298
Kansas, 109
Kellogg Company, 8, 117
Labeling, 223
Laboratory research, 8, 128, 13~131
Labyrinthitis, caloric, 36
LaIyngospasm, 36
Least-squares regression, 129
Legal environment, 24, 87~1, 121, 123,
310
Liability insurance, 91
5,
Life-course development, 4, 132
identification of risk factors, 47 - 50
and readiness to change, 64, 65
Liquor. See Distilled spirits
Liquor by the drink (LBD), 76
Lithium, 174, 267
Liver. See also Hepatic cirrhosis;
Hepatitis
disease, 23
dysfuntion, 37
effects of alcohol on, 15, 280 281
enzymes, 155 - 156, 216
transplantation, 281
Lofexidine, 268
Longitudinal research, 133, 146
data bases, 56
methodological problems, 295
Lorazepam, 270
Los Angeles, 119
Maine, 89 90, 129
Males
alcoholic fathers and, 54
comorbidities in, 235
remission of problem drinking in, 53
risk factors, 4, 37, 52
Managed care, 16, 296, 298
Mandated treatment, 12, 145, 194 - 195
Marijuana, 34
community prevention research, 109
in smoking prevention studies, 119
Marital conflict, 4, 52
Marital therapy, 181 - 182, 197
Massachusetts
drunk driving laws, 89
minimum drinking age, 78 - 79
Media
alcohol advertising, 6, 85 - 86
in community prevention studies, 7,
111, 117, 128
fictional depictions of alcohol use, 6,
86 - 87
public information campaigns, 6,
82 - 85, 88, 89
in smoking prevention, 119
social learning and, 58, 60
treatment recruitment, 143, 162, 223
Medication, 196
abuse and dependence, 174
in smoking cessation, 252
Meditation, 183
Memos, 154, 275 - 276
training, 277
-332
OCR for page 333
Men. See Males
Mental health, 63
Mental retardation, maternal drinking
and, 40
Meprobamate, 268
Meta-analysis, 290, 291, 292
Methadone maintenance, 170, 181, 259
Methodology
cost research, 295
patient-treatment matching, 231 - 233
policy analysis, 290 - 292
prevention research design,
8 - ,128 - 134
problems with self-reported data, 11
problems in studying alcohol-related
injuries, 3, 32 - 34
problems in treatment evaluation,
186 - 187
proxy variables, 120
treatment research, 15~163
Michigan
minimum drinking age, 79
seat belt law, 116
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test
(MAST), 152, 221
Midwestern Prevention Project (MPP),
109
Minimum purchase age, 6, 75, 76, 78 - 80,
87
Minnesota Heart Health Study, 115, 130
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory, 234
Minnesota treatment model, 185
Minorities -
in prospective research, 52
television and, 87
Missouri, 109
Model Alcoholic Beverage Retail
Licensee Liability Act (1985), 90
Moderate drinkers, 23
biological markers in, 156
differentiation of, 131
and environmental factors, 24
in treatment outcome, 21~220
Moderation, as treatment goal, 13, 61,
218 - 220, 223
Moral deficiencies, 57
Mortality
alcohol availability and, 76, 77
alcohol use, vi, 1, 23
automobile accidents, 23, 34, 78
cardiovascular disease, 112, 255
cirrhosis and hepatitis, 15, 77, 267,
280
drowning, 36
early intervention and, 224
falls, 35
fire and burns, 37
injuries, 3, 31
Mothers Against Drunk Driving, 87, 110
Motivation for change, 12, 63 64, 65,
193 - 195, 235, 251 - 252
Movie theaters, 84
Multistage sampling, 56
Multivariate analysis, 55, 129, 131, 161,
232
Muscle, 282
Music Television, 84
Mutual help groups, 11 - 12, 119, 178 - 180
Naloxone, 267
Naltrexone, 259
Narcotics Anonymous, 186, 300
National Alcoholism and Drug Abuse
Program Inventory (NDAPI), 161
National Alcoholism Program
Information System (NAPIS), 142
National Association of Alcoholism
Treatment Programs, 161
National Cancer Institute (NCI), 8, 17,
117, 309, 310, 313, 316
National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment
Utilization SuIvey (NDATUS),
161 - 162
National Health Interview Survey, 144
National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute (NHLBI), 17, 309, 310, 313,
316, 319
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration, 80, 92
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism (NIAAA), vi, vii, 1, 9, 20
aggregate-level studies, 161
Alcohol Research Centers, 17 - 18,
315, 318
and community prevention study,
110, 133
cooperative research, 316
and diagnosis, 150
Division of Clinical and Prevention
Research, 9, 17, 142, 309, 313
intramural research, 142
and longitudinal data bases, 56
preventive research funding, 16, 309
prevention research
-333
OCR for page 334
recommendations, 310, 311, 312
treatment funding, 16, 141 - 142, 146,
290
treatment research funding, 313,
318, 319, 320
National Institute of Mental Health
(NIMH), 141, 316, 319
Treatment of Depression
Collaborative Research Program,
318
National Institute on Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, 313, 316
National Institute on Drug Abuse
(NIDA), 17, 110, 146, 310, 314, 315,
318, 319
National Institutes of Health (NIH),
30~310, 313, 316, 317
National Research Centers Program, 142
National Research Council, vii, 20, 24
Native Americans, 40, 237
Naturalistic studies, 92~93, 131, 291
Natural raters, 49, 50
Nausea, induced, 175, 176
Needs analysis, 113 - 114, 121
Nerves, peripheral, 282
Neurophysiological variables, 49
Nevada, 76
New Hampshire, 76
Newspapers, 87
New York, 79
Nicotine chewing gum, 253
Nicotine fading, 253 - 254
Nootropic drugs, 278
Norepinephrine reuptake, 173
Normative environment, 24, 26, 48, 82 - 87
North Carolina, 76
North Karelia Project, 115
Norzimelidine, 173
Nutrition education, 115
Observational learning, 59 60
Observational studies, 128
Occupational alcohol programs, 142
Office of Economic- Opportunity, 141
Office of Substance Abuse Prevention
(OSAP), 17, 309, 310, 311, 313
Omnibus Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986),
309
Ontario, Canada, 76, 77
Ontario Detoxication System, 269
Ontogenetic influences, 48
Operating-under-the-influence. See
Driving-while-intoxica ted
Opiate
abuse, 258, 272, 319
antagonists, 173
withdrawal, 259
Organ damage, 154, 155, 267
Osteoporosis, 35
Outcome. See Treatment: effectiveness of
Outpatient treatment, 183, 216
costs, 291, 293
patient-treatment matching, 239,
240, 241
social supports and, 13, 234
Oxazepam, 269 - 270
Pancreas, 282
Paranoia, 272
Partial correlation, 161
Path-analytic procedures, 132
Patient-treatment matching, 13 - 14,
14~150, 237 - 241
methodology, 231 - 233
patient measurement, 233 - 235, 241
readiness to change and, 248
recommendations, 241 - 242, 315
treatment measurement, 235 - 236
Pavlovian learning theory, 191
Pawtucket Heart Health Study, 115, 129
Peer groups
coping skills training and, 61, 119
as risk factor, 49, 50, 55
social learning and, 58, 60
Pennsylvania, 115
Per se laws, 87, 88
Personality tests, 234
Personality variables, 49
Pharmacotherapies, 11 - 12, 17~175, 261
alcohol withdrawal, 268 - 269
drug dependence, 25~260
Phenobarbital, 271
Phenothiazine, 312
Physical deformities, maternal drinking
and, 40
Physician counseling, 254
Physiological indicators of susceptibility,
66
Placebo therapy, 217
Planned Approach to Community Health,
310
Platelet monoamine oxidase, 156
Point-of-purchase components, 115
Police enforcement, 88 - 89, 131
Policy development, vii, 9, 15 - 16, 20,
133 - 134
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analysis, 290 292, 299
patient attitudes and, 301
Pregnancy
adolescent, 3, 8, 40, 11~120
drinking during, 40
interventions, 13, 142, 217 - 218
Prevention Demonstration and Education
Program, 309
Prevention research
cost-effectiveness, 9, 134
funding, 16~17, 309
implications of social learning
theory, 59 61
importance of theory, 12~130
limitations of, 110
methodology, 128 - 130
program design, 128 131
recommendations,
131 133
practical significance of, 131
process evaluation, 7, 121, 129
public health perspective and, 26 - 28
systems approach, 27 - 28
Preventive trials, 25 - 26, 51
implications from prospective
research, 53 - 56
interventions with pregnant women,
13, 142, 217 - 218
life-course development and, 53 - 56
recommended, 310
Primary care, 224, 240, 242
Primary prevention, 1 - 2, 26, 53
adolescent pregnancy, 11~120
and adolescents, 121
cancer, 117 - 118
cardiovascular disease studies,
111 - 115
coping skills training, 61~2, 65
prospective research and, 5~51
seat belt use, 116 - 117
smoking, 118 - 119
Private industry, - 10, 117 - 118, 142, 143
Problem behavior theory, 57
Prohibition, 48, 75
Propylthiouracil (PTU), 155, 280 281
Prospective research
implications for preventive trials,
53 - 56
limitations of, 52 - 53
risk factor identification, 5~52
Prostaglandin E, 156
Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview (PDI),
150
Psychiatric disorders
alcoholism comorbidity, 144, 153,
174, 177, 178, 241, 319
diagnosis, 13, 150, 234
drug dependence comorbidity, 261
and medical care utilization, 297
and treatment outcome, 152
Psychological interventions, 173
Psychological learning theory, 152
Psychosis, 170, 319
Psychotherapy, 11 - 12,177 - 178,240,261
in drug treatment, 256 - 257
Psychotropic medication, 170, 174, 178,
257
Public health model of alcohol-related
problems, 2, 24 - 27
Public Health Service, 18, 316
Public Health Service Act, 315
Public information campaigns, 6, 82 - 85
Public service announcements, 84, 113
Punishment, 60
Quanine nucleotide, 156
Quasi-experimental designs, 129, 131, 198
data for, 157
methodology, 8, 159, 16~161
patient-treatment matching, 232
treatment evaluation, 187
Radio, 84
Rand Corporation, 142, 298, 315
Readiness to change, 5, 63~4, 65, 235,
248
Recall cues, 155
Reciprocal determinism, 57
Red blood cells, mean corpuscular
volume (MCV), 156, 221
Reinforcement, 60 61
Relapse prevention, 11 - 12,169,170,235
alcohol administration in, 176
broad-spectrum treatment in, 182
calcium carbimide in, 172
compliance, 194
outcome research, 184 - 185
patient-treatment matching, 24~241,
242
research on, 152, 18~190
smoking, 250
Research See also Methodology;
Prevention research;
Research opportunities;
Treatment
formative, 83 - 84, 113 - 114, 130, 133
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recommendations, vii
study Types, 32 - 33
Research opportunities
adolescent treatment, 300
advertising, effects of, 86
alcohol availability, 81
alcohol-impaired driving, 90
alcohol withdrawal, 272, 273
antidipsotropics, 172
aversion therapies, 176 - 177
behavioral self-control training, 181
biological markers, 157
broad-spectrum treatment, 184
cardiovascular effects, 279, 280
cognitive impairment, 277, 278
cognitive variables, 249
conditioned responses, 258
cost offset, 295 - 296
data collection, 157 - 158
diagnosis, 151
differential assessment, 153
drinking context, 93
education, 178
effect-altering medications, 173 - 174
health insurance, 298 - 299
liver transplantation, 281
longitudinal data bases, 56
managed care, 296
methodology, 162 - 163, 233, 292
motivation, 195, 252
outcome variables, 159
patient-treatment matching, 235,
236, 238 - 239, 240242
physician counseling, 255
prevention, 2 - , 31~312
prospective etiology studies, 55 - 56
psychopharmacological treatments,
260
psychotherapy, 178, 180, 182, 257
psychotropics, 175
public information campaigns, 84
public policy, 301
relapse prevention, 185, 190, 250
sleep disorders, 275
smoking cessation, 248
social learning models, 65~6
social support, 251
special populations, 255
stages of change, 248
therapist variables, 192 - 193
traditional treatment programs, 188
treatment, - 16, 146, 189, 191, 254,
290
verbal report methods, 154 - 155
Resistance skills training, 124
Response effects, 154
Restaurants, 92
Restriction fragment-length
polymorphisms (RFLP), 66
Rhode Island, 115
Riboflavin, 159, 280
Risk factors
behavioral, 49, 215
biological, 57, 149
environmental, 4, 50
genetic, 5, 66
identification of, 47, 5 ~ 52, 53
intraindividual, 4, 49
in preventive trials, 25
Risk-taking behavior, 35
Role models, 58, 63, 65
Romberg test, 35
Royal Edinburgh Infirmary, 216
San Diego VA Hospital, 313
Schizophrenia, 50, 174, 235, 260, 312
School achievement, 4, 52
School-based prevention, 128, 130
adolescent pregnancy, 8, 11~120
School counselors, 224
Scientist Development
Clinicians, 314, 319
Screening, 13, 221 - 222, 224
Seasonality, 129
Seat belt use
Award for
alcohol use and, 34, 88
legislation and, 8, 124
promotion campaigns, 8, 116 - 117.
121
Secondary prevention, 2, 26, 53, 215, 221
coping skills training, 61ff2, 65
Seizures, treatment of, 27~271
Selected interventions, 2, 26, 64
life-course development and, 53 - 54
Self-efficacy, 5, 58, 59, 65, 184, 191, 248,
249
Self-esteem, 57, 177
Self-help, 239
manuals, 13, 112, 215 - 216, 223, 235,
253
smoking cessation, 261
Self-monitoring, 5, 62, 253
Self-regulation, 57, 58, 60
Self-selection, treatment, 233, 237 - 238
Serotonin uptake inhibitors, 173
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Server interventions, 6, 26 - 27, 91~2, 129
Server liability, 6, 90 91
Sexual activity, 3, 39, 40
Sexual dysfunction, 172
Sexually transmitted diseases, 3, 3~40
Shy behavior, 4, 52, 55
Side effects
disulfiram, 172
zimelidine, 173
Sleep disorders, 273 - 275
SMART, Project, 119
Smoking
and alcohol dependence, 14, 144,
260
and cardiovascular disease, 111, 115
cues, 258
during pregnancy, 40
and house fires, 37
withdrawal, 252, 253, 259
Smoking cessation
approaches to change, 261
cost-effectiveness, 112
incentives, 117
quit-smoking contests, 113, 114, 119
readiness to change stages, 63
special populations, 255
treatment methods, 252 - 254
treatment process, 247 - 252
Smoking prevention programs
and alcohol use, 130
community prevention research, 8,
109, 118 - 119, 123
inoculation in, 84
school-based, 27
Social adaptational status (SAS), 49, 50
Social drinkers, 131
Social fields, 49, 50
Social host liability, 91
Social instability, 152
Social learning theory, 182
and behavior change, 112, 132
and fictional drinking depictions, 86
implications for prevention research,
59~1
models of, 4 - 5, 47, 57 - 59, 66
Social marketing, 112 - 113, 117, 121, 123,
133
Social norms, 57, 130, 132
Social pressure resistance training, 118
Social skills training, 183, 191, 197
Social stability/social supports, 13, 234,
25~251
Socioeconomic status, 32, 38 39, 241
Soothability, 54
South Africa, 115
Soviet Union, 175
Speeding, 6, 34, 88, 89 90
Spontaneous fractures, 35
Spontaneous remission, 52 53
Stanford Center for Research in Disease
Prevention, 310
Stanford Five-City Project (FCP), 7,
111 - 115, 119, 130, 311
Stanford Three-Community Study (TCS),
7, 111 - 115, 130, 311
STAR, Project. See Midwestern
Prevention Project
State laws
alcoholic beverage control (ABC)
commissions, 75, 76
drinking age, 87
drunk driving, 87~0
seat belt use, 116
Stomach, 282
Stress management training, 183, 197
Stroke, 279
Structural modeling, 132
Structured diagnostic interviews, 152
Student assistance programs, 21S
Students Against Drunk Driving, 87, 110
Suicide, 3, 36, 38
Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and
Health (1964), 119
Survival model, 184
Sweat markers, 11, 155
Sweden, 223
Switzerland, 115
Synergism, 27, 130, 133
Systems approach, 27-28
Tachyarrhythmias, 279
Taste aversion therapy, 176
Taxation, 75, 76, 77, 110
Telephone surveys, 154
Television
alcohol advertising, 84 - 85
influences on drinking behavior, 82,
86 - 87
public information campaigns, 84 - 85
Temperament, 49, 54
Temperance movement, 127
Texas, 79
Theory, importance of, 7, 8, 12~130, 132
Therapist variables, 12, 158, 191 - 193,
195, 197
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Time-line follow-back, 155
Tissue damage, 15, 156, 157
Tourism, 76
Transfernn, 221
Treatment. See also Patient-treatment
matching
alcohol withdrawal, 268 - 275
assessment of, 158 - 159
brief interventions, 12, 13, 216 - 217,
221, 224, 235, 239
broad-spectrum strategies, 11 - 12,
182 - 184
cognitive impairment and, 276
cost of, 15, 143, 188, 290, 291, 292
cost-benefit analysis, 280290
cost-effectiveness analysis, 16, 289,
294 - 295
cost offset effect, 15 - 16, 292 - 296,
299
demography and epidemiology,
143 - 145
early intervention, 215 - 216, 221,224
effectiveness, 195 - 198, 289 - 290,
29~300
evaluation of, 8, 11 - 12,
121, 142, 14~150, 237, 310
outcome expectancies,
248 - 249
outcome objectives,
multiple, 120
outcome research,
169 - 170, 218 - 220
outcome variables, 159
efficacy, 231, 242, 313 - 314
mechanisms of, 19(~191
efficiency, 290
funding, 9, 17 - 18,141 - 142,313 - 320
historical factors in, - 10
implementation, 224
as indicated intervention, 140
intensity and duration of, 12, 14,
188 - 189, 239
methodology, 15~163
phases of, 169
process, 12, 158, 159, 19(~195,
197 - 198, 248 - 252
recruitment, 9 - 10, 223
research methodology, 159 - 163
research recommendations, 9 - 16,
146
setting, 315
smoking cessation, 253 - 254
traditional programs, evaluation of,
185 - 187
trends in, 142 - 143, 145
variables, 158
Treatment centers, data reporting,
161 - 162
Tryptophan, 278
Uncontrolled studies, 169
treatment evaluation, 12, 186, 187
Unemployment rates, and drunk driving,
88
Universal interventions, 2, 26, 53, 64
Urine markers, 11, 155, 280 281
United States
Air Force, 290
Coast Guard, 36
Congress, vi, 1, 142, 185, 315
Department of Defense, 311, 316,
319
Department of Education, 311
Department of Health and Human
Services, 311
Department of Transportation, 89,
311, 319
Navy, 91
Ventricular fibrillation, 279
Verbal report methods, 11, 153 - 155
Vermont, 76
Veterans Administration, 141
clinics, 170
collaborative study, 18, 174
funding, 16
hospitals, 143
prevention research, 311
treatment research funding, 313,
316, 318, 319, 320
Videocassettes, 84
Violence, 3, 33, 38
Viqualine, 173
Vitamins, 275
Vulnerability. See Risk factors
Warning labels, 41
Washington, D.C., 76, 117
Washington, University of, 40
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, 275
Wine consumption, advertising and, 85
Women. See Females
Women for Sobriety, 179
Work setting, as risk factor, 49, 50, 93
Work site prevention trials, 128, 130
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OCR for page 339
Mark sHe-b=~ in=nl~, 8, 116, 117,
120
ma_ ~, 1
alcohol awry pm~m, 319
Sol Use Dbo~e~ Identi0=lion
~1 (AIDS, 2~
~1~1 Pawn ~5
~meUdine, 173, ~7, 278
atoning and ~ndidonaL~e permits 76,
-339
Representative terms from entire chapter:
community prevention
