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Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
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OCR for page 87
Appendix Tables
OCR for page 88
OCR for page 89
List of Appendix Tables
Educational attainment of the civilian labor force (percent distribution)
Population of 18- to 24-year-olds
High school dropouts among 18- and 19-year-olds (percent distribution)
Enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds in institutions of higher education
A2.5 Enrollment rates of 25- to 34-year-olds in institutions of higher education
A2.6 Bachelor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education
A2.7 Undergraduate enrollment in institutions of higher education
A2.8 Persistence rates for 1980 high school graduates
A2.9 Anticipated college major (percent distribution)
A2.10 Numbers and attainment rates of masters and doctoral degrees for
selected fields, 1971 to 1985
A3.1 Attitudes of 8th and 12th grade mathematics students toward
mathematics, 1981-1982 school year
Average SAT scores in mathematics, 1970 to 1987
A3.3 Average ACT scores in mathematics, 1970 to 1988
A3.4 Average NAEP scores in mathematics, 1973 to 1986
A3.5 Enrollments in selected mathematics courses in colleges and universities
(in thousands)
A3.6 Enrollments in undergraduate mathematical sciences departments by
type of institution (in thousands)
A3.7 Mean number of semester credits completed by bachelor's degree recipients,
by major and by course area: 1972 to 1976 and 1980 to 1984
A4.1 Number of mathematical sciences degrees awarded, 1950 to 1986
A4.2 Comparison of actual versus expected number of mathematical
sciences bachelor's degrees
Anticipated college major and probable career occupation (percent
distribution)
A4.4 Number of education and mathematics education degrees for selected years
A4.5 Full-time graduate students in doctorate-granting institutions for selected
fields, 1975 to 1986
A4.6
Enrollments in doctorate-granting institutions for mathematical sciences
by sex, 1975 to 1986
Source of major support for full-time mathematical sciences graduate
students in doctorate-granting institutions, 1986
A4.8 Type of major support for full-time graduate students in doctorate-
granting institutions for selected fields, 1986
A4.9 1986 enrollments in graduate mathematical sciences programs
A4.10 Number of mathematical sciences master's degrees awarded by subfield
91
91
92
92
92
93
94
94
95
96
97
98
98
99
100
100
101
102
103
103
104
105
106
107
107
108
109
89
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A Challenge of Numbers
A4.11 Attainment rates of master's and doctoral mathematics degrees by
sex, 1970 to 1986
A4.12 Characteristics of new doctorates in mathematical sciences, 1974 to 1986
A4.13 Primary sources of support of doctorate recipients in the physical
sciences, 1977 and 1986
A4.14 Number of doctorate recipients in broadly interpreted mathematical
sciences, 1976 to 1986, awarded by U.S. universities
A4.15 Total number and distribution of new mathematical sciences doctorates
by subfield and sex, 1960 to 1982
A4.16 Number of doctorates awarded in selected fields, 1970 to 1985
A5.1 Number of employed scientists and engineers
A5.2 Selected employment characteristics of scientists and engineers, 1986
AS.3 Number of scientists by field and type of employer, 1976 and 1986
AS.4 Field of employment for recent (1984/85) mathematics degree recipients,
1986 (percent distribution)
A5.5 Primary work activities for recent (1984/85) mathematics degree recipients,
1986 (percent distribution)
A5.6 Median annual salaries by field and type of degree of recent (1984/85)
graduates, 1986
A5.7 Demand and supply of new teachers in elementary and secondary schools,
1970 to 1992 (in thousands)
Numbers of faculty members by types of institutions for selected years
Mathematical sciences and computer science enrollments per full-time
equivalent (FTE) of faculty
A5.10 Age distribution of full-time mathematical sciences faculty in 1985 in
four-year colleges and universities
Age distribution of full-time mathematical sciences faculty in 1985 in
two-year colleges
A5.12 Employment status of new doctorates awarded by U.S. and Canadian
mathematical sciences departments
A5.13 Mathematical sciences faculty salaries by type of institution (in 1985
constant dollars)
A5.8
A5.9
90
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110
110
111
112
113
113
113
114
115
115
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115
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117
117
118
118
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Appendix Tables
_
TABLE A2.1 Educational attainment of the civilian labor force (percent distribution)
Years of school 1965 1975 19842000
(new jobs)
Less than 4 years of high school 42.5 29.3 19.514.0
High school (4 years) 35.5 39.6 40.735.0
College (1-3 years) 10.5 15.5 19.022.0
College (4+ years) 11.6 15.7 20.930.0
Median number of years in school 12.2 12.5 12.813.5
SOURCES: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS, 1987, p. 98) and Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS, 1985, p. 164).
TABLE A2.2 Population of 18- to 24-year-olds
Race or ethnic group 1970 1975
.
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2010
Total (in millions)24.728.030.328.725.8 23.7 24.6 27.7
Hispanic originaaa2.32.4 2.5 2.8 3.6
White21.524.025.621.618.9 16.9 17.2 18.6
Black2.83.54.04.13.8 3.5 3.8 4.6
Other races0.40.50.70.80.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
Total (percent distnbution) 100100 100 100 100
Hispanic origin 89 11 11 13
White 7573 71 70 67
Black 1415 15 15 17
Other races 33 4 4 4
a Persons of Hispanic origin were included in white, black, and other races during 1970 to 1980.
SOURCES: Bureau of the Census (BOC, 1982; 1986, p. 14~.
91
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A Challenge of Numbers
TABLE A2.3 High school dropouts among 18- and 19-year-olds (percent distribution)
Race or ethnic group1970 1975 1980 1985
-
Total16.2 16.0 15.7 14.3
Hispanic origin- 30.1 39.0 30.6
White14.1 14.7 14.9 13.8
Black31.2 25.4 21.2 17.3
NOTE: High school dropouts are considered to be those not enrolled in school and not high school graduates.
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1987a, p. 861.
TABLE A2.4 Enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds in institutions of higher education
Race or ethnic group 1970 1975 1980 1985 1986
Enrollment as a percent of 18 to 24 year olds
Total 25.7 26.3 25.6 27.8
Hispanic origin 20.4 16.1 16.9
White 27.1 26.9 26.2 28.7
Black 15.5 20.7 19.2 19.8
Enrollment as a percent of high school graduates
Total 32.7 32.5 31.6 33.7 34.0
Hispanic origin - 35.5 29.8 26.9 29.4
White 33.2 32.4 31.8 34.4 34.5
Black 26.0 32.0 27.6 26.1 28.6
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1987a, p. 155; 1988b, p. 14).
TABLE A2.5 Enrollment rates of 25- to 34-year-olds in institutions of higher education
Race or ethnic group 1976 1980 1984 1986
Enrollment as a percent of high school graduates
Total 9.6 8.9 8.6 8.3
Hispanic origin 10.9 9.2 9.9 10.4
White 9.2 8.7 8.4 8.0
Black 11.9 9.6 8.1 7.8
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1988b, p. 14).
92
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Appendix Tables
TABLE A2.6 Bachelor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education
Major19711975198019851971 to 1985
(% change)
Total839,730922,933929,417979,47717
Agriculture and home economics23,83934,30041,21333,66241
Business and management114,865133,010185,361233,351103
Computer and information sciences2,3885,03311,15438,8781,528
Education176,614167,015118,16988,161-50
Engineenng and engineering technologies50,04646,85268,89396,10592
English/letters64,93348,53433,49734,091-47
Fine arts30,39440,78240,89237,93625
Health sciences25,19048,85863,60764,513156
Humanitiesa44,74153,11254,17665,61847
Life sciences35,74351,74146,37038,4458
Mathematics24,80118,18111,378- 15,146-39
Physical sciences21~41220,77823,41023,73211
Social sciences and psychology193,116186,153145,481131,272-32
Professionalb17,33639,93150,66042,492145
OtherC14,31228,65335,15636,075152
Total (percent distribution)100100100100
Agriculture and home economics3443
Business and management14142024
Computer and infonnation sciences0114
Education2118139
Engineenng and engineering technologies65710
English/letters
Fine arts
Health sciences
Humanitiesa
Life sciences
8
s
4 4 4 4
3
5
5 6 6
7
4 6 5 4
Mathematics 3 2 1 2
Physical sciences 3 2 3 2
Social sciences and psychology 23 20 16 13
Professionalb 2 4 5 4
OtherC 2 3 4 4
a Includes area and ethnic studies, communications, foreign languages, philosophy, religion, and theology.
b Includes architecture and environmental design, communication technologies, library and archival sciences, military
sciences, parks and recreation, protective services, and public affairs.
c Includes law, liberal/general studies, and multi/interdisciplinary studies.
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1987a, p. 190~.
93
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A Challenge of Numbers
TABLE A2.7 Undergraduate enrollment in institutions of higher education
Race or ethnic group 1976 1978 1980 1982 19841986
Total(in millions) 9.50 9.80 10.60 10.90 10.6010.80
Hispanic origin 0.36 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.500.57
White 7.80 7.90 8.60 8.70 8.508.60
Black 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.001.00
Total (percent distnbution) 100 100 100 100 100100
Hispanic origin 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.75.3
White 82.2 81.4 81.0 80.5 80.079.2
Black 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.4 9.49.2
NOTE: Figures include nonresident aliens.
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1988b, p. 12~.
TABLE A2.8 Persistence rates for 1980 high school graduates
From
AY Summer AY Summer AY Summer AY From high
80-81 1981 81-82 1982 82-83 1983 83-84 start school
Total 93.3 92.5 87.3 93.3 96.4 95.1 84.2 54.3 15.7
Gender
Male 94.1 93.1 86.5 93.5 96.4 95.9 85.1 55.7 15.4
Female 92.5 91.9 88.1 93.1 96.4 94.4 83.4 53.0 16.0
Race or ethnicity
White 93.4 93.1 87.7 93.6 96.7 95.5 84.3 55.6 16.9
Black 91.7 89.9 83.8 90.4 93.0 92.1 81.3 43.5 11.6
Hispanic 90.6 83.0 85.6 92.3 96.6 92.2 80.1 42.3 6.5
Asian 99.4 91.8 90.1 90.8 98.5 93.4 88.6 60.9 27.1
Socioeconomic quartile
Low quartile 91.7 90.4 79.9 91.3 94.9 86.4 84.2 41.7 6.1
High quartile 95.9 93.5 90.8 93.6 96.9 97.0 84.3 60.4 31.9
Type of college 9J80
Public 4-year 93.1 92.3 87.6 93.2 96.2 93.8 82.9 52.5 a
Private 4-year 93.6 92.8 86.8 93.3 96.8 97.5 86.6 57.6 a
a Not computed.
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1989).
94
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Appendix Tables
TABLE A2.9 Anticipated college major (percent distribution)
Major 1966 1970 19751980 1985
Total 100 100 100100 100
Agnculture 1.9 2.0 3.92.9 2.0
Business 14.3 16.2 18.921.3 24.8
Computer science NA NA 1.Oa2.5 2.3
Education 10.6 11.6 9.97.7 7.1
Engineering 9.8 8.6 7.911.8 10.7
English 4.4 3.0 1.00.9 1.0
Fine arts 8.4 9.2 6.25 3.S
Health sciences 5.3 7.4 7.39.2 8.9
Humanities 4.7 3.5 2.12.1 2.1
Life sciences 3.7 3.5 6.33.7 3.4
Mathematical sciences 4.5 3.3 1.10.6 0.8
Physical sciences 3.3 2.3 2.72.0 1.6
Social sciences NA 8.9 6.24.7 5.2
Other or undecided 29.1 20.5 25.525.6 26.3
a Data for 1977, which is first year data available.
NOTE: NA means not available.
SOURCE: Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP, 1987b, p. 901.
95
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A Challenge of Numbers
TABLE A2.10 Numbers and attainment rates of master's and doctoral degrees for selected fields, 1971 to 1985
Degrees awarded for specified period Atrairunent rate
B.S.M.S.M.S./B.S.
(1971tol983)(1973tol985)(2-yearlag)
Engineenng659,101219,70033%
Life sciences594,78581,22114%
Physical sciences289,78372,61425%
Mathematical sciences212,46044,76421%
Field Degrees awarded for specified period Attainment rate
M.S. Ph.D. Ph.D./M.S.
(1971tol980) (1976tol985) (5-yea}lag)
Engineenng 158,970 27,035 17%
Life sciences 65,037 34,947 54%
Physical sciences 57,808 32,501 56%
Mathematical sciences 41,399 7,439 18%
Field Degrees awarded for specified period Attainment rate
B.S. Ph.D. Ph.D./B.S.
(1971tol978) (1978tol985) (7-yearlag)
Engineenng 345,122 21,633 6%
Life sciences 374,732 28,158 8%
Physical sciences 171,757 25,729 15%
Mathematical sciences 154,146 5,760 4%
SOURCE: Adapted from National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1987a, pp. 190-192).
96
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Survey statement
Appendix Tables
TABLE A3.1 Attitudes of 8th arid 12th grade mathematics students toward mathematics, 1981-1982 school year
. . . . . . . .
Percent giving a high rating
8th grade 12th grade
. _ . .
I usually understand what we are talking about in class
75
I really want to do well in mathematics 87 91
I feel good when I solve a mathematics problem by myself 78 91
My parents really want me to do well in mathematics 86 89
It does not scare me to have to take mathematics 71 81
Mathematics is easier for me than for most persons 56 76
If I had a choice, I would learn more mathematics 66 76
Mathematics helps me think logically 64 85
There is usually a rule to follow in mathematics 82 67
Percent of 8th grade students Percent of 12th grade students
giving a high rating to: giving a high rating to:
ImportanceEaseLikes ImportanceEaseLikes
Memorizing843622 Equations947171
Measures835243 Checking907829
Checking797225 Memorizing854618
Equations785344 Calculators809585
Decimals765644 Word problems782629
Estimating 68 68 49 Function graphs 69 64 37
Charts and graphs 67 74 57 Probability 66 34 37
Ratios and proportions 67 45 35 Charts and graphs 62 80 42
Word problems 66 39 28 Complex numbers 62 52 37
Tables 61 49 37 Denvatives 56 37 34
Geometric figures 60 45 38 Limits 55 42 30
Calculators 54 86 75 Sequences and series 53 43 33
Inequalities 50 35 25 Proofs 52 20 18
Sets 47 57 38 Vectors 48 41 30
Drawing figures 46 55 42 Integrals 46 26 25
All subtopics 66 55 40 All subtopics 66 50 37
SOURCE: As reported in National Science Board (NSB, 1987, pp. 193-194).
97
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Appendix Tables
TABLE A4.10 Number of mathematical sciences master's degrees awarded by subfield
1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 Percent diet., 1986
Total
Mathematics, general
Actuarial sciences
Applied mathematics
Pure mathematics
Statistics
Mathematics, other
2,567
1,890
NA
179
NA
467
31
2,837
1,924
27
259
21
459
147
2,741
1,846
18
253
25
471
128
2,882
1,892
23
284
27
490
166
3,159
2,057
28
367
23
478
206
100
65
12
1
15
6
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 1984; 1987a, p. 187) and unpublished data.
TABLE A4.11 Attainment rates of master's and doctoral mathematics degrees by sex, 1970 to 1986
Percentage of
master's/bachelor's
degrees (2-year lag)
Percentage of
doctoral/master's
degrees (5-year lag)
Percentage of
doctoral/bachelor's
degrees (7-year lag)
Yeara
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
15-year average
10-year average
Total Men
19 21
20 23
20 23
19 21
18 20
20
21
21
23
22
24
26
24
23
24
21
23
24
24
25
25
28
29
27
27
28
24
Women Total
15
16
16
15
~5
17
18
18
20
18
19
21
19
18
19
17
Men Women
16
16
15
17
19
Total Men Women
18
21
23
24
29
24
26
29
32
37
20 7
19
18
8
8
21 7
24
9
10
12
11
14
4
4
4
5
s
6
4 6
s
6
6
7
8
9
1
2
2
2
3
19 24 9
4 5 1.5
a Refers to the year in which higher-level degrees were awarded; the lower-level degrees were awarded 2, 5, or 7 years earlier.
SOURCE: Adapted from Table A4.1.
109
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A Challenge of Numbers
. .
TABLE A4.12 Characteristics of new doctorates in mathematical sciences, 1974 to 1986
1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986
Total number 1,211 1,003 838 744 720 698 730
Percent men 90.5 88.7 85.7 87.2 86.7 83.5 83.4
Percent women 9.5 11.3 14.3 12.8 13.3 16.5 16.6
Percent
AmencanIndian 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2
Asian 13.3 12.0 13.4 15.6 16.4 21.5 24.0
Black 1.9 0.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.8
Hispanic 0.7 1.5 3.2 2.3 3.6 5.8 6.0
White 84.0 85.7 81.3 80.1 78.1 71.1 68.0
U.S. citizens 72.3 74.6 73.9 69.9 63.6 58.3 50.3
PerTnanent visas 5.9 5.5 5.6 8.3 5.7 5.2 4.9
Temporary visas 18.5 18.2 18.5 18.7 26,7 33.2 37.3
SOURCE: National Research Council (NRC, 1987, p.66~.
TABLE A4.13 Primary sources of support of doctorate recipients in the physical sciences, 1977 and 1986
Personal
1977 1986
University
1977 1986
Federal
1977 1986
Other
1977 1986
Total, all fields 36.1 42.1 41.9 44.8 16.1 7.2 5.8 6.0
Physics and astronomy 9.8 7.5 75.8 84.0 10.2 4.4 4.2 4.1
Chemistry 9.8 10.3 74.6 81.4 11.7 5.2 3.9 3.1
Earth/atmospheric/manne sciences 17.3 18.9 56.4 70.9 19.4 6.1 7.0 4.1
Mathematics 17.7 14.0 64.1 74.2 11.8 5.3 6.4 6.5
Computer science 45.0 25.6 55.0 58.2 0.0 4.1 0.0 12.1
NOTE: The primary support of mathematics doctoral students is by their universities, and principally as graduate teaching
assistants. The above chart from the 1986 ARC Survey Report shows the changes over 10 years and comparisons with the
other physical sciences. (Numbers are percent of total with given source of support.)
SOURCE: National Research Council (NRC, 1987, p.28).
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Appendix Tables
TABLE A4.14 Number of doctorate recipients in broadly interpreted mathematical sciences, 1976 to 1986,
awarded by U.S. universities
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 19821983198419851986
Total, mathematics 696 664 605 563 569 535 533540496540576
Applied mathematics 105 113 108 111 102 118 108125108116136
Algebra 116 88 87 88 78 56 6055655546
Analysis and functional analysis 141 153 118 111 91 105 9876718381
Geometry 23 26 22 25 35 29 3244273538
Logic 34 17 24 21 24 18 1721253023
Number theory 26 32 18 17 28 24 2819271820
Probability (AMS Survey) 42 33 33 27 30 22 2522193926
Topology 72 70 56 61 57 55 4544423534
Mathematics, general 94 88 92 80 83 77 84867885125
Mathematics, other 43 44 47 22 41 31 3648344447
Total, computing 267 255 252 313 293 319 303381364381486
Computing theory and practices 148 101 55 25 13 16 1112131510
Computer and information science 31 121 210 218 232 220 286 295 310 399
Computer eng~neenng 119 123 76 78 62 71 72 83 56 56 77
Mathematical statisticsab 123 126 135 138 121 141 140 129 162 111 115
Total, statistics 234 242 249 227 218 246 266 250 284 247 238
Eliometrics and biostatistics 46 52 45 44 42 48 59 45 49 40 30
Social sciences statistics 35 35 46 23 33 40 43 47 39 60 65
Econometrics 30 29 23 22 22 17 24 21 27 27 25
Business statistics - 8 7 9 3
Total,operations research 118 118 127 110 104 116 94 102 123 121 129
Mathematics operations research 36 42 43 43 41 36 36 20 27 22 29
Enaineenng operations research 82 76 84 67 63 80 58 44 50 54 54
Business operations research - 38 46 45 46
Total,mathematics education 96 98 57 85 74 62 50 62 64 65 72
a Reported under "Mathematics" in National Research Council (1987).
b These numbers are the NRC counts minus the American Mathematical Society counts for probability given above. It
is noted that the AMS counts of doctorates in statistics are considerably higher than these NRC counts. The ARC counts
in probability and statistics are approximately the AMS counts for statistics alone.
SOURCES: National Research Council (NRC, 1987, pp. 60-63) and American Mathematical Society (AMS, 1976 to
1988).
111
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A Challenge of Numbers
TABLE A4.15 Total number and distribution of new mathematical sciences doctorates by subfield and sex, 1960 to 1982
Number of new doctorates
Male (%)
Female (%) Total
Distnbution by sex (percent)
MaleFemaleTotal
Mathematical sciences, total 18,646 (91) 1,863 (9) 20,509 100100100
Algebra
Analysis/functional analysisa
Geometry
Logic
Number theory
Probab~lity/math statisticsb
Topology
Topological algebras
Computing theory
Computer sciences
Operations researche
Applied mathematics
Mathematics, general
Mathematics, other
2,135 (86)
3,538 (93)
559 (91)
489 (91)
468 (88)
2,532 (89)
1,668 (92)
116 (98)
1,534 (94)
922 (89)
326 (91)
2,203 (94)
1,358 (89)
798 (90)
338 (14)
273 (7)
54(9)
46 (9)
63 (12)
310 (11)
136 (8)
2 (2)
106 (6)
111 (11)
33 (9)
136 (6)
162 (11)
93 (10)
2,473
3,811
613
535
531
2,842
1,804
118
1,640
1,033
359
2,339
1,520
891
a This subfield was specified as "Analysis" through 1967; "Functional Analysis" was added in 1968.
b "Math Statistics" was deleted from the taxonomy in 1969 but was restored in 1972.
c This subfield was deleted in 1967.
~ This subfield was introduced in 1977.
e This subfield was introduced in 1973.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation (NSF, 1983, pp. 18-19, 22-23, 26-27~.
112
11 18 12
19 15 19
15
3 ~
3
~2 3
3
14
9
1
3 3
17 14
7 9
8 6 8
5 6 5
2 2 2
12 7 11
7 9
4 5 4
OCR for page 113
Appendix Tables
TABLE A4.16 Number of doctorates awarded in selected fields, 1970 to 1985
Percent change,
Field 1970 1975 1980l9gS 1970 to 1985
-
Biological sciences 3,361 3,497 3,8033,771 12
Chemistry 2,238 1,776 1,5381,837 -18
Mathematical sciences 1,225 1,147 744688 -44
Physics end astronomy 1,655 1,300 9831,080 -35
Engineenng 4,434 3,002 2,4793,167 -8
SOURCE: National Science Foundation (NSF, 1988c, pp. 1-5~.
TABLE A5.1 Number of employed scientists and engineers
Percent increase,
1976 1980 1986 1976 to 1986
All science/engineenng fields2,331,200 2,860,400 4,626,500 98
Physical scientists188,900 215,200 288,400 53
Mathematical scientists48,600 64,300 131,000 170
Computer specialists119,000 207,800 562,600 373
Engineers1,371,700 1,675,900 2,440,100 78
Othera603,100 697,200 1,204,400 100
a Includes environmental, life, and social scientists and psychologists.
SOURCE: National Science Board (NSB, 1987, pp. 230-231).
TABLE A5.2 Selected employment characteristics of scientists and engineers, 1986
Mathematical Scientists
Total Mathematics Statistics Scientists Engineers Total S/E
Labor force participation rate 94.6 94.5 95.2 95.3 93.8
Unemployment rate 1.3 1.1 2.4 1.9 1.2
S/E employment rate 79.3 77.7 87.8 76.7 91.9
Underemployment rates 3.3 3.4 3.0 4.3 1.0
Underutilization rater 4.6 4.5 5.3 6.1 2.2
a Those who are involuntarily working either in non-S/E jobs or part-time as a percent of total employment.
b Percent of total who are either unemployed or underemployed.
SOURCE: National Science Board (NSB, 1987, p. 225).
113
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Appendix Tables
TABLE A5.4 Field of employment for recent (1984/85)
mathematics degree recipients, 1986 (percent distribution)
Field Bachelor's Master's
. . .
Mathematics and statistics 42
Computer science 40
Erlgineenng
Economics
Psychology
14
2
61
15
17
2
SOURCE: Consolidated from National Science Foundation
(USE, 1987a).
TABLE A5.5 Primary work activities for recent (1984/85)
mathematics degree recipients, 1986 (percent distribution)
Primary work activities Bachelor's Master's
Research and development 16 17
Management and administration 3
Teaching
Production and inspection 6
Reportin:,/statistical/
computing activities
Other
24
34
15
15
34
6
15
11
SOURCE: Consolidated from National Science Foundation
(NSF, 1987a).
TABLE A5.6 Median annual salaries by field arid type of TABLE A5.7 Demand and supply of new leachers in elemen
degree of recent (1984/85) graduates, 1986 tary and secondary schools, 1970 to 1992 (in thousands)
S/E field of degree Bachelor's Master's
. .
Englneenng
Computer science
Total, science and engineenn:,
Mathematics and statistics
Physical science
Total, science
Environmental science
Social science
Life science
Psychology
$30,000
$28,000
$25~000
$24,100
$21,400
$21,000
$20,000
$20,000
$17,000
S17~000
$36,000
$36,600
S32,500
$31,500
530,000
$29,000
$27,000
$24,600
$22,000
$23,100
SOURCE: National Science Foundation (NSF, 1987a).
Demanda
Elementary Secondary
Schools Schools Total
Supply,b
Total Balance
1970
1975
1980
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
115
101
69
95
114
114
126
126
131
129
129
93
~5
58
62
56
46
38
47
52
66
80
208
186
127
157
170
160
164
173
183
195
209
76
52
17
- 1 1
-26
-18
139
139
139
138
137
-25
-34
-44
-57
-72
aDemand: Data for 1970 to 1982 are actual new hires. Data
for 1983 to 1992 are the intermediate value of three alternate
projections.
bSupplv: Data for 1984 to 1992 are the intermediate values
of three alternate projections.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education as reported in
National Science Board (NSB, 1987, p. 186).
115
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A Challenge of Numbers
TABLE A5.8 Numbers of faculty members by types of institutions for selected years
-
1970 1975 198() 109s
University
Mathematics
Full-time faculty6,2355,4055,6055,333
Part-time faculty6156991,0381,044
Statistics
Full-time faculty700732610662
Part-time faculty9368132103
Public four-year college
Mathematics
Full-time faculty6,0686,1606,2647,754
Part-time faculty8761,3392,3193,337
Private four-year college
Mathematics
Full-time faculty3,3523,5794,1534,762
Part-time faculty9451,3592,0992,706
Total, university and four-year college
Full-time faculty16.35515,87616,63218,511
Part-time faculty2,5293,4655,5887,190
Two-year college
Mathematics
Full-time faculty4,8795,9445,6236,277
Part-time faculty2,2133,4116,6617,433
Total, all institutions
Full-time faculty21,23421,82022,25524,788
Part-time faculty4.7426,87612,24914,623
SOURCE: Consolidated from Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS, 1987, pp. 41, 133).
116
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Appendix Tables
TABLE A5.9 Mathematical sciences and computer science
enrollments per full-time equivalent (FTE) of faculty
197019751980 1985
Universities798596 105
Public colleges7887105 100
Private colleges717390 73
Two-year colleges104123134 118
SOURCE: Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences
Surveys (CBMS, 1987, p. 44~.
TABLE A5.10 Age distribution of full-time mathematical sciences faculty in 1985 in four-year colleges and universities
Percent Retirement years Estimated number of Estimated number of doctorate
Age of faculty atage67 retirementsakper year) retirementsb (per year)
>60 7 1986-1992 186 138
55-59 8 1993-1997 297 220
50-54 14 1998-2002 520 385
45-49 17 2003-2007 632 468
40-44 19 2008-2012 706 522
35-39 15 2013-2017 -
30-34 14 2018-2022 -
<30 6 2023- _
a Based on a total of 18?600 (see Table A5.8~.
bAssumes that 74 percent of retirees have doctorate.
SOURCE: Adapted from Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS, 1987, p. 57).
117
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A Challen:', e of Numbers
TABLE A5.11 Age distribution of full-time mathematical sciences faculty in 1985 in two-year colleges
Percent Retirement years Estimated number of
Age of faculty at age 67 retirementsa (per year)
>60 4 1986-1992 36
55-59 7 1993-1997 88
50-54 13 1998-2002 163
45-49 18 2003-2007 226
40-44 24 2008-2012 301
35-39 18 2013-2017
30-34 11 2018-2022
<30 5 2023
a Based on a total of 6,300 (see Table AS.8~.
SOURCE: Adapted from Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS, 1987, p. 137~.
TABLE A5.12 Employment status of new doctorates awarded by U.S. and Canadian mathematical sciences departments
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Total 972 952 889 858 904 860 792 789 769 801 845
Doctoral departments 296 280 267 239 235 239 220 192 206 225 202
Master's/Bachelor's depts. 172 160 155 154 157 138 159 175 138 128 141
Other academic units 110 a 84 a 74 68 91 85 60 81 67 72 85
Research institutes - 12 28 26 35 15 22 24 16 28
Government 62 44 34 37 28 24 24 23 14 27 19
Business and industry 136 166 168 167 169 146 105 111 108 109 104
Outside United States 159 182 145 137 172 151 171 153 187 185 201
Other 37 36 34 28 26 42 38 32 25 39 65
These include research institutes.
SOURCE: American Mathematical Society (AMS, 1977 to 1987).
118
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Appendix Tables
-
TABLE A5.13 Mathematical sciences faculty salaries by type of institution (in 1985 constant dollars)
1970 1975 1980 1985
Group I
Group II
Group III
Assistant professor $29,400 $25,600 $25,900 $27,700
Associate professor $36,800 $33,200 $32,800 $34,700
Full professor $57,000 $52,300 549,500 $48,800
Assistant professor $30,900 $27,100 $25,400 $27,200
Associate professor $38,300 $33,600 $32,100 $33,200
Full professor $54,700 $48,400 $44,200 $44,400
Assistant professor $30,900 $26,600 $24,500 $26,600
Associate professor $38,500 $33,400 $31,400 $31,900
Full professor $51,500 $44,000 $41,900 S42,400
Group IV (statistics)
Assistant professor $30,400 $27,000 $26,400 $28,700
Associate professor $36,800 $35,100 $34,700 $34,600
Full professor $49,400 $50,700 $48,100 $50,000
Group M
Group B
Assistant professor $29,900 $26,500 $25,100 $26,100
Associate professor $35,500 $32,700 $30,600 $31,600
Full professor $44,600 $39,700 $38,200 $39,200
Assistant professor $28,100 $23,600 $22,400 $24,800
Associate professor $35,000 $28,600 $27,600 $29,400
Full professor 540,800 $35,800 $33,600 S34,700
NOTE: The American Mathematical Society classifies the mathematical sciences institutions by their ranking in the 1982
assessment and by degree programs offered. Of the doctorate-granting institutions, Group I consists of the 39 top
ranked, Group II the next 43, and Group III the remaining 73. Group IV consists of the 69 departments (or programs) of
statistics that offer doctoral degrees, Group M consists of 273 master's-granting institutions, and Group B consists of 950
bachelor's-granting institutions. (See Box 3.2 for more detail.)
SOURCE: American Mathematical Society (AMS, 1986).
119
Representative terms from entire chapter:
appendix tables
