1869–1910, Three German states

NA^c

NA

Correlation, A-21

Knodel and van de Walle, 1967

1885–1886 Berlin, Germany

4.0– 10.8^d

NA

Mortality rates, A-1

Thiemich and Bessau, 1930; reviewed in Mannheimer, 1955

1895–1896 Berlin, Germany

4.1– 14.2^d

NA

Mortality rates, A-1

Thiemich and Bessau, 1930; reviewed in Mannheimer, 1955

1900–1903, Derby, England

2.83

1.41

Mortality rates, A-2

Howarth, 1905

1900–1904,  Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany

NA

NA

Correlation, A-22

Greenwood and Brown, 1912

1901–1905, Finsbury, London

27.5

9.8

Case-control, A-3

Newman, 1906

NR^e Liverpool, England

2.71^f, 2.49^g

1.59^f, 0.92^g

Mortality rates, A-4

Armstrong, 1904

1903–1905, Brighton, England

35.1

3.1

Case-control, A-5

Newsholme, 1906, reviewed in Newman, 1906

1906, Berlin, Germany

2.6– 10.9^d

NA

Mortality rates, A-1

Thiemich and Bessau, 1930; reviewed in Mannheimer, 1955

1910, Boston, Mass.

6.06

NA

Mortality rates, A-6

Davis, 1913

1924–1929, Chicago, Ill.

5.6

4.6

Mortality rates, A-7

Grulee et al., 1934, 1935

NR, Birmingham, England

4.59

1.55

Case-fatality, A-17

Smellie, 1939

NR, Toronto, Canada

0.89

0.65

Case-fatality, A-18

Ebbs and Mulligan, 1942

1936–1942, Liverpool, England

5.62

2.52

Mortality rates, A-8

Robinson, 1951

1941–1942, Belfast, Ireland

5.15– 13.72^d

NA

Mortality rates, A-9

Deeny and Murdock, 1944

1943–1947, Stockholm, Sweden

1.34– 1.75^f

0.63– 0.66^f

Mortality rates, A-10

Mannheimer, 1955

1942 and 1943, Isleworth, England

1.96

NA

Case-fatality, A-19

Gaidner, 1945