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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design (1991)
Marine Board (MB)
 Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (CETS)

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303
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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design

Appendix G
Transport Cost Model Calculations

This appendix presents the calculations performed using the transport cost spreadsheet model described in Chapter 6.

Annual cost differentials for the alternative tank vessel designs are presented below (Table G-1). These costs are based on:

  • Oil transport cost (dollars per ton) for each vessel size and design alternative, taken from Tables G-2 to G-10.

  • Average transport costs for each alternative, weighting the three representative sizes and route distances, as noted in Chapter 6.

  • Difference between the weighted average transport cost for each alternative and the cost of the base case, MARPOL single-skin ship.

  • Annualization of these transport cost differentials, using a representative annual volume of 600 million tons of oil moved by tank vessels in U.S. waters.

Calculations of representative transport costs for each vessel design are presented in the following order:

Table

Vessel Design

G-2

MARPOL (Single Hull)

G-3

MARPOL + Hydrostatic Control

G-4

Double Hull

G-5

Double Hull + Hydrostatic Control

G-6

Double Side

G-7

Double Side + Hydrostatic Control

G-8

Double Side + Intermediate Oil Tight Deck

G-9

Double Bottom

G-10

Small Tanks
Page
303

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OCR for page 303
Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design Appendix G Transport Cost Model Calculations This appendix presents the calculations performed using the transport cost spreadsheet model described in Chapter 6. Annual cost differentials for the alternative tank vessel designs are presented below (Table G-1). These costs are based on: Oil transport cost (dollars per ton) for each vessel size and design alternative, taken from Tables G-2 to G-10. Average transport costs for each alternative, weighting the three representative sizes and route distances, as noted in Chapter 6. Difference between the weighted average transport cost for each alternative and the cost of the base case, MARPOL single-skin ship. Annualization of these transport cost differentials, using a representative annual volume of 600 million tons of oil moved by tank vessels in U.S. waters. Calculations of representative transport costs for each vessel design are presented in the following order: Table Vessel Design G-2 MARPOL (Single Hull) G-3 MARPOL + Hydrostatic Control G-4 Double Hull G-5 Double Hull + Hydrostatic Control G-6 Double Side G-7 Double Side + Hydrostatic Control G-8 Double Side + Intermediate Oil Tight Deck G-9 Double Bottom G-10 Small Tanks

OCR for page 304
Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-1 Transport Cost Model Ship Size, kDWT 40 80 240 Wtd Avg Wtd Avg Diff Annual Cost @ 600M T/yr Voy Dist RT, nm 2000 8000 4000 Weighting, % 25 58 17 Design Alternative ---- Transport Cost, dollars per ton --- $ Mill. Marpol 4.33 10.30 3.65 7.68 0.00 0 Marpol + HB 5.34 12.71 4.51 9.48 1.80 1080 DH 5.01 11.87 4.26 8.86 1.19 712 DH + HB 5.76 15.19 4.93 11.09 3.41 2047 DS 4.69 11.02 3.97 8.24 0.56 339 DS +HB 5.34 12.76 4.56 9.51 1.84 1102 DS + MHD 5.19 12.23 4.35 9.13 1.45 872 DB 4.77 11.31 4.06 8.45 0.77 462 ST 4.74 11.25 4.01 8.39 0.72 430

OCR for page 305
Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-2 MARPOL (Single Hull) Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M   34.0 49.7 89.6 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   4.55 6.65 12.00 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R   0.29 0.33 0.47 Insurance         H & M   0.34 0.50 0.90 P & I   0.08 0.10 0.23 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d   25 45 75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.02 2.15 2.92 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   8.04 11.34 19.40 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.86 1.10 5.31 Trans Cost, $/T   4.33 10.30 3.65 cents/gal   1.47 3.50 1.24 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT   0.95 0.96 0.975

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-3 MARPOL and Hydrostatic Control Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M   34.0 49.7 89.6 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   4.55 6.65 12.00 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R   0.29 0.33 0.47 Insurance         H & M   0.34 0.50 0.90 P & I   0.08 0.10 0.23 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d   25 45 75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.02 2.15 2.92 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   8.04 11.34 19.40 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.51 0.89 4.30 Trans Cost, $/T   5.34 12.71 4.51 cents/gal   1.82 4.32 1.53 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT   0.95 0.96 0.975

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-4 Double Hull Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M *   39.4 58.2 105.7 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   5.27 7.79 14.15 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R *   0.50 0.58 0.83 Insurance *         H & M   0.39 0.58 1.06 P & I   0.07 0.09 0.20 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d   25 45 75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.02 2.15 2.92 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   9.02 12.80 22.05 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.80 1.08 5.18 Trans Cost, $/T   5.01 11.87 4.26 cents/gal   1.70 4.04 1.45 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT *   0.92 0.94 0.95

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-5 Double Hull and Hydrostatic Control Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M *   47.3 80 126.7 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   6.33 10.71 16.96 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R *   0.61 0.80 1.00 Insurance *         H & M   0.47 0.80 1.27 P & I   0.07 0.09 0.21 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d *   27.5 49.5 82.5 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.12 2.36 3.21 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   10.36 16.37 25.54 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.80 1.08 5.18 Trans Cost, $/T   5.76 15.19 4.93 cents/gal   1.96 5.17 1.68 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT *   0.92 0.94 0.95

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-6 Double Side Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M *   35.7 52.2 95.9 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   4.78 6.99 12.84 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R *   0.46 0.52 0.75 Insurance *         H & M   0.36 0.52 0.96 P & I   0.07 0.09 0.21 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d   25 45 75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.02 2.15 2.92 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   8.45 11.88 20.58 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.80 1.08 5.18 Trans Cost, $/T   4.69 11.02 3.97 cents/gal   1.60 3.75 1.35 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT *   0.92 0.94 0.95

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-7 Double Side and Hydrostatic Control Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M *   42.8 63.7 115 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   5.73 8.53 15.40 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R *   0.55 0.63 0.90 Insurance *         H & M   0.43 0.64 1.15 P & I   0.07 0.09 0.21 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d *   26.25 47.25 78.75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.07 2.26 3.06 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   9.61 13.75 23.62 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.80 1.08 5.18 Trans Cost, $/T   5.34 12.76 4.56 cents/gal   1.82 4.34 1.55 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT *   0.92 0.94 0.95

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-8 Double Side and Intermediate Oil Tight Deck Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M *   41.4 60.7 108.8 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   5.54 8.13 14.57 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R *   0.53 0.60 0.86 Insurance *         H & M   0.41 0.61 1.09 P & I   0.07 0.09 0.20 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d   25 45 75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.02 2.15 2.92 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   9.33 13.18 22.52 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.80 1.08 5.18 Trans Cost, $/T   5.19 12.23 4.35 cents/gal   1.76 4.16 1.48 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT *   0.92 0.94 0.95

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-9 Double Bottom Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M *   37.7 55.7 101.3 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   5.05 7.46 13.56 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R *   0.40 0.46 0.66 Insurance *         H & M   0.377 0.557 1.013 P & I   0.07 0.09 0.21 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d   25 45 75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.02 2.15 2.92 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   8.68 12.32 21.26 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.82 1.09 5.23 Trans Cost, $/T   4.77 11.31 4.06 cents/gal   1.62 3.85 1.38 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delay, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT *   0.93 0.95 0.96

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Tanker Spills: Prevention by Design TABLE G-10 Small Tanks Vessel DWT   40000 80000 240000 Capital Cost         Cost, $M *   36.2 53.8 97.0 CRF @ 12% 20 yrs 0.13388       Annualized Cost   4.85 7.20 12.99 Non-Voyage Optg Costs         Manning   0.81 0.89 1.15 Stores & Lubes   0.25 0.27 0.32 M & R *   0.46 0.54 0.76 Insurance *         H & M   0.36 0.54 0.97 P & I   0.08 0.10 0.22 Admin & Other   0.21 0.23 0.29 Voyage Costs         Fuel         Fuel cons, T/d   25 45 75 Fuel cost, $/T 150       Fuel cost   1.02 2.15 2.92 Port costs   0.49 0.21 1.14 Total Costs, $M   8.53 12.13 20.75 Cargo Del'd, MT/yr   1.80 1.08 5.18 Trans Cost, $/T   4.74 11.25 4.01 cents/gal   1.61 3.83 1.36 Memo Items         Voyage R/T, n mi   2000 8000 4000 Speed avg, kts   15.0 15.0 14.6 Port Time         Load, days   0.75 1 1.5 Disch, days   0.75 1 1.5 Delays, days   0.1 0.2 1 Voyage days   7.2 24.4 15.4 Voys/yr   48.9 14.3 22.7 Cargo DWT/Total DWT *   0.92 0.94 0.95

Representative terms from entire chapter:

tight deck