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OCR for page 51
APPENDIX
Units of Measurement
kJ
Joule or work expressed in electrical units of measurement.
One joule equals I- 07 ergs.
Kilojoule, or joule X 103.
M`1 Megajoule, or joule X 106.
I Calorie or work expressed in temperature (heat) units of
measurement. One calorie egual-s 4.184 ~ in nutritional
terms.
kcal Kilocalone, or calorie X 103.
Mcal Megacalorie, or calorie X 106, also called "Thenn."
Heat of combustion or gross energy content (Jig) of
matter.
Amount of food consumed in grams (or appropriate unit
of weight).
Combustible Energy Fractions
IE
FE
Intake of Energy' or total gross energy consumed by art
animal.
Fecal Energy, or total gross energy contained in feces pro-
duced by an animal.
51
OCR for page 52
52
UE
GE
SE
RE
TE
LE
OE
YE
VE
DE
ME
Urine Energy, or total gross energy contained in urine pro-
duced by an animal.
Gaseous Energy, or total gross energy contained in com-
bustible gases produced by an animal, mainly methane
produced by ruminants.
Gill Excretion Energy, or the total gross energy contained
in combustible waste products excreted via the gill of fish.
Surface Energy, or the total gross energy contained in
waste products lost from the exterior surface of the ani-
mal, such as hair, scurf, of} secretions, and similar non-
useful energy losses.
Recovered Energy, or total gross energy recovered as some
useful product, such as body tissue, milk, egg, or wool.
Tissue Energy, or the total gain (or loss) of gross energy
contained in body tissue of an animal.
I,actation Energy, or the total gross energy contained in
the milk produced by a lactating animal.
Ovum or Egg Energy, or the total gross energy contained
in the egg produced by a laying hen.
Conceptus Energy, the energy contained in conceptus, or
the total gross energy contained in the embryo and tissues
of the placenta.
Wool Energy, or the total gross energy contained in the
useful product harvested from the "surface" of an animal,
such as wool, hair, or feathers.
Digestible Energy, or apparently digested energy, is the
total gross energy apparently absorbed from the digestive
tract. DE = {E- FE.
Metabolizable Energy' or apparently metabolized energy,
is the total gross energy available for metabolism by an
animal. ME = DE - GE - UE.
Fm E Metabolic Fecal Energy, or energy contained in feces of
nonfood origin.
U" E Endogenous Urine Energy, or energy contained in urine of
nonfood origin.
OCR for page 53
53
True Digestible Energy, or energy truly absorbed from the
digestive tract. TDE = DE + Em E - GE - HfE.
TME True Metabolizable Energy, or energy truly available for
metabolism by the animal. TME = TDE - UE + Ue E.
Mn E Nitrogen-Corrected Metabolizable Energy is metabolizable
energy adjusted to zero retained nitrogen.
TMn E Nitrogen-Corrected True Metabolizable Energy is TME ad-
justed to zero retained nitrogen.
Sources of Heat Production
HE Heat Production, or the total energy Toss from an animal in
any form other than as combustible matter.
He E Basal Metabolic Rate, or heat produced by a resting, con-
scious animal in a postabsorptive state; often called fasting
metabolic rate, basal metabolic rate (BMR), or fasting
metabolism.
Hj E Heat of Voluntary Activity, or heat produced as a result of
voluntary movement of an animal such as standing up or
lying down, walking, eating, and similar activity.
Heat of Thermal Regulation, or heat produced to maintain
body temperature as a result of environmental tempera-
tures outside the zone of thermal neutrality.
H E Heat of Product Formation, or heat resulting from the bio-
synthesis of useful products, such as body tissue, milk, egg,
or wool.
Hw E Heat of Waste Formation and Excretion, or heat resulting
from the formation and excretion of metabolic waste.
Heat of Digestion, or heat produced within the digestive
tract as a result of digestive processes or associated with
absorption of end products of digestion through the wall
of the gut. Also included would be heat produced as a
result of muscular activity required to move digesta through
the digestive tract.
OCR for page 54
54
Hf E Heat of Fermentation, or heat produced by the fermenta-
tion of food in the forestomach of ruminants; normally
HjE
would be included as a component of H<, E.
Heat Increment, or heat produced as a result of the inges-
tionoffood.HiE=H<,,E+HfE+HwE+HrE.
Feed Evaluation Terminology
TON Total Digestible Nutrients, computed as the apparent diges-
tible intake of crude protein and carbohydrate plus 2.25
times digestible fat.
NE
Net Energy, defined in its broadest sense as ~RE/AI, or
the net increase in useful product expressed per unit in-
crease in food consumed.
NEm Net Energy for Maintenance, or ARE/ measured be-
NEg
NE'
k'
tween ~ = 0 and ~ at RE = 0.
Net Energy for Gain, or I\RE/~l measured using a growing
animal consuming ~ in an amount that always results in
RE > 0
Net Energy for Lactation, or ~LE/~} measured under con-
ditions where TE, YE, and other forms of RE remain con-
stant.
PFV Physiological Fuel Values, estimates of calorie content of
food computed from the chemical composition in terms
of protein, carbohydrate, and fat.
Partial Efficiency of Metabolizable Energy Use for Gain,
or NEg/(ME - MEm ~
Partial Efficiency of Metabolizable Energy Use for Main-
tenance, or HeE/MEm.
ENE Estimated Net Energy, or a "corn equivalent" measure of
energy value proposed by Morrison (19561.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
energy contained
